非离子型微乳液的形成及其相行为研究

考察了由非离子型表面活性剂（OP－4、OP－7、AEO3），助表面活性剂（正丁醇、正戊醇、异戊醇），油（环已烷、正庚烷、煤油）和不同浓度的盐酸形成微乳液的相行为，讨论了以上各种组份对形成W／O型微乳液的影响，确定了适合作为液膜使用的W／O型的微乳液的形成条件。     

正戊醇对形成淀粉微乳液的影响

借助XRD和IR技术及通过对淀粉微乳液相体积和电导值的测定,研究了正戊醇对形成含量不同的淀粉微乳体系产生的影响。结果表明:随着淀粉含量增大,正戊醇的助表面活性剂作用逐渐减弱,加入的正戊醇主要与其中的直链淀粉生成了络合晶体,被表面活性剂分散的淀粉自身充当着助表面活性剂的作用。但正戊醇的加入有利于生成稳定的W/O型淀粉微乳液。     

水/OP-正已醇/环已烷微乳液性能及Fe3O4粒子制备

利用水／OP-正已醇／环已烷微乳液作为反相胶束微反应器，通过调节微反应器中的溶水量，制备微米级的Fe2O4，并考察水／OP-正已醇／环已烷微乳液的性能。结果得到，微乳液法制备Fe2O4的最佳工艺条件为：表面活性剂OP与助表面活性剂环已醇之比为3：2，水相为Fe^2 ：Fe^3 =2：1的水溶液，乳化温度为30℃。该微乳液法制备Fe2O4的工艺设备简单，制得的粒子粒径较小，且可以通过调节溶水量来改变微液滴反应场的大小，进而控制产物微粒的大小，是制备性能良好Fe3O4微粒较好的体系。     

W／O型微乳液相行为的分析

研究了以NPE4．2和NPE10混合壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚为表面活性剂的W／O型微乳液的相行为，以最大增溶水(溶液)为参数，用电导法研究了混合表面活性剂配比、用量、助表面活性剂的用量、不同阳离子水溶液和温度对W／O型微乳液的影响，实验表明：当NPE4．2：NPE10为1．2：1，(S A)：O＝3：7附近，该体系具有最大的增溶水量。当用其它溶液代替水或使体系的温度升高时，拟三元体系的增溶液量曲线与增溶水量曲线相似，但其单相区的面积有不同程度的减小。     

油包水微乳液体系的稳定性分析

将表面活性剂Tween80和Span80复配,以环己烷为油相制备高度分散、液滴均匀的油包水(W/O)型微乳液.以最大增溶水量为指标,通过目测及测定体系电导率,研究了表面活性剂复配、四种醇类助表面活性剂、温度和盐度等因素对微乳液体系稳定性的影响,探索该微乳液形成的适宜条件.实验结果表明:当复配表面活性剂中Tween80的含量为60%、乙醇作助表面活性剂、助表面活性剂与复配表面活性剂质量比Km=1.0时,可得到作为微反应器的理想微乳液体系;随温度升高,W/O微乳液体系相图的稳定区域减小,盐度对微乳液稳定性的影响减小.     

W/O微乳液法制备铂纳米粒子

采用Triton X-100/正戊醇（质量比1：1）／环己烷／水W／O微乳液体系，成功制备了粒径为10nm左右的Pt纳米粒子。文中详细研究了影响Pt纳米粒子大小的各种因素，如表面活性剂种类、水和表面活性剂的摩尔比x0、表面活性剂浓度、氯铂酸浓度、还原剂浓度以及pH值等。实验结果显示，Pt纳米粒子粒度随x0、氯铂酸浓度增大而增大，而表面活性剂浓度（大于临界胶团浓度cmc时）、还原剂浓度（过量很多时）及pH值的变化对粒子大小影响不明显。     

浅析表面活性剂土温-40微乳液的形成及其相行为研究

介绍了非离子表面活性剂土温-40,油相为甲苯,助表面活性剂为元水乙醇,三次去离子水体系微乳液的制备方法并测绘出该体系的拟三元相图。分别对21℃、25℃和270C恒温条件下,表面活性剂助、表面活性剂质量比为2：1,1：3,3：1时的W／O型微乳液体系相行为变化趋势进行了研究。实验结果表明,升高体系温度及非离子表面活性剂浓度的增加,均能使微乳液体系增溶油和水的能力加强。在相图上表现为微乳区面积增大,微乳区域形状的改变有所不同。     

微乳液萃取镓的研究

研究了两种不同类型的微乳液萃取镓的热力学。微乳液的组成分别为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵／正丁醇／正庚烷／HCl(溶液)和油酸钠／正戊醇／正庚烷／HCl(溶液)。对比两种不同表面活性剂组成的微乳液,分别考察了萃取时间、水油比、盐酸浓度和萃取剂含量等因素对萃取的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件,同时探讨了表面活性剂的性质对萃取的影响。结果表明,微乳液萃取镓的速率快,萃取率高达98％,而不同种类表面活性剂会对萃取产生很大影响;该微乳液被证明是一种非常优秀的萃取介质。     

双反相微乳液法制备掺杂镨(Ce,Zr,Al)O_2纳米固溶体

以曲拉通X-114为表面活性剂,正戊醇为助表面活性剂,环己烷为油相,铈锆镨铝硝酸盐混合水溶液或氨水溶液为水相组成双反相微乳液体系,制备掺杂镨(Ce,Zr,Al)O2纳米固溶体,并利用XRD,TEM,FT-IR和Raman等手段对样品的物相结构、晶粒大小进行表征.结果表明,稀土元素镨掺杂入(Ce,Zr,Al)O2形成的混合氧化物为萤石型立方晶相结构的均相固溶体,环己烷/曲拉通X-114/正戊醇/水溶液组成的双反相微乳液体系是合成粒径尺寸5nm左右、分散均匀的掺杂镨(Ce,Zr,Al)O2纳米固溶体的有效途径.     

微乳液萃取镓的研究

研究了两种不同类型的微乳液萃取镓的热力学。微乳液的组成分别为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵／正丁醇／正庚烷／HCl（溶液）和油酸钠／正戊醇／正庚烷／HCl（溶液）。对比两种不同表面活性剂组成的微乳液,分别考察了萃取时间、水油比、盐酸浓度和萃取剂含量等因素对萃取的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件,同时探讨了表面活性剂的性质对萃取的影响。结果表明,微乳液萃取镓的速率快,萃取率高达98％,而不同种类表面活性剂会对萃取产生很大影响;该微乳液被证明是一种非常优秀的萃取介质。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-