大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)fAFLP方法的建立

以大黄鱼为材料,探索及优化了影响荧光标记AFLP(fAFLP)分析体系的主要因素.结果表明:内切酶EcoRⅠ与MseⅠ各0.35 U,双酶切350 ng大黄鱼基因组DNA,依次反应4 h可得最佳效果;T4DNA连接酶2.5 U,16℃过夜连接3μL酶切产物与接头时效果最佳;以1μL连接产物作底物,EcoRⅠ与MseⅠ预扩引物分别为0.3μmol/L与1.5μmol/L时预扩效果最佳;预扩产物稀释超过100倍作为选择性扩增的模板时致使某些样品的电泳条带缺失.使用该体系分析了一个野生大黄鱼群体的AFLP片段的多态水平,结果证明该方法简便有效,可用于群体遗传多态性分析.     

阔叶榧总DNA的提取及其RAPD反应条件的研究

在阔叶榧新鲜针叶DNA提取过程中，应用pH值较低，无机盐浓度较高的提取缓冲液可沉淀蛋白质，其中加入2％的β-颈基乙醇可有效地防止次生代谢物质使DNA变色。提取出的DNA样品产率在83．7－197．5ng/mg.f.，DNA质量和纯度较高，260nm/280nm光密度比值在1．8－1．9之间。所得DNA可直接用于限制性内切酶酶切，并可用于随机引物PCR扩增，在优化RAPD各种反应条件研究中，确定 了阔叶榧最佳RAPD反应体系为：15μL反应体系中含有50mmol/L KCl．10mmol/L Tris-HCl(pH9.0）．0．1％Triton-100、3nmolμL MgCl2、0.6nmol/μLdNTPs、6μg/μL BSA、1U Taq酶、60ng引物、50－100ng左右的阔叶榧DNA。     

黄嘴白鹭遗传多样性AFLP分析方法的建立

以黄嘴白鹭为研究对象,探讨并建立其遗传多样性分析的Pst I/Mse I AFLP分子标记方法.采用黄嘴白鹭13个样品作为一个种群的池DNA,通过对AFLP方法中DNA提取、酶切、连接、预扩增、选择性扩增、电泳和银染等条件进行优化,建立了一套适合黄嘴白鹭的AFLP技术优化体系,为黄嘴白鹭遗传多样性的分析奠定研究基础.     

高粱胞质雄性不育及保持系的RAPD技术优化

以高梁细胞质雄性不育系和保持系A1T623A/B,A2V2A/B为材料，考察了Mg^2 ，Taq酶，dNTP，引物，模板等的用量、循环参数及不同的PCR仪对随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）反应的影响。结果发现：在25μL体系中，MgCl22．0mmol/L，Taq酶0．75U（1U＝1μmol/min），dNTP0．15mmol／L，引物16．5ng，模板30ng，明0．001％，KCl50mmol。L，Tris10mmol/L（pH8．3）为最佳反应混合物组合。对PeltierThermalCycler200而言，94℃预变性5min，94℃预变性5in，94℃变性1min，35℃退火1min，72℃延伸2min，最后72℃保温5min，共计40个循环为最佳扩增条件；对PerkinElmerCetusDNAtThermalCycler-480而言,采用94℃预变性3min后，前3个循环，94℃变性1min，35℃退火1min，72℃延伸2min，后37个循环，94℃变性30s，36℃退火45s，72℃延伸45s，72℃延伸1min，最后72℃保温5min的循环程序可获得理想扩增。并阐述了优化RAPD实验体系的设计原则。     

安徽羽叶报春RAPD分析实验条件优化的研究

采用CTAB法^[1]从珍稀濒危植物安徽羽叶报春(Primula merrilliana)的幼叶中提取DNA，进行随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)实验，通过Mg^2 、dNTP、Taq酶、模板浓度的优化，确立了RAPD反应的最佳体系(25μ1)范围为：Mg^2 浓度为2．0—2．5mmol／L，模板浓度为每个反应50—150ng，dNTP浓度为200—250μmol／L，Taq酶为1.5—2.0U，按照优化的RAPD条件进行的重复实验，重现性良好。     

