3D打印制备HA/PCL复合材料组织工程支架的研究

应用熔融沉积成型技术（FDM）制备羟基磷灰石（HA）/聚己内酯（PCL）组织工程支架,探讨其内部结构和力学性能。以羟基磷灰石和聚己内酯为原料,采用熔融共混技术分别制备HA质量分数为20%的nano-HA/PCL和micro-HA/PCL复合材料,使用自主研发的熔体微分FDM 3D打印机制备HA/PCL复合材料组织工程支架。通过显微镜观察发现,所制备的nano-HA/PCL和micro-HA/PCL组织工程支架具有均匀分布且相互连通的近似矩形的孔隙。nano-HA/PCL和micro-HA/PCL组织工程支架的断面图分析结果表明,nano-HA/PCL组织工程支架中HA粒子分布均匀,而micro-HA/PCL组织工程支架中HA粒子发生了团聚,导致nano-HA/PCL组织工程支架的拉伸强度和弯曲强度均高于micro-HA/PCL组织工程支架。因此,利用熔体微分FDM 3D打印机打印生物活性nano-HA/PCL复合材料组织工程支架在骨组织工程中具有潜在的应用前景。     

Direct ink writing of polycaprolactone/polyethylene oxide based 3D constructs

There has been increasing interest over recent years in the application of three-dimensional(3 D) printing technologies in the biomedical field. One such method is Direct Ink Writing(DIW); this approach has the potential advantage of allowing room-temperature deposition of materials, presented as an ink, to build complex architectures. DIW offers the ability to process biomaterials containing temperature-sensitive components. Due to the fabrication principles of DIW, there are specific rheological requirements that the ink must exhibit for the 3 D construction. For this reason, hydrogel-based liquid feed stocks have been the focal point of ink development. As a consequence, studies based on inks comprising hydrophobic biomaterials, which are insoluble in water and hence unsuited to the hydrogel approach, have been limited.In this study, we investigate novel inks that utilize polycaprolactone(PCL), a hydrophobic polymer, as the primary constituent by dissolving the polymer in solvent systems based on dichloromethane(DCM) and acetone(ACE). Moreover, polyethylene oxide(PEO) was incorporated into the PCL systems in order to extend the range of hydrophilicity of the systems. The rheological properties of the inks were investigated as a function of polymer composition and solvent system. Woodpile constructs of PCL and PCL/PEO were fabricated using DIW method and were assessed by a series of material characterisation. The type of solvent system had a noticeable impact on the ink rheology, which ultimately affected the surface properties. The incorporation of PEO particularly enhanced the roughness and wettability of the constructs. Our results support the use of DIW as a new means to process hydrophobic polymers for biomedical applications.     

Engineered polycaprolactone – magnesium hybrid biodegradable porous scaffold for bone tissue engineering

In this paper, we describe the fabrication of a new biodegradable porous scaffold composed of polycaprolactone(PCL) and magnesium(Mg)micro-particles. The compressive modulus of PCL porous scaffold was increased to at least 150% by incorporating 29% Mg particles with the porosity of 74% using Micro-CT analysis. Surprisingly, the compressive modulus of this scaffold was further increased to at least 236% when the silane-coupled Mg particles were added. In terms of cell viability, the scaffold modified with Mg particles significantly convinced the attachment and growth of osteoblasts as compared with the pure PCL scaffold. In addition, the hybrid scaffold was able to attract the formation of apatite layer over its surface after 7 days of immersion in normal culture medium, whereas it was not observed on the pure PCL scaffold. This in vitro result indicated the enhanced bioactivity of the modified scaffold. Moreover, enhanced bone forming ability was also observed in the rat model after 3 months of implantation. Though bony in-growth was found in all the implanted scaffolds. High volume of new bone formation could be found in the Mg/PCL hybrid scaffolds when compared to the pure PCL scaffold. Both pure PCL and Mg/PCL hybrid scaffolds were degraded after 3 months. However, no tissue inflammation was observed. In conclusion, these promising results suggested that the incorporation of Mg micro-particles into PCL porous scaffold could significantly enhance its mechanical and biological properties. This modified porous bio-scaffold may potentially apply in the surgical management of large bone defect fixation.     

