亲电取代反应中相转移催化剂结构和性能的关系

选择了１０个含磺酸基团的化俣物作为相转移催化剂测定其在Ｈ２Ｏ／ＣＨ３ＣＯＯＨ－ＣＨ３ＣＯＯＮａ／ＣｌＣＨ２Ｃｌ体系中的亲电偶合反应速率常数。对比无催化剂存在时的动力学数据，证明这类化合物是有效的亲电取代反应的相转移催化剂。     

O3+CH→OCH+O2反应机理的量子化学研究

用量子化学从头计算方法,在ＨＦ／６－３１＋＋Ｇ＾＊＊水平研究了臭氧与ＣＨ自由基反应的微观机理,优化得到反应途径上的反应物、过滤态、中间体和产物的构型,通过振动分析对过滤态和中间体进行了确认,用ＭＰ４／６－３１＋＋Ｇ＾＊＊／／ＨＦ／６－３１＋＋Ｇ＊＊方法计算能量,同时进行零点能校正,研究结果表明：ＣＨ和Ｏ３反应首先生成环状中间体ＨＣＯ３,且该步反应表现为亲电反应特征,然后中间体裂解生成ＨＣＯ和Ｏ２该     

ClONO2与氯原子反应及其自身微波放电的HeI紫外光电子能…

本文进行了ＣｌＯＮＯ２分子与瞬变种Ｃｌ原子反应的ＵＰＳ实验测试，指认其最终产物为ＣｌＯ自由基，ＮＯ２和Ｃｌ２。分析其反应历程为：Ｃｌ＋ＣｌＯＮＯ２－－－Ｃｌ２＋ＮＯ３（１）Ｃｌ＋ＮＯ３－－－ＣｌＯ＋ＮＯ２（２）ＣｌＯＮＯ２与Ｃｌ原子反应能够将含不活沲Ｃｌ的ＣｌＯＮＯ２转化为活泼的ＣｌＯ２，Ｃｌ２从而重参与Ｏ３破坏的循环。     

AlCr2O3体系燃烧合成反应的热力学分析与实验

首先对Ａｌ－Ｃｒ２Ｏ３体系的燃烧合成反应进行了热力学分析,讨论了起始反应温度,Ａｌ２Ｏ３和Ｃｒ２Ｏ３稀释剂以及ＭｏＯ３添加剂对Ａｌ－Ｃｒ２Ｏ３体系的绝热反应温度的影响。最后对Ａｌ－Ｃｒ２Ｏ３体系进行了热爆和点燃模式的燃烧合成实验,并对实验结果进行了分析。     

苯甲酸衍生物的Tb（Ⅲ）配合物中配体电子结构对Tb^3＋的 …

用ＨＭＯ分子轨道法对６个苯甲酸衍生物ＲＣ６Ｈ４ＣＯ２Ｈ（ｏ－ＮＨ２、Ｈ、ｐ－ＮＨ２、ｏ－ＯＨ、ｍ－Ｃｌ、ｏ－ＣＯＯＨ）作了半经验量子化学计算,逐步回归的结构有明,该６个化合物与铽Ｔｂ（Ⅲ）的二元配合物在紫外光激发下的荧光光谱中,标志Ｔｂ＾３＋的超灵敏跃迁强度的量：蓝光（４９１ｎｍ）与绿（５４５ｎｍ）的相对强度比（ＩＷＧ）与配体的前线轨道能量（ＥＨＯＭＯ和ＥＬＵＭＯ）、共振能ＥＲ及羟基氧的亲电前线电     