向日葵Pst Ⅰ和Mse Ⅰ内切酶组合AFLP标记体系的建立及引物筛选

 为建立并优化适合向日葵的Pst Ⅰ 和Mse Ⅰ 组合的AFLP 技术体系, 为下一步构建遗传连锁图谱及开展分子标记辅助育种奠定基础, 对向日葵基因组DNA 提取方法、酶切连接体系和选择性扩增程序的影响因素进行优化, 并对适合向日葵AFLP 分析的引物组合进行筛选。结果表明, 模板DNA 的提取采用改进CTAB 法, 酶切连接采用一步法反应14 h, 在选择性扩增体系20 μL中, Mg²⁺和dNTP 浓度分别为2 mmol/L 和0.3 mmol/L, 选扩引物的浓度为0.6 mmol/L, 预扩增产物最适稀释倍数为30 倍。同时筛选出了稳定且多态性丰富的48 对适合向日葵AFLP 分析的引物组合。     

太行菊SRAP-PCR反应体系的建立与优化

相关序列扩增多态性（SRAP）是一种新发展起来的分子标记技术,在太行菊中还未见相关的报道。为建立优化适合太行菊SRAP分析的扩增体系,以太行菊DNA为模板,对影响SRAP-PCR反应体系的5个重要参数设置梯度进行单因素实验分析,以确定最佳的反应条件。经过大量的重复性实验确定了适合太行菊SRPA-PCR反应体系：20μL的反应体系中,模板DNA量50ng,1.25mmol/L的Mg2＋浓度,0.5μmol/L的上下游引物,0.2mmol/L的dNTPs以及Taq酶1U。该体系在太行菊个体中均能扩增出清晰稳定的条带,为后续的太行菊遗传多样性分析奠定了基础。     

黑木相思双低频酶cDNA-AFLP反应体系的建立

以黑木相思组培苗为实验材料,对影响cDNA-AFLP反应体系的关键因素进行了研究,建立了适用于黑木相思的cDNA-AFLP分析体系.结果表明:适用于黑木相思dscDNA的限制性酶切组合为EcoR Ⅰ和PstⅠ,dscDNA酶切用量为500 ng.用作预扩增模板的连接产物稀释倍数为1倍,用作选择性扩增模板的预扩增产物稀释倍数为50倍.     

麦长管蚜AFLP银染分析体系的建立与优化

以麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae(Fabricius)为研究材料,以AFLP技术为基础,采用限制性内切酶EcoRI和MseI,对影响麦长管蚜AFLP技术体系中的关键技术,如DNA的提取质量、酶切与连接、扩增条件、引物选择、染色方法等进行了优化处理,构建了麦长管蚜AFLP银染技术体系。酶切与连接分步进行,预扩增与选择性扩增同体系完成。在此优化体系下,可以得到重复性好、稳定性和多态性高的麦长管蚜AFLP条带。该体系的构建为蚜虫种间分子遗传学研究提供了新的技术手段。     

正交设计优化太子参ISSR-PCR反应体系

利用正交设计实验对影响太子参ISSR-PCR扩增的重要因素(d NTPs、引物、Taq酶、模板DNA浓度)进行优化,以建立太子参ISSR-PCR的优化反应的最佳体系,25μL反应体系中包含d NTPs300μmol/L,引物500nmol/L,Taq酶1U及模板DNA 50ng.适宜的扩增程序为94℃预变性5min;94℃变性40s,46℃退火45s,72℃延伸2min,41次循环;最后于72℃延伸7min,4℃进行保存.该正交体系的建立,将为太子参种质资源鉴定及遗传多样性的研究提供技术支持.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.