草鱼线粒体DNA酶切图谱的研究

用１０种限制性内切酶对草鱼肝脏线粒体ＤＮＡ进行了分析，其分子太小约１６．５８ｋｂ．ＰｓｔＩ，ＢａｍＨＩ，ＸｂａＩ，ＢｇｌＩ，ＨｉｎｄⅢ，ＢⅡ，ＰｖｕⅡ，ＸｈｏⅠ，ＥｃｏＲⅠ，ＳａｌⅠ在草鱼ｍｔＤＮＡ分子上分别具有２，３，３，４，７，３，６，２，４及０个切点。根据单酶解及双酶解结果建立了草鱼ｍｔＤＮＡ的限制性酶切图谱。     

小灵猫华东亚种线粒体DNA限制性位点图

提纯了小灵猫华东亚种（ＶｉｖｅｒｒｉｃｕｌａｉｎｄｉｃａｐａｌｉｄａＧｒａｙ）的肝脏ｍｔＤＮＡ．用ＢａｍＨⅠ、ＢｇｌⅡ、ＥｃｏＲⅤ、ＨｐａⅠ、ＫｐｎⅠ、ＭｌｕⅠ、ＰｓｔⅠ、ＰｖｕⅡ、ＳａｃⅡ、ＳａｌⅠ和ＸｈｏⅠ等１１种识别６碱基对的限制性内切酶对小灵猫华东亚种ｍｔＤＮＡ进行消化分析，１１种限制性内切酶均有１～５个位点；根据单酶消化和双酶消化片段的数目和分子量，构建了小灵猫华东亚种ｍｔＤＮＡ限制性位点图     

高等真菌LMPQ39基因文库的构建

以噬菌体λＥＭＢＬ３ＤＮＡ为载体，用ＢａｍＨＩ／ＥｃｏＲＩ双切酶切后，与Ｓａｕ３ＡＩ部分酶切的１０－２１ｋｂＤＮＡ片段连接，体外包装，感染Ｅ·ｃｏｌｉＬＥ３９２，所得重组子数为２．２１×１０４ｐｆｕ，超过建库所需的理论值．随机挑选的１４个克隆子，其ＤＮＡ用ＢａｍＨＩ酶切，有９个出现了不同于载体ＤＮＡ的酶切带型．     

长吻Wei肝脏线粒体DNA的研究

采用密度梯度离心法及ＤＮａｓｅ Ｉ、ＲＮａｓｅ消化法制备并纯化了长吻Ｗｅｉ肝脏线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｔ ＤＮＡ）。用９种限制性内切酬谢ｍｔ ＤＮＡ进行了分析。Ｘｈｏ Ⅰ，Ｂｇｌ Ⅱ、ＥｃｏＲ Ⅰ、Ｐｓｔ Ⅰ、Ｂｇｌ Ⅰ、ＢａｍＨ Ⅰ、Ｈｉｎｄ Ⅲ、Ｓａｌ Ⅰ在长吻Ｗｅｉ ｍｔＤＮＡ分子上分别具１、３、３、２、１、２、４、７、０个切点。ｍｔ ＤＮＡ分子量约１０．３１×１０＾６道尔顿，大小为１６．６９ｋｂ。根据     

人红细胞生成素受体膜外结构域在大肠杆菌中的融合表达及其纯化

将插入ｐＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｂｅ的人红细胞生成素受体ｃＤＮＡ,用ＥｃｏＲＩ和ＢａｍＨＩ酶解,分离得到的基因片段,插入到经ＥｃｏＲＩ和ＲａｍＨＩ消解的表达载体ｐＧＥＸ－３Ｘ中,得到重组表达质粒ｐＧＥＸ－３Ｘ／ｈＥＰＯＲ。重组质粒ｐＧＥＸ－３Ｘ／ｈＥＰＯＲ含有ｔａｃ启动子,ＥＰＯＲ膜外结构域基因５端与谷胱甘肽转移酶（ＧＳＴ）编码基因融合,阳性重组子在大肠杆菌中经ＩＰＴＧ诱导表达ＧＳＴ－ｈＥＰＯＲ,重组表达菌裂解上清液经ＧＳＨ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ亲和柱一步纯化,能除去绝大部分杂蛋白,基本达到纯化的效果。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和免疫杂交分析显示,重组表达产物确系人红细胞生成素受体     

牛酪蛋白cDNA基因克隆的改建

牛酪蛋白全长ｃＤＮＡ克隆ｐＢａＳ１ｃ１８４Ｘ ＧＬⅢ和ＣＯｒＩ双酶切，回收基中的酪蛋白基因编码片段，与经ＢａｍＨＩ，ＳｍａＩ双酶切的植物表达载体ｐＢＩ１２．１２分两步连接；第一步载体的ＢａｍＨＩ末端与酪蛋白基因的ＢｇｌⅡ粘性末端连接；第二步用Ｔ４ＤＮＡ多聚酶补平酪蛋白基因的ＥｃｏＴＲⅠ末端，再与载体ＳｍａⅠ进行平末端连接而环化。     

