细胞内圆柱形空间钙波的Fire-Diffuse-Fire模型

考察Fire-Diffuse-Fire模型在圆柱区域内钙波的传播情况.通过求解扩散方程,得到了圆柱区域内Ca2+浓度的解析表达式.分析证明了钙波的存在性、稳定性依赖于半径和Ca2+泵率,产生钙释放的阈值在有限区间内随半径增大而增大.此结果有助于了解细胞内的内质网以及Ca2+泵在细胞Ca2+动力学上的作用.     

植物细胞NO,Ca~(2+)和蛋白激酶的信号交叉

一氧化氮(NO)是植物体内重要的信号分子,生物和非生物的刺激都能使NO与胞内第2信使Ca2+和蛋白激酶产生相互作用.以动物细胞NO - Ca2+信号途径为基础,列举了植物NO信号途径中Ca2+和多种蛋白激酶的可能作用,论述了植物细胞中NO,Ca2+和蛋白激酶的信号交叉.     

STDIn的耐受性研究及其在影响研究中的应用

细胞Ca2+紊乱常常是与氧化应急相关的机体功能异常的基础,诸如心律不齐、局部缺血再灌流、神经变性和缺氧再给氧等.为了深入探讨这些现象产生的机理,大量研究以细胞外产生活性氧(或利用可诱发胞内氧化作用发生的化合物)并采用Ca2+荧光探针来探测细胞内Ca2+的变化.     

荚膜红假单胞菌类胡萝卜素的稳定性能初探

从荚膜红假单胞菌细胞中提取类胡萝卜素,探讨光照、pH、金属离子、温度和氧化还原剂等对色素稳定性的影响.结果表明,光、温度、酸碱、Fe+3、Cu+2、H2O2和Na2SO3对荚膜红假单胞菌类胡萝卜素的稳定性均有较大影响,而金属离子Na+、Ca+2、K+、Zn+2与抗坏血酸对色素稳定性无影响.荚膜红假单胞菌类胡萝卜素在中性pH下、避光4℃冷藏,其稳定性较好.     

蚕豆上、下表皮气孔运动光/暗响应机制

比较了光/暗对蚕豆上、下表皮气孔运动的调节作用.结果显示:光/暗调控的蚕豆上、下表皮气孔运动均涉及保卫细胞H2O2、NO、Ca2+、促分裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶(MAPKK)、钙依赖蛋白激酶(CDPK)和酪氨酸蛋白磷酸酶(PTP)的变化,下表皮气孔对光/暗更敏感,而且暗中下表皮保卫细胞H2O2、NO、Ca2+、CDPK和PTP水平高于上表皮保卫细胞.另外,胞内Ca2+库Ca2+释放对暗诱导下表皮保卫细胞Ca2+增加的效应显著大于对暗诱导上表皮保卫细胞Ca2+增加的效应.     

ATP刺激巨噬细胞[Ca2+]i升高和氧自由基增加及大黄酸的抑制作用研究

研究了ATP刺激的大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞[Ca2 ]i升高与氧自由基(ROS)产生的关系和大黄酸抑制作用特征.提取大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,利用Ca2 探针Fura-2检测单细胞胞内自由Ca2 浓度([Ca2 ]i)变化,同时利用NBT还原反应强度检测同一细胞ROS产生能力.结果发现无ATP刺激的巨噬细胞的ROS产生量较低;1mmol/L ATP刺激巨噬细胞单细胞后诱发[Ca2 ]i显著升高由胞内Ca2 释放和胞外Ca2 内流组成,同时ROS产生增强2倍;胞外无Ca2 条件下ROS产生随着[Ca2 ]i下降而减少.10-5和10-4mol/L浓度大黄酸对1mmol/L ATP刺激巨噬细胞单细胞的[Ca2 ]i升高和ROS产生有剂量依赖性的抑制作用;多细胞的统计分析表明10-5和10-4mol/L浓度大黄酸分别抑制了[Ca2 ]i峰值的49%和84%,同时抑制了ROS产生的59%和81%.因此认为ATP刺激大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞诱发的[Ca2 ]i升高介导了ROS的产生,大黄酸剂量依赖性的抑制ATP刺激的细胞[Ca2 ]i升高和ROS产生能力,并提示大黄酸抑制细胞[Ca2 ]i升高是其抑制ROS产生的重要机制.     