三维分形树木模型在3D GIS中的应用

基于分形理论，分别论述了用迭代函数系统和L系统进行三维树木实体建模的方法。同时，从树木实体在3D GIS(Dimension Geographical Information System)中的应用角度出发，对两种建模方法进行比较，确定L系统是3D GIS中构建树木实体的最佳方法，并从面向对象角度出发，给出基于L系统的树木实体对象类，从而使树木实体作为3D GIS中的对象之一融合到系统之中，为3D GIS领域中关于树木实体的表达寻找到一条有效的解决途径。     

3D DNA origami designed with caDNAno

For about three decades, DNA-based nanotechnology has been undergoing development as an assembly method for nanostructured materials. The DNA origami method pioneered by Rothemund paved the way for the formation of 3D structures using DNA self assembly. The origami approach uses a long scaffold strand as the input for the self assembly of a few hundred staple strands into desired shapes. Herein, we present a 3D origami "roller" (75 nm in length) designed using caDNAno software. This has the potential to be used as a template to assemble nanoparticles into different pre-defined shapes. The "roller" was characterized with agarose gel electrophoresis, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).     

VLSI design of 3D display processing chip for binocular stereo displays

In order to develop the core chip supporting binocular stereo displays for head mounted display(HMD)and glasses-TV,a very large scale integrated(VLSI)design scheme is proposed by using a pipeline architecture for 3D display processing chip(HMD100).Some key techniques including stereo display processing and high precision video scaling based bicubic interpolation,and their hardware implementations which improve the image quality are presented.The proposed HMD100 chip is verified by the field-programmable gate array(FPGA).As one of innovative and high integration SoC chips,HMD100 is designed by a digital and analog mixed circuit.It can support binocular stereo display,has better scaling effect and integration.Hence it is applicable in virtual reality(VR),3D games and other microdisplay domains.     

天然丝素制备三维多孔支架

研究盐沥滤法制备三维多孔丝素支架,在丝素多孔支架上培养人成骨肉瘤细胞、成纤维细胞及肝细胞.研究材料的细胞相容性,发现多种动物细胞在盐沥滤法所制备的丝素多孔支架材料上能够很好地黏附和增殖.通过调整丝素水溶液的浓度、溶解丝素溶剂体系、NaCl添加量和NaCl粒径,制备出结构和性质可以调控的三维支架.该结果为丝素多孔支架材料的制备提供了新的研究思路和方法.     

EEG-based asynchronous BCI control of a car in 3D virtual reality environments

Brain computer interface (BCI) aims at creating new communication channels without depending on brain’s normal output channels of peripheral nerves and muscles. However, natural and sophisticated interactions manner between brain and computer still remain challenging. In this paper, we investigate how the duration of event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) caused by motor imagery (MI) can be modulated and used as an additional control parameter beyond simple binary decisions. Furthermore, using the non-time-locked properties of sustained (de)synchronization, we have developed an asynchronous BCI system for driving a car in 3D virtual reality environment (VRE) based on cumulative incremental control strategy. The extensive real time experiments confirmed that our new approach is able to drive smoothly a virtual car within challenging VRE only by the MI tasks without involving any muscular activities. Supported by the National High-Tech Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006AA01Z125) and the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2005CB724301)     

新立城水库三维地理信息系统的构建

针对当前新立城水库信息化管理缺乏三维决策功能的问题,从数据预处理、数据库的设计与建立、基于Sketch Up构筑物的三维建模、三维场景的建立、系统功能开发几个方面论述了新立城水库三维地理信息系统的建立过程,系统建成将为水库管理提供三维可视化和空间分析等辅助决策功能.     