长爪沙鼠线粒休DNA限制物理图谱的研究

长爪沙鼠线粒体ＤＮＡ经分离提纯，采用ＢｚｍＨＩ，ＢｇｌⅡ，ＥｃｏＲⅠ和＊ＰｓｔⅠ四种内切酶对１３只长爪鼠ｍｔＤＭＡ进行了酶切分析。其中大多数长爪沙鼠酶切图谱相同，用上述四种酶切分别产生１、５、６、和３个片段，我们称之为Ａ型；另３只氏爪沙鼠经ＢｇｌⅡｉ和ＥｃｏＲ酶切后分别产生４个片段，称为Ｂ型。利用λ—ＤＮＡＨｉｎｄⅢ、ΦＸ—ｌ７４ＨＡＥⅢ、λ—ＤＮＡＢｓｔＥⅡ酶切片段作为标准，以琼脂糖凝胶电泳法测出长爪沙鼠ｍｔＤＮＡ内切片段大小，各种酶切片段分子量加起来均为１６．０５ｋｂ。经多次ＢａｍＨⅠ对ｍｔＤＮＡ单酶切，发现只有一个切点，以此切点为零点，分别与其它三种酶组合进行双酶切时，均未改变原来各酶单酶切片段大小，这说明另外三个酶均有一个切点接近零点。我们根据双酶解和不完全酶解片段的大小分析确定了各酶切片段之间的相对位置，绘制了ｍｔＤＮＡ的物理图谱。本次得到的长爪沙鼠的ｍｔＤＮＡ物理图谱是以ＢａｍＨⅠ酶切点为零点，ＰｓｔⅠ酶切片段ｃ→ａ为顺时针方向，由四种内切酶对ｍｔＤＮＡ的水解结果而得到的１５个片段组成，其中大部内切酶切点的相对位置是用双酶解结果来定位的，小部分切点（６个）则是利用不完全酶解结果定位的。１５个位点     

萝卜叶绿体rbcL基因定位及ctDNA基因文库的构建

用改进的高离子强度法分离的萝卜叶绿体经ＳＤＳ６０℃裂解，抽提的ｃｔＤＮＡ只需简单纯化即可用于酶切分析，萝卜ｃｔＤＮＡ用４种限制性内切酶ＢａｍＨＩ，ＰｓｔＩ，ＨｉｎｄⅢ和ＥｃｏＲⅠ分别进行单酶完全酶解，推算其分子量和长度分别为８２．５×１０６６Ｔ １２５ＫＢ。     

斜纹夜蛾NPV多角体基因的克隆和部分测序

本文对ＳＩＮＰＶ基因组作了酶解分析，测得其基因组大小为１４５ｋｂ，并用双酶法确定了ＳＩＮＰＶ基因组的ＨｉｎｄⅢ和ＰｓｔⅠ物理图谱。以含ＡｃＮＰＶ多角体基因的质粒ｐＡＣ－Ⅰ的ＳａｌＩ－Ｃ片段为探针，对ＳＩＮＰＶＤＮＡ酶切片段ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ转印杂交结果，初步判断多角体基因定位于ＰｓｔＩ－Ｂ／Ｃ／Ｄ片段、ＢｇｌⅡ－Ｃ／Ｄ片段、ＢａｍＨＩ－Ｂ／Ｃ片段和ＥｃｏＲＩ－Ａ／Ｂ片段上，且ＳＩＮＰＶ与ＡｃＮＰＶ多角体蛋白基因有６４％的同源性，而以大肠仟菌质粒ｐＵＣ１９为载体对ＳＩＮＰＶ的多角体基因试克隆，得到带有ＢｇｌⅡ－ＰｓｔⅠ双酶切片段的２个克隆子。对这两个杂交阳性克隆子之一的核苷酸序列测定，表明插入片段与ＢｍＮＰＶ多角体基因上游序列亦有一定同源性。     

豆凝乳酶产生菌的筛选及诱变育种

从１０４份土样中分离到一株产豆凝乳酶的芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｐ．）,酶活力０．３ｕ／ｍｌ。经ＵＶ－ＤＥＳ诱变及培养基调整后,酶活可达１．６ｕ／ｍｌ以上,其最适产酶培养基组成：麦麸２．５％,（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４ ０．５％（ＮＨ４）２ＨＰＯ４ ０．５％,ＣａＣｌ２ ０．０５％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the