钙释放激活钙离子通道的发现及研究现状

Ca2+释放激活Ca2+(CRAC)通道是位于非兴奋性细胞质膜上的慢Ca2+通道,是非兴奋性细胞(尤其T淋巴细胞和HEK 293细胞)中胞外Ca2+进入细胞内的主要途径.Ca2+内流是T淋巴细胞激活的最重要的生理生化特征之一.Orai1蛋白单体是组成CRAC通道的亚基,4个Orai1蛋白亚基构成一个四聚体CRAC通道.内质网Ca2+浓度的降低使得STIM1发生定向运动并产生聚集,从而激活了CRAC通道.STIM1蛋白把内质网Ca2+的损耗与CRAC通道上的Ca2+内流联系起来,行使了Ca2+浓度感受器的功能.     

非洲爪蟾卵母细胞内的螺旋钙波和靶波

该文应用定态线性化的Atri模型方程，描述非洲爪蟾(Xenopus Laevis)卵母细胞内钙波的生成和演化。在忽略细胞边界影响的近似下，得到了爪蟾卵母细胞内螺旋钙波和靶波的解析解。对于远离细胞中心的渐近情形，对应的螺旋波为Archimede型。由此得到的波速、波长和周期均与实验和数值模拟结果吻合。并指出IP3R失活常数必须大于2．43s，才能产生胞内周期钙波。     

百日咳毒素与霍乱毒素对乙酰胆碱诱导气孔运动的影响

在动物细胞中神经递质乙酰胆碱与其受体结合后,通过G蛋白的偶联传递信号.在植物中,乙酰胆碱也普遍存在并参与调节许多生理过程.乙酰胆碱及其受体参与了气孔运动的调节,G蛋白的激活剂霍乱毒素与抑制剂百日咳毒素影响乙酰胆碱诱导的气孔开放,而且仅在含Ca 2+ 的介质中才能起作用;同时用Ca 2+ 荧光探针Fluo-3检测保卫细胞胞质Ca 2+ 动态变化,表明乙酰胆碱的胞内信号转导中有Ca 2+ 的参与.由此推测在毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体介导乙酰胆碱诱导的气孔运动中,可能存在与G蛋白偶联的信号转导.     

野木瓜注射液及其提取物对脊髓神经元的氧化保护和生长促进

研究野木瓜注射液(IS)及其提取物(AI)对氧化损伤脊髓神经元的保护和对未损伤脊髓神经元生长的影响.方法:通过MTT法和细胞外液LDH漏出量的测定检测IS对未损伤的脊髓神经元细胞存活率的影响;建立H2O2氧化损伤模型,通过MTT法、胞内SOD活力和细胞外液LDH漏出量的测定研究IS对H2O2氧化损伤脊髓神经元的细胞保护作用;运用激光共聚焦显微镜研究氧化受损及IS保护对脊髓神经元胞浆内Ca2+浓度变化的影响.结果表明:当浓度为100～200 mg/L时,IS能显著地促进离体培养的小鼠脊髓神经元氧化受损的修复,神经元存活率得到显著的提高,胞内SOD活力显著地增加和LDH漏出量显著地减少,同时胞内Ca2+超载显著地被抑制;未受损的脊髓神经元在200 mg/L IS作用下LDH漏出量显著地减少,细胞存活率显著地提高;AI3对能显著地提高氧化受损脊髓神经元的存活率.     

重组GATA4腺病毒的构建及心肌细胞感染

利用AdEasy腺病毒表达系统构建了GATA4基因过表达腺病毒.编码大鼠GATA4基因的目的片段克隆入pAdTrackcmv质粒,pAdTtrackcmv-GATA4穿梭质粒经PmeⅠ线性化后转入含pAdEasy-1的BJ5183菌进行同源重组.pAdEsay-GATA4重组质粒经卡那霉素抗性筛选及PacⅠ酶切鉴定.pAdEsay-GATA4转入293A细胞进行包装,产生具有感染性的重组病毒.Ad-GATA4重组病毒感染HeLa及乳鼠心肌细胞,通过免疫印迹及实时定量聚合酶链反应(Real-time PCR)检测GATA4表达及促心肌肥大效应.Ad-GATA4重组病毒感染乳鼠心肌细胞后,诱导心肌细胞表面积明显增加,ANF表达明显增强.结果表明,Ad-GATA4腺病毒成功感染心肌细胞并诱导了大鼠心肌肥大表型的出现.     

