Induction of Apoptosis in Protoplasts and Suspension Cultures of Plant Cells

IntroductionApoptosisisacellularautodestructionprocessfortheactiveeliminationofunwantedcells[1].Apoptosishasbeenobservedinmanyanimaltissuesandwasfoundtoplayavitalroleinnormaldevelopment,maintenanceofhomeostasisandpathologicalprocessesassociatedwithvariousdiseases[2,3].Thereismoreandmoreevidenceshowingthatapoptosisalsooccursinhigherplants[4].However,comparedwiththeresearchinanimals,thestudyofapoptosisinplantsisstillinitsinitialstage.Ourstudyinvestigatestheapoptosis-inducingeffectsofsomeabiotic…     

Algorithm for Automatic Generation of Curved and Compound Twills

Thetranslationsofweavestructureintoweave matrixescanberealizedbyusingamappedcommutation amongtheweavematrixesinwhichtheinterlacingstatusof warpandweftyarnsisdescribedby[0,1].Differenttypes ofweavestructurecorrespondtodifferentmapped commutation[1].Theshiftfunctionsofthreebasicweave structuresandtheirderivationsareestablishedandthe mappedmathematicalfunctionsofseveralweavestructures aredescribedbyGuetal[2,3].Curvedandcompound twills,whicharethetwomainkindsofdiversifiedtwills,havebeenwidelyusedi…     

Space-time Block Codes Based on Quasi-Orthogonal Designs

IntroductionSpace timecodingisanewencodingandsignalprocessingtechniqueinmobilecommunicationsystem ,whichtransmitsandreceivesinformationusingmultipletransmitantennasandreceiveantennas[1].Space timeprocessingcan greatlyimproveinformationcapacityandinformationrate[2 ].Space timecodeisdividedintospace timetrelliscodeandspace timeblockcode[3].Space timeblockcodecanachievefulldiversity .Thecodeputforwardin[4]can providemaximum possibletransmissionrateaswellasprovidingfulldiversity .Itisprovedin[4]t…     

Estimate of arsenic emission amount from the coal power stations in china

Arsenicisoneofthemostpopularandharmele-mentsintheenvironment[13].ThearsenicpollutionintheatmosphereisveryheavyinFushun,Shenyang,Lanzhou,Guiyang,ChengduandChongqing,etc.IntheSouthwestChinathereare3000eventsofarsenictoxicosisbecauseofhigharseniccoalscombustionandabout10000peopleareeffected[4,5].Therefore,thesourcesofarsenicintheenvironmentanditstreatmentarepaidmoreattentionto.CoalisthebasicpowersourceinChinaandabout1000milliontonsperyearisconsumeddirectlyasfuel[6,7].Steamcoalburntinpowerstat…     

Dynamic analysis of QTL for plant height at different developmental stages in maize （Zea mays L.）

Plantheightisoneofimportantagronomictraitsinmaizebreeding.Inthepastfewyears,toincreasetheplantingdensityandpreventplantsfromlodging,studiesonthegeneticmechanismofplantheightweregivengreatattentionto.Sincethe1990s,molecularmarkershaveprovidedapowerfultooltostudythetraitofplantheightatthemolecularlevel[1—3].Butmostofresearchforplantheightonlyfocusedondataatmaturestage.Tillnow,about70genesorQTLshavebeenlocated[4].Moreover,somegeneshavebeenevencloned[5—7].Duringthevege-tativegrowthperiod,plant…     

Reconstruction of May—July precipitation in the north Helan Mountain, Inner Mongolia since A.D. 1726 from tree-ring late-wood widths

Inrecentyears,greatprogressofdendroclimatologystudyhasbeenmadeinChina,andlotsofvaluabledatahavebeenobtained.Theclimaticfactors,suchastem-perature,precipitation,etc.,havebeenreconstructedonthebasisoftree-ringdataforthepastseveralcenturies[1—5].Thesedatahaveplayed(orwillplay)animportantroleinbothregionalandglobalchangeresearches[6].Sofar,however,tree-ringdatafromtheboundaryofthedeserttoloessareainnorthwestChinaaresparse[7].Thisstudywillusethetree-ringdataintermsofthestatisticalmethodtoreconstr…     

