南瓜醇提物对DNA损伤的保护及体外抗氧化研究

采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术,检测南瓜醇提物(ethanol extract from pumpkin,EEP)对因紫外线照射过氧化氢(H2O2)产生羟自由基(·OH)而引发质粒pUCl8 DNA链断裂的保护作用.用化学体系模拟法测定EEP对1,1-二苯基-2-苦苯肼自由基(DPPH·)和·OH的清除能力;将Fe3 还原成Fe2 的能力以及在β-胡萝卜素/亚油酸自氧化体系中的总抗氧化能力.结果表明,EEP在浓度为12.0 mg/mL时能有效保护DNA的氧化损伤,对DPPH·和·OH的清除能力较强,IC50值分别为18.8 mg/mL和44.9 μg/mL时有显著的还原力和总抗氧化力.EEP具有较强的体外抗氧化活性.     

葡萄籽粗多糖的体内外抗氧化作用

为了研究葡萄籽粗多糖(crude polysaccharides from grape seeds,GSCPs)体外抗氧化作用及对秀丽隐杆线虫的体内抗氧化作用,采用水提醇沉法提取GSCPs,检测GSCPs对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基和羟自由基的清除作用及对DNA氧化损伤的抑制作用;建立RAW 264.7巨噬细胞氧化损伤模型,在细胞水平探讨GSCPs的抗氧化能力;同时利用秀丽隐杆线虫研究GSCPs的体内抗氧化功能。体外实验结果表明:GSCPs可有效清除自由基,抑制DNA的氧化损伤,质量浓度为0.4mg/mL的GSCPs对DPPH自由基的清除率达84%,对羟自由基清除率为89%;GSCPs可以下调H₂O₂诱导的RAW 264.7巨噬细胞活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平,正向调节细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活性,质量浓度为0.2mg/mL的GSCPs处理组可使细胞内SOD活性从H₂O₂处理组的81.1%升至96.3%,GSH-Px活性从H₂O₂处理组的92.1%升至99.6%。此外,GSCPs可延长秀丽隐杆线虫寿命,提高其对抗急性氧化应激的能力,有效清除秀丽隐杆线虫体内的ROS。质量浓度为0.8mg/mL GSCPs处理组秀丽隐杆线虫的平均寿命较对照组延长27.67%,将急性氧化应激的秀丽隐杆线虫平均存活时间延长33.58%,秀丽隐杆线虫体内ROS生成量较对照组可降低56.33%。因此,葡萄籽粗多糖在体内外均表现出良好的抗氧化性,可用于抗氧化功能产品的开发。     

藏红花花瓣粗多糖的体外抗氧化活性研究

采用水提醇沉法提取藏红花花瓣中的多糖,得率为3.75%.联合蒽酮-硫酸法和DNS法测得多糖纯度为68.34%.对粗多糖的体外抗氧化活性进行测定,结果表明,粗多糖具有一定的抗氧化活性,抗氧化能力指数(ORAC)值为0.572μmol TE/mg;其对ABTS+、DPPH和羟自由基具有一定的清除能力,半数清除浓度EC50分别为76.26μg/mL、165.5μg/mL和880.4μg/mL.     

脱脂沙苑子乙醇提取物的体外抗氧化活性研究

通过测定脱脂沙苑子乙醇提取物(ESA)对1,1-二苯基-2-苦苯肼自由基(DPPH·)、超氧阴离子自由基(O-·2)和羟基自由基(·OH)的清除能力、对Fe2 诱导的脂质过氧化反应的抑制作用、还原力和总抗氧化力,评价ESA的体外抗氧化活性,并与公认的抗氧化剂维生素C作了对照.结果表明,ESA有一定的DPPH·清除能力(IC50=419.1μg/mL)、较强的超氧阴离子清除能力(IC50=117.9μg/mL)和羟基自由基清除能力(IC50=224.4μg/mL),能有效的抑制脂质过氧化(IC50=1.70 mg/mL),有良好的总抗氧化力,说明沙苑子具有明显的抗氧化活性.     