New dynamic model for non-Fickian diffusion of calcium spark in cardiac myocytes

A new dynamic model for non-Fickian diffusion of calcium spark in cardiac myocytes was developed by introducing time lags on the basis of the microscale mass transport theory. Numerical simulation showed that the size of the calcium spark produced by the new dynamic model was larger than that of Fick diffusion and was in more agreement with experimental results. In addition, the time lags of the calcium spark in cardiac myocytes were about 0.1--0.8 ms. These results can be used to understand the mechanism of calcium spark diffusion in cardiac myocytes.     

Regulations of thyroid hormone on cardiac protein kinase C signal pathway in vitro

The experiments were conducted to assess the influences of thyroid hormone on cardiac protein kinase C(PKC) signal pathway with cultured cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts as the models. Cells were pretreated with 1% newborn calf serum (NCS) or angiotensin II (Ang II), and then following by a triiodothyronine (T3) treatment. The PKC activity, PKC_α and PKC_ε expressions were analyzed and compared. In 1% NCS pretreatment, T3 could inhibit PKC activity and PKC_ε expression in cardiac myocytes. The AngII pretreatment led to an increase of PKC activity and PKC_ε expression in cardiac myocytes, and an increase of PKC activity in cardiac fibroblasts. Following by T3 treatment, the increased PKC activity and PKC_ε expression in cardiac myocytes were markedly decreased. In conclusion, whether in 1% NCS or in Ang II pretreatment, T3 could inhibit PKC activity and PKC_ε expression in cardiac myocytes. Foundation item: Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (98091) Biography: WANG Bao-hua (1974-), female, Ph. D, research direction: cardiovascular pathophysiology.     

Gene product expression of cyclin D<Subscript>2</Subscript> and p16 during the transition from cardiac myocyte hyperplasia to hypertrophy

The current study was to investigate mRNA expression of cyclin D₂ and p16 during the transition from cardiac myocyte hyperplasia to hypertrophy. Cultured cardiac myocytes (CM) and fibroblasts (FC) obtained from 1-day-old Sparague-Dawley rats were used in this study. We have determined (1) hyperplasia by cell growth curve and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS); and (2) ultrastructure by electron microscope observation; and (3) expresions of cyclin D₂ mRNA and p16 mRNA by using in situ hybridization and image analysis. The results were shown (1) Results of cell growth curve and FACS analysis showed CM could proliferate in the first 3 cultured days (4 days in postnatal development). But the ability decreased quickly, concomitant with the differentiation. (2) The ultrastructure of CM showed the large amount of myofilaments and mitochondrion and FC showed moderate amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum. (3) The expression of cyclin D₂ mRNA in 3−, 4−, 5−day CM group was 0.89 times (p<0.05), 0.80 times (p<0.05) and 0.56 times (p<0.01) of that in 1-day group respectively. P16 mRNA in 2−, 3−, 4−, 5−day CM group were 1.63 times (p<0.01), 1.72 times (p<0.01), 1.99 times (p<0.01) and 2.84 times (p<0.01) of that in 1−day group respectively. It can be concluded that cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes could proliferate during the first 3 cultured days, but the ability of proliferation decreased, from the fourth day, concomitant with differentiation. Cyclin D₂ and p16 have the key roles during the transition from myocyte hyperplasia to hypertrophy. Biography: Zhang Yu-xia (1974-), female, Master, research direction: cardiovascular pathology.     