Belousov-Zhabotinskii振荡体系中的独立反应研究

改进了复杂反应系统代数结构中的表现矩阵,扩大了其适用范围。并计算出Ｂｅｌｏｕｓｏｖ－Ｚｈａｂｏｔｉｎｓｋｉｉ振荡反应体系中的独立反应,得到了一组新的结果。３ＣＨ２（ＣＯＯＨ）２＋ ２Ｈ＋ ＋ ２ＢｒＯ－２ ２ＢｒＣＨ（ＣＯＯＨ）２＋ ４Ｈ２Ｏ＋ ３ＣＯ２　８Ｂｒ２ＣＨＣＯＯＨ＋ ４Ｈ２Ｏ３Ｂｒ２ＣＨＣＯＯＨ＋ ６ＣＨ２（ＣＯＯＨ）２＋ ２Ｈ＋＋ ２ＢｒＯ－３ 。     

氨基酸衍生物的BZ类振荡反应（Ⅰ）振荡现象及其影响因素的研究

本文报道氨基酸的衍生物与丙酮作混合底物的ＢＺ类振荡反应［ＫＢｒＯ３－（ＣＨ３Ｏ）３ＣＣＨ（ＮＨ２）ＣＯＯＨ－ＣＨ３ＣＯＣＨ３－ＭｎＳＯ４－Ｈ２ＳＯ４］体系的振荡反应．给出了典型振荡波形及振荡浓度范围，分析了对振荡反应影响的因素、温度效应．解释了两种有机底物在振荡反应中的作用，并初步探讨了反应的机理。     

氧化物陶瓷与Ag－Cu－Ti钎料的界面反应

研究了氧化铝和氧化铬陶瓷真空钎焊时陶瓷与Ａｇ－Ｃｕ－Ｔｉ钎料合金的界面反应，分析了加热温度（１０７３～１３２３Ｋ）和保温时间（０～３．６ｋｓ）对界面反应的影响规律，扫描电镜和Ｘ射线衍射分析结果表明：两种陶瓷均与Ａｇ－Ｃｕ－Ｔｉ合金发生反应，反应层厚度随着温度和时间的增加而增加，对于氧化铝陶瓷，低子１１２３Ｋ时，反应产物为Ｃｕ２Ｔｉ４Ｏ和ＡｌＴｉ；在１１７３Ｋ以上温度时反应产物则为Ｔｉ２Ｏ、ＴｉＯ和ＣｕＴｉ２，此时，反应层是按Ａｌ２Ｏ３／Ｔｉ２Ｏ＋Ｔｉ０／Ｔｉ２Ｏ＋ＴｉＯ＋ＣｕＴｉ２／ＣｕＴｉ２／Ａｇ－Ｃｕ呈层状过渡分布，对于氧化锆陶瓷，在整个试验温度范围，反应产物均为γ－ＡｇＴｉ３和δ－ＴｉＯ，反应产物也是按ＺｒＯ２／δ－ＴｉＯ／δ－ＴｉＯ＋γ－ＡｇＴｉ３／γ－ＡｇＴｉ３／Ａｇ－Ｃｕ呈层状过渡分布的．     

CeO2对CuO／γ—Al2O3,CuO／α—Al2O3催化剂的还原性能和CO …

本文以ＣＯ氧化模式反应考察ＣｕＯ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３,ＣｕＯ／ＣｅＯ２／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３,ＣｕＯ／α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＣｕＯ／ＣｅＯ２／α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的氧化活性,运用ＴＰＲ技术研究了催化剂的还原性能,结果表明,ＣｅＯ２能提高Ａｌ２Ｏ３负载ＣｕＯ催化剂的ＣＯ氧化活性,抑制ＣｕＡｌ２Ｏ３尖晶石的形成,改善催化剂的热稳定性。     

担载型镍催化剂上CH_4/CO_2重整反应的研究Ⅰ.CaO-Fe_2O_3双金属氧化物助剂的研究

采用固定床流动反应装置及ＴＰＲ等技术考察了ＣａＯ、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３及ＣａＯ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３等氧化物助剂对Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的ＣＨ４／ＣＯ２重整反应制合成气的催化活性和抗积炭性能的影响,结果表明,含ＣａＯ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３助剂的催化剂能最有效地抑制积炭,同时考察了反应温度、原料气配比及空速对催化剂性能的影响     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-