数字航空博物馆三维场景的构建

讨论了如何运用新的三维图形技术X3D和Java3D技术进行基于Web的交互式三维场景的创建。给出了数字航空博物馆三维场景构建的系统结构，然后讨论了X3D在航空博物馆虚拟飞行和导弹发射系统中的应用，结合实例分析了X3D技术的优势和Java对X3D对象控制；最后针对飞机虚拟拼装的实现，阐明基于Web的Java3D技术的应用。     

基于X3D的个性化产品定制研究

提出了应用X3D技术实现个性化产品的参数化定制.研究了X3D的映射与X3D动态生成,用XML表示的CAD信息交换、个性化产品定制系统的空间数据模型.解决了XML编码中遇到的XML文档数据结构选择、设计XML数据结构时元素与属性的选择、XML文档内容的选择和XML文档显示等问题.在理论研究的基础上进行了基于X3D技术的个性化产品定制系统开发,并以气缸的个性化定制为例验证了系统的参数化定制过程.研究成果为基于互联网的个性化产品的参数化定制提供了一种切实可行的新方法.     

Expert System for 3D Collar Intelligent Design

A method to set up 3D collar prototype is developed in this paper by using the technique of cubic spline and bicubic surface patch. Then the relationship between the parameters of 3D collar prototype and different collar styles are studied. Based on the relationship, we can develop some algorithmsof transferring style requirements to the parameters value of the collar prototype, and obtain some generation rules for the design of 3D collar style. As such, the knowledge base can be constructed, and the intelligent design system of 3D collar style is built. Using the system, various 3D collar styles can be designed automatically to satisfy various style requirements.     

基于多尺度3D卷积神经网络的行为识别方法

近年来卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)在行为识别任务中取得了较大的进展.然而,现有的神经网络方法往往只注重高层语义信息的利用,对浅层特征信息挖掘利用不够.针对这一问题,提出一种基于3D卷积(convolution 3D,C3D)的多尺度3D卷积神经网络的行为识别方法.该方法受到特征金字塔结构的启发,在原C3D的基础上融合C3D的浅层特征信息,实现端到端的行为识别.同时该方法以现有的深度学习理论为基础,利用迁移学习的思想,将C3D和该方法中相同模块部分的参数迁移到本方法中,以降低模型的训练时间.通过在UCF101数据集上进行实验,实验结果表明,提出行为识别方法的分类精度达到84.56％,分类效果优于原C3D分类网络.     

混凝土坝浇筑过程三维动态可视化仿真

通过集成化方法来研究混凝土坝浇筑过程三维动态可视化仿真,讨论了仿真计算系统与三维动态可视化系统(GIS系统)的建模及系统可视化问题,设计了仿真系统与可视化系统的集成模式,实现了系统的界面可视化、过程与结果的可视化和真三维地形环境的大坝三维动态可视化,并具体介绍了仿真系统及三维动态可视化的实现过程.最后给出了一个混凝土坝仿真研究的成功实例.     

基于VC和3D建模的关节型机器人仿真技术

首先介绍了机器人技术中关节型机器人(即机械手)的技术,又介绍了三维图形处理技术,最后介绍了VC 环境下的三维机械手建模技术和实时控制方式,并给出一个具体实例.     

Disc-Electrospun PCL Nanofiber Formed Micro-patterned Structure Scaffold

Disc-electrospinning using a disc as spinneret and a rotary drum as collector is a novel technology to prepare nanofiber which has been applied in tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, nanofibrous mats with mlcro-patterned structure were fabricated via disc-electrospinning. Poly （ε-eaprolactone） （PCL） was dissolved in trifluoroethanol （TFE） at various concentrations （ 2 %-7 % ） （w/v） for electrospinning and the applied voltage ranged from 40 to 70 kV. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） was employed to observe the morphology of the nanofibrous scaffolds. SEM images illustrated that the nanofibers with beads formed micro-patterned structure such as triangles and other polygons. The average diameter of nanofibers presented various size with the concentration increased from 2% to 7%. The beads on the nanofibers constructed the vertexes of the polygons, while nanofibers bridged between adjacent vertexes. The concentration of solution and applied voltage may be two dominant factors to influence the topological structure of the nanofibrons scaffolds. Cells cultured on the micro-patterned scaffold spread along the edges of the polygons. The scaffold with patterned structure may have a promising application in tissue engineering.     

