锯缘青蟹对病原菌感染的急性反应功能蛋白质组

为研究锯缘青蟹对常见重要病原菌的急性反应蛋白质组．将锯缘青蟹随机分为四组．分别注射生理盐水、副溶血弧菌、鳗弧菌和嗜水气单胞菌．继而提取肌肉蛋白进行双向电泳．通过比较各组肌肉蛋白的双向电泳图谱获得三个差异表达的蛋白．对这三个差异蛋白进行肽质量指纹图谱及其生物信息分析．鉴定为Calexeitin、无翅蛋白片断、速激肽相关肽．这些结果对研究锯缘青蟹的抗病蛋白及其机理具有重要意义．     

双重PCR法快速检测欧鳗鲡嗜水气单胞菌

采用已知的嗜水气单胞菌编码溶血素(Hemolysin)和外膜蛋白(Ompts)的基因序列为目的基因,依据其保守序列设计两对相应引物,用双重PCR方法检测了32株从发病欧鳗鲡分离的细菌,将检测结果与试剂盒快速生化鉴定结果进行比较.以嗜水气单胞菌为阳性对照,以大肠杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鳗弧菌、溶壁微球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为阴性对照检测了嗜水气单胞菌溶血素与外膜蛋白基因的特异性.结果表明:被检测的32株欧鳗鲡致病菌中,检测到的4株既有溶血素基因又有外膜蛋白基因的细菌,其生化鉴定结果全部为嗜水气单胞菌,而仅具有外膜蛋白基因的13株细菌中只有5株生化鉴定结果为嗜水气单胞菌.证明双重PCR法可用于快速检测部分嗜水气单胞菌.     

中华鳖抗嗜水气单胞菌亚单位疫苗的制备与应用

水体条件致病菌嗜水气单胞菌对中华鳖养殖业的危害巨大.为预防嗜水气单胞菌的感染,提高中华鳖免疫抵抗力,研究开发嗜水气单胞菌疫苗是一种有效的方法.利用PCR手段克隆获得嗜水气单胞菌DnaK和DnaJ两个基因,并将两基因重组到大肠杆菌表达载体上,转化至大肠杆菌表达菌株,纯化获得了重组蛋白rDnaKAh和rDnaJAh.将两个重组蛋白分别与弗氏佐剂充分混合制备成疫苗,腹腔注射中华鳖幼鳖,加强免疫一次后,用已分离获得的致病菌株感染中华鳖幼鳖,实验结果表明rDnaK具有81.8％的免疫保护效应,而rDnaJ仅具有31.8％的免疫保护效应.     

运用SELEX技术筛选嗜水气单胞菌适配子

以嗜水气单胞菌为研究对象,采用适体筛选技术(SELEX,system evolution of ligands by expo-nential enrichment),利用体外合成的长度为78个核苷酸的随机ssDNA文库,以嗜水气单胞菌为靶目标进行12轮的筛选,利用生物素-抗地高辛碱性磷酸酶显色系统检测DNA适配子与嗜水气单胞菌的亲和力.研究结果表明:随着筛选轮数的增加,DNA适配子与嗜水气单胞菌结合后显色,A(absorbance)值逐渐增加,亲和力由最初的0.32升到第9轮的0.72.研究已初步筛选到与嗜水气单胞菌具有高亲和力的DNA适配子,为嗜水气单胞菌的二级结构研究及其检测试剂盒的研发提供了基础.     

嗜水气单胞菌毒力与毒力基因分布的相关性

采用PCR扩增的方法对9株鱼源嗜水气单胞菌AEROM ONAS HYDROPHILA中的气溶素基因(AERA)、溶血素基因(HLYA)和丝氨酸蛋白酶基因(AHPA)进行了扩增。结果表明,6/9的A.HYDROPHILA中存在AERA基因,8/9的A.HYDROPHILA中存在HLYA基因,而在7/9的A.HYDROPHILA中检测到AHPA基因。通过比较基因检测的结果与嗜水气单胞菌对鲫鱼的致病性,发现AHPA阴性菌株是无毒株,强毒株都呈AERA HLYA AHPA 基因型。AERA HLYA AHPA 基因型是致病性嗜水气单胞菌主要的基因型。本研究首次发现AHPA阳性的嗜水气单胞菌皆为毒力菌株,并且发现AERA和AHPA基因存在相关性,探讨了嗜水气单胞菌致病性与毒力基因分布的关系。     

嗜水气单胞菌与其拮抗菌R-15的生长曲线研究

嗜水气单胞菌的拮抗菌R-15经鉴定为粘质沙雷氏(Serratia marcescens Bizic).研究嗜水气单胞菌及其拮抗菌的生长曲线以及R-15菌与嗜水气单胞菌混合培养的生长曲线,分析拮抗菌R-15培养时间与其产拮抗活性物的关系,并对发酵液中拮抗活性物作初步分离.结果表明,拮抗菌R-15液体培养在20 h时菌体数量达最高,抑菌作用在36 h时最强;当两种菌混合培养至24 h后,嗜水气单胞菌数量从4.5×1017/mL开始快速下降至62 h的2.6×107/mL,而拮抗菌R-15仍维持较高水平.拮抗活性物质初步确定不是蛋白类物质.     