文后参考文献著录格式

期刊: [序号] 作者(姓前名后). 题名[J]. 刊名(外文刊名可缩写), 出版年, 卷(期): 起止页码. 专著: [序号] 作者(姓前名后). 书名[M]. 版本(第一版不写). 出版地: 出版者, 出版年. 起止页码. 论文集: [序号] 作者(姓前名后). 题名[A]. 编者. 论文集名[C]. 出版地: 出版者, 出版年. 起止页码. 科技报告: [序号] 作者(姓前名后). 题名[R]. 报告题名, 编号. 出版地: 出版者, 出版年. 起止页码. 学位论文: [序号] 作者(姓前名后). 题名[D]. 保存地点: 保存单位, 授予年份. 页码. 国际、国家标准: [序号] 起草责任者. 标准编号, 标准名称[S]. …     

Direct Promotion of Collagen Calcification by Alkaline Phosphatase

IntroductionAlkalinephosphatase(AP)hasbeenthoughttobeimportantintheprocessofbiocalcification[1].APwasthefirstenzymeassociatedwithcalcificationactivityintissuesandremainsasthebestcharacterizedenzymeinthecalcificationprocess.Yet,importantquestionsabouttheroleofthisproteininbiocalcificationremainunanswered,anditcontinuestodrawfocusedattentionincalcifiedtissueinvestigations[2].APpromoteshydrolysisofphosphatecontainingsubstrates[1],producesorthophosphateandcausesariseininorganicphosphateandtherem…     

专利文献著录格式

[序号]专利申请者或所有者.专利题名：专利国别,专利号[文献类型标志].公告日期或[公开日期].获取和访问路径.示例：[1]姜锡洲.一种温热外敷药制备方案：中国,88105607,3[P].1989-07-26.[2]西安电子科技大学.光折变自适应光外差探测方法：中国,01128777.2[P/OL].2002-03-06[2002-05-28].http;//211.152.9.47/sipoasp/zljs/hyjs-yx-new.asp？recid=01128777.2＆Ieixin=0.     

Electrochemistry study on PEO-LiClO<Subscript>4</Subscript>-ZSM5 composite polymer electrolyte

Allsolid-statelithiumpolymerbatteriesmaybeoneofthebestchoicesforelectrochemicalpowersourceofthefuturecharacterizedbyitshighenergydensities,goodcyclability,reliabilityandsafety[1,2].PEO-LiXbasedpoly-merelectrolyteshadreceivedextensiveattention[4,5],foritspotentialcapabilitytobeusedascandidatematerialforthetraditionalliquidelectrolytes,sinceWrightetal.foundthatthecomplexofPEOandalkalinesaltshadtheabilityofionicconductivityin1973[3].ThegeneralconceptofthetransportofLi+inthepolymerelectrolytewa…     

《中央民族大学学报》（自然科学版）参考文献的主要写作规范

a .专著、论文集、学位论文、报告[序号 ]主要责任者 .文献题名 [文献类型标识 ].出版地 :出版者 ,出版年 .起止页码 (任选 ) .[1]刘国钧 ,陈绍业 ,王凤翥 .图书馆目录 [M].北京 :高等教育出版社 ,195 7.15 - 18.[2 ]辛希孟 .信息技术与信息服务国际研讨会论文集 :A集 [C].北京 :中国社会科学出版社 ,1994 .[3]张筑生 .微分半动力系统的不变集 [D].北京 :北京大学数学系数学研究所 ,1983.[4 ]冯西桥 .核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析 [R].北京 :清华大学核能技术设计研究院 ,1997.b .期刊文章[序号 ]主要责任者 .文献题名 [J].刊名…     

Zircon U-Pb SHRIMP ages of eclogites from the North Qilian Mountains in NW China and their tectonic implication

TheNorthQilianMountainsattheboundarybe-tweenGansuandQinghaiProvincesareafamousCaledo-nianplatesuturezoneinthenorthwesternChina.Thissuturezoneis80to100kmwideandextendsintheNWdirectionparalleltotheNorthQaidamUHPbeltinthesouth[1,2].Itconsistspredominantlyofophiolite,island-arccomplexandhigh-presuremetamorphicrocks[38],andshowstypicalfeaturesofPacific-type[9](orB-type)sub-ductionzone.Spatially,thehigh-pressurerockscanbesubdividedintohigh-gradeblueschistbeltandlow-gradeblueschistbelt[5,6].Th…     

The Application of Synthetic Fuzzy Assessing Method in Measurement and Control System of Plating Solution Evaporator

