机场沥青混凝土道面剩余寿命预测方法研究

道面结构的剩余寿命是机场中长期维护和改造计划编制的基础,对于机场的运营管理和优化决策具有重要意义.基于“道面族”概念的道面状况指数(PCI)预测模型是目前应用广泛且发展得较为成熟的经验回归预测模型.但是,PCI预测模型的传统建模方法是以长期、大量的数据积累为基础的,而我国民用机场的道面评价工作则刚刚开始专业化、制度化,相关数据比较匮乏.因此,通过对道面使用性能衰变规律的研究,利用现有数据资源,以上海虹桥国际机场为依托,通过回归分析建立了沥青混凝土跑道道面的国际平整度指数(IRI)与累计交通量的关系和IRI—PCI关系.以此为基础,构建了机场沥青混凝土跑道道面的PCI预测模型,应用该模型能够较为准确地预测沥青混凝土跑道道面剩余使用寿命.     

机场道面使用性能的动态自回归预测模型

针对我国机场道面性能观测时间短,观测数据少,使用现有模型预测精度低,不能根据观测值动态更新预测模型等现状,提出了将卡尔曼滤波应用于时间序列预测的方法,建立了动态自回归预测模型,进行机场道面使用性能的预估.选取我国华东某机场的实测道面状况指数为基础数据,进行时间序列建模,应用卡尔曼滤波算法实现时间序列模型参数的实时更新,分析模型的预测效果.时间序列数据较少时,难以建立高精度的自回归模型,通过卡尔曼滤波处理建立的动态自回归预测模型精度明显提高.     

混合效应模型在道面状态转移概率估计中的应用分析

为研究混合效应Logistic模型确定马尔可夫状态转移概率矩阵的方法及效果,以道面结构厚度、道面使用时间、状态等级和交通量等因素变量为固定效应,以截距为随机效应,建立混合效应Logistic模型.采用多个机场积累的道面实测PCI值为数据源,估计模型参数并作实例分析.结果表明:①应用混合效应Logistic模型可分析多因素对道面使用性能的影响,获得非齐次状态转移概率矩阵,实现道面使用性能马尔可夫动态预测,显著改善概率预测的精度;②混合效应Logistic模型中随机效应能够反映道面数据内不可观测的异质性,降低模型残差的相关性,提高固定效应参数估计的可靠性;③通过对混合效应Logistic模型随机效应参数bi的估计,可得到数据源内任意个体道面的状态转移概率矩阵,克服传统方法多次建模及数据不足的困难,从而实现对特定道面的性能预测.     

机场复合道面性能预估的非线性混合效应模型

针对中国机场复合道面使用性能数据少、刚性道面数据较多的实际情况,采用非线性混合效应模型,并且联合2个数据源进行参数估计,建立了机场复合道面使用性能预测模型;通过对中国60多个机场的数据计算分析,估计了该模型参数,并分析了拟合效果。研究结果表明:非线性混合效应模型能够有效分解道面使用性能面板观测数据间存在的异方差,使残差满足正态假设并获得满意的拟合效果;非线性混合效应模型和联合估计方法一方面能解决部分个体观测数据不足的问题,另一方面提高了参数估计的稳定性和精度;非线性混合效应模型既可获得数据样本的总体趋势,也可得到个体的性能曲线,而且比传统方法的预估精度更高,为分析道面使用性能面板数据提供了新的技术手段。     

三种模糊Markov链状预测模型

为了解决具有不确定信息的Markov链状预测问题,给出了"模糊状态-精确观测数据"、"精确状态-模糊观测数据"和"模糊状态-模糊观测数据"三类模糊Markov链状预测的模型,涵盖了具有不确定信息的Markov链状预测的各种形式,系统研究了三种模型下的状态转移概率确定方法与预测过程。该项工作使得模糊Markov链状预测模型问题趋于完善,为深入研究模糊Markov过程以及其它特殊的模糊随机过程提供了思路。     

基于线性混合效应模型的道面使用性能预测

针对道面状况指数(PCI)历史资料的面板数据特征,以多项式作为预测函数,将部分参数视为随机变量,建立二类线性混合效应模型.结果表明:线性混合效应模型能够有效分解变量之间的异方差,弥补传统回归模型的不足,为多区域道面使用性能数据分析提供新的技术方法;混合效应模型能够综合利用多区域信息,改进道面个体的参数估计,不仅解决部位道面个体因数据不足而无法获得模型参数的问题,而且显著提高了道面个体的预测精度.     

应用遗传算法和LM优化的BP神经网络模型预测机场道面使用性能

分析了影响道面使用性能的各种参数,结合BP神经网络和遗传算法来预测机场道面使用性能.通过遗传算法全局寻优功能对神经网络的初始权值和阈值进行优化,然后采用LM(Levenberg-Marquardt)优化算法对神经网络训练速度进行加速,并且使训练避免陷入局部极小点.通过历年数据对神经网络进行训练,用所得神经网络模型对机场道面使用性能进行预测.训练结果表明,该方法具有足够的精度,能够应用到工程实际中.     

基于Web日志挖掘的Markov预测模型及算法研究

通过Web日志挖掘技术可分析用户访问模式,从而为客户提供智能化、个性化服务。马尔可夫(Markov)模型的链式结构简便易行,适合作为一个预测模型来预测用户的页面访问模式。就此对Markov预测模型进行深入研究,描述了其实现算法,并结合实例对混合Markov预测模型方法进行了验证。     

基于马尔科夫滚动优化的锂电池寿命灰色预测研究

文章建立了一种电池容量的动态预测方法,提出了滚动优化GM(1,1)模型、残差修正滚动GM(1,1)模型和Markov残差修正滚动GM(1,1)预测模型。研究结果证明了3种模型具有极好的预测性能,只是残差GM(1,1)模型的精度比其他2个低一些。且发现在仅有4个数据点建立的残差修正滚动GM(1,1)模型与Markov残差修正滚动预测模型也有相当高的预测精度。通过预测不同电池在不同充放电条件及温度条件下的电容容量,验证了滚动优化模型的普遍适用性。     

基于Markov理论的立井冻结压力预测分析

为研究西部矿井井壁压力沿纵向和环向的分布规律,确定井壁设计的关键荷载参数,根据现场监测数据,构建基于Markov理论的立井井壁受压预测模型。该模型以有限的监测点数据预测未设置测点区域的井壁压力值,并给出预测值的可能概率。通过建模预测分析并对比实测数据表明:测点等间距分布时可采用Markov模型进行井壁压力预测;沿环向井壁压力可用正弦函数形式描述。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.