Regulations of Thyroid Hormone on Cardiac Protein Kinase C Signal Pathway in vitro

The experiments were conducted to assess the influences of thyroid hormone on cardiac protein kinase C(PKC) signal pathway with cultured cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts as the models. Cells were pretreated with 1% newborn calf serum (NCS) or angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ), and then following by a triiodothyronine (T3) treatment. The PKC activity, PKCa and PKCε expressions were analyzed and compared. In 1% NCS pretreatment, T3 could inhibit PKC activity and PKCε expression in cardiac myocytes. The AngⅡ pretreatment led to an increase of PKC acUvity and PKCε expression in cardiac myocytes, and an increase of PKC activity in cardiac fibroblasts. Following by T3 treatment, the increased PKC activity and PKCε expression in cardiac myocytes were markedly decreased. In conclusion, whether in 1% NCS or in Ang lI pretreatment, T3 could inhibit PKC activity and PKCε expression in cardiac myocytes.     

新生大鼠心肌细胞原代培养方法的改进

探讨更为简单的SD大鼠心肌细胞原代培养的方法,使分离的心肌细胞达到理想的存活率和纯度,为临床应用建立心肌细胞模型.取出生24 h内SD大鼠的左心室,剪碎、消化、分离和纯化,进行培养,0.1 g/L胰酶消化,可以分离到形态完整、贴壁生长的心肌细胞.进一步通过离心、差速贴壁和化学试剂抑制非心肌细胞生长,纯化得到95%以上的心肌细胞.成功建立了心肌细胞体外培养模型,获得了高纯度的心肌细胞.     

Gene Product Expression of Cyclin D2 and p16 During the Transition from Cardiac Myocyte Hyperplasia to Hypertrophy

The current study was to investigate mRNA expression of cyclin D2 and p16 during the transition from cardiac myocyte hyperplasia to hypertrophy. Cultured cardiac myocytes (CM) and fibroblasts (FC) obtained from 1-day-old Sparague-Dawley rats were used in this study. We have determined (1) hyperplasia by cell growth curve and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS); and (2) ultrastructure by electron microscope observation; and (3) expressions of cyclin D2 mRNA and p16 mRNA by using in situ hybridization and image analysis. The results were shown (1) Results of cell growth curve and FACS analysis showed CM could proliferate in the first 3 cultured days (4 days in postnatal development). But the ability decreased quickly, concomitant with the differentiation. (2) The ultrastructure of CM showed the large amount of myofilaments and mitochondrion and FC showed moderate amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum. (3) The expression of cyclin D2 mRNA in 3-, 4-, 5-day CM group was 0.89 times(p<0.05), 0.80 times (p<0.05)and 0.56 times (p<0.01)of that in 1-day group respectively. P16 mRNA in 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-day CM group were 1.63 times(p<0.01),1.72 times(p<0.01),1.99 times (p<0.01)and 2.84 times (p<0.01) of that in 1-day group respectively. It can be concluded that cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes could proliferate during the first 3 cultured days, but the ability of proliferation decreased, from the fourth day, concomitant with differentiation. Cyclin D2 and p16 have the key roles during the transition from myocyte hyperplasia to hypertrophy.     

DFO对心肌细胞铁代谢的影响

观察去铁胺(DFO)对原代培养的心肌细胞铁代谢的影响,探讨DFO对心肌细胞铁代谢的影响机制.用原代培养的乳鼠心肌细胞为材料,以不同浓度的DFO孵育细胞,然后检测心肌细胞存活率、搏动频率以及铁转运相关蛋白CP,HP,FP1的表达变化.结果表明:各剂量DFO对心肌细胞存活率无明显影响;心肌细胞搏动频率减慢,停止跳动的细胞数量明显增加,收缩幅度逐渐降低;随着DFO浓度的增加,心肌细胞CP和HP的表达增加而FP1表达减少.由此可以看出,DFO不影响心肌细胞的存活率,但影响细胞的生活状态,也影响心肌细胞内CP,HP和FP1蛋白的表达.     

Navigating the signalling network in mouse cardiac myocytes

Cardiac myocytes have a complex network of signals that regulates their essential role in the rhythmic pumping of the heart. This network is an appealing model system in which to study the basic principles underlying cellular signalling mechanisms. Progress in this effort has come through the establishment of standardized myocyte isolation and culture procedures and characterization of important signalling responses.