IntroductionThemeasurementandevaluationdependentuponhumanexperimentorsenseorganiscalled“sensoryevaluation”[1].Generally,sensoryevaluationisappliedtoestimateproductsorotherthings,suchasoutstandingachievementofenterprise,qualityofcommodities,examinationofexcellentthesis,faultdiagnosis[2],buildingandcondominiuminrelationtoamenityinlivingenvironment[1],designofcontrolsystem[3].Techniquesbasedonclassicalstatisticprinciplesandfactorialanalysisareoftenusedinevaluation.Recently,sensoryevaluationhasb…     

Sensory Marketing: Designing Pleasurable Products

Introduction:SensoryEvaluationFordecades,researchershaveusedsensoryevaluationforproductdevelopmentinthefoodandflavorindustries[1,2].Sensoryevaluationaimsatdefiningandmeasuringtheconcretephysicalattributesofproducts,astheyareperceivedbythefivehumansenses,usingiterativeconsumertests.Inrecentyears,sensoryevaluationhasspreadfromthefoodindustrytootherindustrialsectorssuchascarsandelectricalappliances[3].Sensoryevaluationcanbeeffectivelyusedforidentifyingproductcharacteristicscontributingtohedonica…     

文后参考文献著录规则

1专著著录格式主要责任者.题名:其他题名信息[文献类型标志].其他责任者.版本项.出版地:出版者,出版年:引文页码[引用日期].获取和访问路径.示例:[1]余敏.出版集团研究[M].北京:中国书籍出版社,2001:179-193.[2]昂温G,昂温P S.外国出版史[M].陈生铮,译.北京:中国书籍出版社,1988.     

Over-expression of an Arabi-dopsisd δ-OAT gene enhances salt and drought tolerance in transgenic rice

Riceisoneofthemostimportantcropsintheworld,sincemorethanhalfoftheworldspopulationisfedonrice(OryzasativaL.).Althoughmuchhasbeendoneonfoodsecurityforlong,osmoticstress,duetodroughtandsalinity,isstillthemostseriousfactorthataffectstheyieldofrice[1].Ithaslongbeenfoundthatplantsaccumulateosmolytestomaintainosmoticbalanceandtoprotectsubcellularstructures[2].Theseosmolytesaremainlysmallmolecularweightorganiccompoundsandproteinprotec-tants.Prolineisregardedasthemostwidely-distributedosmolyteandwitht…     

Jacobi Inversion Problem for the Modified Jaulent-Miodek Hierarchy

IntroductionTheseparabilityoftheHamilton-Jacobiequa-tionandtheclassicalPoissonstructureforafinite-dimensionalintegrableHamiltoniansystem(FDIHS)playsanimportantroleinconstructingsolutionsandintheunderstandingofthecompleteintegrabilityofanFDIHS[1,2].Recently,muchin-teresthasdevelopedinthestudyofseparationofvariablesforcompletelyintegrableHamiltoniansystems[3-12].ForsomeFDIHSs,theLaxmatrixandr-matrixprovideaneffectivewaytoinvestigatetheseparationofvariables.Ithasbeenshownthateachequation…     

Synthesis and Properties of Some Novel Liquid Crystals: Chiral 4′-(4-alkoxy-2,3-difluorobenzoyloxy)-4-biphenyl Carboxylates

Introduction　　Mostpreviouslyreportedchiralliquidcrystalswerelaterallyunsubstitutedormono-substituted[1].Certainlaterallydifluoro-substitutedsystems(ondifferentrings)haveanS*CAphase[2].TheS*CSAS*AN*IsequencediscoveredinaTGBAsystembyBouchta[3]wasduetolateralfluoro-substituents,whichsuggeststhatlateralfluoro-substitutentsdonotsimplylowerthemeltingpointsandcompresstheformationoftheunderlyingsmecticphases,butinfluencethemesomorphiccharactertoagreaterextent.Amongthesechiralliquidcrystals,th…     

umerical tests of efficiency of the retrospective time integration scheme in the self-memory model

Althoughthedesignofcomputingschemeinthenumericalweatherpredictionismainlytoimprovethespacialdifference,theresearchforimprovingthetimedifferenceschemehasseenapparentprogresses[1～5].Itisconfirmedthattheretrospectivetimeintegralschemeadoptedinaspectrummodel,whichutilizesmultitimehistoricaldata,improvestheaccuracyofthenumericalweatherprediction[6,7].Inthisarticle,weapplytheretrospectivetimeintegralschemetoasimpledifferencemodel,performnumericalexperimentsandpresentacomparisonanalysis.1　Principle…