鳗鲡病原性气单胞菌AFLP分型研究

以32株从养殖鳗鲡分离的病原性气单胞菌为试验材料,采用Biolog自动菌鉴系统对其进行生理生化鉴定,结果表明,有20株被鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌,7株被鉴定为威隆气单胞菌,1株为豚鼠气单胞菌,其余4株未能鉴定到种.为进一步确定20株嗜水气单胞菌和7株威隆气单胞菌的基因型,筛选了2对引物(E-C/M-C,E-C/M-A)分别对这两个菌种进行了AFLP分析.结果表明:20株嗜水气单胞菌中共检测到88个位点,均为多态性位点;7株威隆气单胞菌中共检测到61个位点,其中60个为多态性位点.经UPGMA聚类分析表明:20株嗜水气单胞菌可初步分为3种类型,每种类型之间平均遗传距离为0.449,同一类型内不同菌株的平均遗传距离为0.127;7株威隆气单胞菌可初步分为4种类型,每种类型之间平均遗传距离为0.467,变异范围为0.415～0.525.该结果为鱼类病原菌的DNA分型研究提供了参考.     

广西斑点叉尾鮰源嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗的制备

本研究针对广西地区分离到的致病性嗜水气单胞菌,开发区域定制化的灭活疫苗,以实现鱼病的有效预防和控制。首先,对斑点叉尾鮰源嗜水气单胞菌在LB培养基中的生长曲线,培养基的最适pH值,以及培养基中添加蔗糖对嗜水气单胞菌生长影响进行研究;随后探索嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗的制备方法,并在细胞水平和斑点叉尾鮰活体水平上研究疫苗的安全性,开展疫苗对斑点叉尾鮰的免疫保护实验。结果表明嗜水气单胞菌浓度与菌液OD值间具有较好的线性关系,其回归方程为y=2E-10x+0.1399,R2=0.975 4。用于培养嗜水气单胞菌的LB培养基最适pH值为7.0～7.5,且在培养基中添加蔗糖能显著促进嗜水气单胞菌的生长。研究制备的嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗在细胞水平和鱼活体水平均安全无毒,且对斑点叉尾鮰的免疫保护率可达到75%。据此,本研究初步建立起广西斑点叉尾鮰源嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗的制备工艺。     

基于AhsA蛋白的嗜水气单胞菌特异性抗体的制备与鉴定

选取嗜水气单胞菌表面特异性抗原蛋白AhsA,构建了pET-28a(+)-AhsA表达载体,并在大肠杆菌BL21中进行表达,利用Ni-NTA亲和层析、凝胶过滤层析等蛋白纯化方法进行纯化。重组蛋白表达效果较好,浓度可达10 mg·mL^-1,纯度可达90%以上,符合制备多克隆抗体的免疫原标准。利用Western Blot技术将AhsA抗体特定识别免疫原蛋白,结果表明该抗体能够特异性识别免疫原蛋白AhsA,而对于牛血清蛋白却不能发生免疫应答,表明该抗体具有一定的特异性且AhsA蛋白具有很好的免疫原性。同时通过检测验证了AhsA蛋白抗体能够特异性检测嗜水气单胞菌,将为水产品质量控制及临床检测嗜水气单胞菌可提供新的技术。     

XapR蛋白在嗜水气单胞菌抗生素耐药性的功能

研究嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila） LysR型转录调节因子中XapR蛋白抗生素耐药的调控机制。通过测定嗜水气单胞菌ATCC 7966（野生型菌株）与嗜水气单胞菌ATCC 7966 xapR基因缺失株（ΔxapR）对34种抗生素的最低抑菌浓度,系统地评价xapR基因抗生素耐药性;进一步利用定量蛋白质组学技术,探讨xapR参与嗜水气单胞菌调控的生物过程。结果表明：xapR基因缺失后细菌对头孢孟多的耐药性减弱;xapR基因可调控细菌碳代谢、TCA循环等多种代谢途径,此外还与外膜蛋白、TonB、ABC转运系统等抗性基因的表达密切相关。综上,XapR蛋白可通过调节细菌中心代谢途径以及多个抗性基因改变嗜水气单胞菌的耐药性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.