微细电火花三维加工中电极损耗补偿新方法

为解决微细电火花三维加工中存在的电极损耗问题,提出了一种使线性补偿法与均匀损耗法相结合的新的补偿方法.加工实验结果表明,使用这一新补偿方法可明显提高三维微细电火花加工的加工效率和底面粗糙度,并且减少电极损耗.与均匀损耗法相比,电极损耗长度可减少17.8%,表面粗糙度可降低9.9%,材料去除速率可提高10.1%.     

Strontium Substituted Nanohydroxyapatite Incorporated 3D Printing Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

The customized implants which are composed of polycaprolactone( PCL) and strontium substituted nanohydroxyapatite( SrHA) were fabricated successfully by using fused deposition modeling( FDM),which is a simple 3 D printing technology for fabricating personalized products. The physical and chemical properties of composite scaffolds were characterized by transmission electron microscopy( TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( FTIR), X-Ray diffraction( XRD) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy( ICPAES). The results suggested that strontium element was successfully doped into nanohydroxyapatite and all scaffolds showed the homogeneous network structure. Furthermore, the in vitro biocompatibility of the scaffolds was evaluated by cell counting kit-8( CCK-8) assay. The data indicated that the prepared scaffolds exhibited excellent biocompatibility to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells( BMSCs). Besides,strontium element can be released from PCL-SrHA scaffolds in a sustained manner. Therefore,the 3 D printing PCL-SrHA scaffolds hold great potential for bone tissue engineering.     

Dexamethasone-Loaded PLGA Microspheres Incorporated PLLA/PLGA/PCL Composite Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

The combination of micro-carriers and polymer scaffolds as promising bone grafts have attracted considerable interest in recent decades.The poly(L-lactic acid)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/polycaprolactone(PLLA/PLGA/PCL)composite scaffold with porous structure was fabricated by thermally induced phase separation(TIPS).Dexamethasone(DEX)was incorporated into PLGA microspheres and then loaded on the PLLA/PLGA/PCL scaffoldtopreparethedesiredcompositescaffold.The physicochemical properties of the prepared composite scaffold were characterized.The morphology of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)grown on scaffolds was observed using scanning electron microscope(SEM)and fluorescence microscope.The resultsshowedthatthePLLA/PLGA/PCLscaffoldhad interconnected macropores and biomimetic nanofibrous structure.In addition,DEX can be released from scaffold in a sustained manner.More importantly,DEX loaded composite scaffold can effectively support the proliferation of BMSCs as indicated by fluorescence observation and cell proliferation assay.The results suggested that the prepared PLLA/PLGA/PCL composite scaffold incorporating drug-loaded PLGA microspheres could hold great potential for bone tissue engineering applications.     

3D printed titanium scaffolds with ordered TiO2 nanotubular surface and mesoporous bioactive glass for bone repair

Titanium alloy scaffolds have recently gained substantial interest for the treatment of critical-size bone defect, particularly along with the maturity of the 3D printing technology that is capable of turning scaffold design ideas into real implants. As titanium alloys lack surface osteogenic activity, for improved biological performance of such scaffolds, surface modification is necessary. Various coating materials and coating methods have been explored. In this study, we developed a unique surface modification method to provide the surface of 3D printed titanium scaffolds with nano-sized structure and bioactive agent. Uniform, ordered TiO₂ nanotube arrays were formed by applying two-step anodization, and then mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) was loaded into nanotubes. The results of in vitro immersion testing showed that bioactive ions, i.e., Si and Ca ions, could be steadily and continuously released from MBG into basal medium. The assessment of the responses of hBMSCs confirmed that the surface-modified scaffolds supported the adhesion and proliferation of hBMSCs, indicating good surface cytocompatibility. The developed method of combining surface nanostructure and bioactive agent could be used as a new strategy to improve the osteogenic activity of 3D printed titanium alloy scaffolds.