荔枝果肉多糖级分的抗氧化和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性研究

为了探究不同荔枝果肉多糖级分的理化性质、抗氧化能力和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性差异,采用DEAE-52离子交换树脂分离纯化得到2种荔枝果肉多糖级分LPI和LPII,比较两者的中性糖、糖醛酸和蛋白质含量,并采用氧自由基清除能力(ORAC)和细胞抗氧化(CAA)评价其抗氧化活性,采用对-硝基酚-α-D吡喃葡萄糖苷(PNPG)法探究其 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。研究结果表明LPII含有较多的中性糖和蛋白质,较少的糖醛酸,表现出更强的抗氧化和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,其中LPI和LPII的 ORAC和CAA值分别是24.51,30.08μmol/g和5.36,8.72μmol/g,其抑制α-葡萄糖苷的IC₅₀值分别是0.33,0.26mg/mL。荔枝果肉多糖的生物活性与其中性糖和蛋白质含量密切相关。     

小花忍冬叶提取物的抗氧化活性

通过T-AOC法、DPPH法、Fenton法体外抗氧化试验,对小花忍冬叶乙醇提取物的各个萃取部位进行抗氧化活性研究.结果表明,小花忍冬叶5种提取物均具有不同程度的抗氧化活性,乙酸乙酯部分羟自由基清除活性最强,IC_(50)值为67.0μg/mL;清除DPPH·自由基IC_(50)为7.2μg/mL,均高于对照Vc.研究结果提示小花忍冬叶乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯萃取部分具有很强的抗氧化活性,可作为一种新型的天然抗氧化剂和自由基清除剂,具有良好的开发前景.     

低共熔溶剂提取黄精多糖工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

选用不同离子组合的低共熔溶剂提取黄精多糖,筛选确定尿素-氯化胆碱低共熔溶剂提取黄精多糖效果最好,随后在单因素考察的基础上,采用响应面分析法优化尿素-氯化胆碱低共熔溶剂提取黄精多糖的工艺条件,并进行了低共熔溶剂重复利用对多糖提取率和含量的影响研究。通过测定总抗氧化能力、超氧阴离子(O-₂)自由基和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除率考察黄精多糖体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:低共熔溶剂提取黄精多糖的优化工艺参数为温度70℃、尿素-氯化胆碱物质的量比1.19、时间42.30min、液料比20.75mL/g,此条件下的多糖提取率为18.55%,较预测值相对误差为2.69%,比传统的热水浸提法增加了139.97%。低共熔溶剂重复利用不仅对黄精多糖提取率没有影响,在重复利用第3次时提取率最高,较新鲜溶剂提高了83.9%;而且黄精多糖含量随重复次数增加呈不断增加后趋于稳定的趋势,重复利用4、5次后多糖含量基本趋于稳定,达到63.48%、64.12%,说明其纯度不断提高。黄精多糖的O-₂自由基清除能力、DPPH自由基清除能力、总抗氧化能力随质量浓度的增加而增加;在测定的质量浓度范围内,清除O-₂自由基和DPPH自由基的IC₅₀分别为0.524、0.951mg/mL,总抗氧化能力最高为241.2μg/mL。因此,低共熔溶剂法是一种效率高、清洁环保的新型黄精多糖提取方法。     

酵母酶解物对HUVEC细胞氧化损伤的保护机制

为探讨酵母酶解物(YH)对H2 O2引起的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)氧化损伤的保护机制,研究了YH的抗氧化活性.结果显示:YH对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)清除的半数效应浓度(EC50)为1.85 mg/mL,具有良好的抗氧化活性;高剂量(500μg/mL)的YH可以极显著地减轻H2 O2对HUVEC...     

多种体系中NaHS抗氧化活性的研究

采用邻苯三酚自氧化法、硫代巴比妥酸比色法、DMPD法、甲基紫法和SDS-PAGE法,检测了NaHS对超氧阴离子的清除能力、脂质过氧化的抑制作用、DMPD.+自由基的清除能力、清除羟自由基的能力及蛋白质氧化降解的保护作用.研究结果表明,NaHS在各体系中均具有很强的作用,且呈浓度依赖关系.脂质过氧化的半抑制浓度为22.04μg/mL,对超氧阴离子、DMPD和羟自由基的半清除率分别为3.44、1.26和54.07μg/mL,活性均远高于人工合成抗氧化剂Trolox.对蛋白质的氧化损伤在2μg/mL时已有明显的保护作用,作用也比Trolox强.这些结果表明NaHS在这些反应系统中均表现出突出的抗氧化活性.     

羊肚菌等9种食用菌抗氧化活性研究

通过对DPPH自由基清除能力、还原能力和清除羟基自由基能力的研究,比较羊肚菌、圆孢蘑菇、杏鲍菇、香菇、圆菇、白玉菇、平菇、金针菇和姬菇的甲醇提取物的抗氧化能力。结果显示:9种食用菌甲醇提取物具有不同程度的抗氧化活性,其中圆孢蘑菇甲醇提取物对DPPH自由基清除能力最强,其EC_(50)值为346.50μg/mL,羊肚菌甲醇提取物的铁氰化钾还原力最强,平菇甲醇提取物的羟基自由基清除能力最强,其EC_(50)为863.74μg/mL。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-