一种单端输入的CMOS图像传感器设计

设计了一种应用于红外上转换系统的CMOS读出电路,利用单端放大器的CTIA方式进行读出,克服了传统差分输入放大器管子多、需要米勒补偿电容、版图占用面积大的缺点,有效地减小了电路在像元中占的面积。积分电容采用80 fF,使满阱电子数达到40万个,动态范围大于60 dB。利用相关双采样电路有效地降低了读出噪声,输出总噪声小于0.5 mV。在版图设计中采用了奇偶对称方式,有效地提高了光敏区的占空比。经测试,该电路工作正常,成像清晰,性能良好。     

标准CMOS工艺的外层型人工视网膜芯片设计

针对外层型视网膜修复技术中芯片像素密度难以提高的问题,设计了一种具有更小尺寸及更高像素密度的视网膜芯片。芯片采用CHRT公司0.35μm标准CMOS工艺,选用双向驰张振荡器电路作为基本像元电路,在Cadence软件平台上进行了电路的调试及版图制作和后仿真。实验结果表明,像元电路能够随光电流大小变化输出幅值及频率可调的脉冲信号对视网膜神经细胞进行有效刺激,版图制作后仿真得到像元电路脉冲宽度为0.26 ms,频率为18~503 Hz,版图大小为65μm×65μm,初步设计的芯片大小为1.1 mm×1.1 mm。芯片各项参数均能满足生理学上对视网膜神经细胞进行有效刺激的要求,实验结果为芯片后续研究提供了良好的基础。     

基于SiGe BiCMOS工艺的高速光接收机模拟前端电路

基于IBM 0.18,μm SiGe BiCMOS工艺,设计了一款12.5,Gb/s的全差分光接收机模拟前端电路.该电路由跨阻放大器、限幅放大器、直流偏移消除电路和输出缓冲级组成.为获得更高的带宽,本文对Cherry-Hooper结构进行了改进,设计出一种三级级联的限幅放大器,而直流偏移消除电路则使用了差分有源密勒电容(DAMC)来替代传统的片外大电容,提高了电路集成度和稳定性.版图后仿结果表明,在探测器等效电容为300,f F的情况下,光接收机前端电路的跨阻增益为97,d B,-3,d B带宽为11.7,GHz,等效输入噪声电流小于14.2,pA/Hz~(1/2),芯片核心面积为720,μm×700,μm.     

非制冷热释电红外焦平面阵列读出电路的新型结构

提出一种带有列共用结构的电容跨阻放大器(CTIA)读出结构, 以实现高线性度、低功耗、低噪声和较大输出范围。该结构可以降低像素结构的复杂性, 提高电路设计的灵活度。电路采用奇偶行交替连续读出的方式。采用0.35μm DPTM工艺, 利用该结构设计一个原型芯片。电源电压为5 V, 每列CTIA结构功耗约为29.3 μW, 线性度为99.98%。该原型芯片可以被扩展为320×240阵列。     

一种低功耗GaN基紫外焦平面读出电路设计

针对GaN基紫外焦平面,采用单端放大器的CTIA结构作为输入级,设计了一种小面积低功耗的读出电路,分析了电路的电荷增益、注入效率、功耗与噪声等性能指标。通过使用边积分边读出模式工作,电路功耗显著下降,当面阵大小为M×N时,仅与列数N有关。仿真结果表明,电路工作正常,电荷增益为1.6μV/e,注入效率可达96.8%,输出线性度大于99%,对噪声具有很好的抑制作用。     

一种高性能全差分运算放大器的设计

设计了一种具有高增益、大带宽的全差分折叠式共源共栅增益自举运算放大电路,适用于高速高精度流水线模数转换器余量增益电路(MDAC)的应用,增益自举运算放大器的主放大器和子放大器均采用折叠式共源共栅差分结构,并且主放大器采用开关电容共模反馈来稳定输出电压,该放大器工作在5.0V电源电压下,单端负载为2pF,采用华润上华(CSMC)0.5μm 5VCMOS工艺对电路进行仿真测试,结果显示该运放的直流增益可达到126.3dB,单位增益带宽为316MHz。精度为0.01%时的建立时间为4.3ns。     

快闪存储器阈值电压分布读取电路设计

提出了一种浮栅型快闪存储器(flash memory)阈值电压分布读取方法。其读出电路结构主要包括电容反馈互导放大器(capacitor feedback trans-impedance amplifier,CTIA)和8b循环型模数转换器(cyclic analog-to-digital converter),以上电路将存储单元的阈值电压进行数字量化输出。此外芯片还集成了译码电路、高压电路、偏置电路和控制电路等辅助电路。上述设计采用0.13μm 2P3M NOR快闪存储器工艺,芯片面积为2.1mm×2.8mm,其中存储阵列包含1 024×1 024个存储单元。测试结果表明该读取电路能够精确地读取快闪存储器的阈值电压分布,可以用来进行存储阵列器件和工艺的离散性等特性研究,也可以用于编程/擦除算法的优化设计。     

适用于均衡器系统的高速低失调限幅放大器

基于0.13,μmCMOS工艺,设计了一款适用于均衡器系统的高速低失调电压的限幅放大器.电路设计中采用有源负载电感效应技术来提高系统的带宽;同时,为了优化由器件间失配导致的失调电压,提出了一种改进的失调电压消除技术.通过在负反馈环路中使用18,pF的电容来构建低频滤波器,该技术可以实现22.8,kHz的高通截止频率.蒙特卡罗仿真结果表明,该放大器输出端的直流失调电压均值为78.48,μV,标准差为3.73,mV.工作在1.8,V电源电压下,限幅放大器的带宽为6.0,GHz,增益为24.2,dB,功耗为23.6,mW,版图面积为0.030,6,mm2(170,μm×180,μm).     

宽带电流模形式PHEMT前置放大器设计

设计并实现了基于0.2 μm PHEMT工艺的宽带电流模形式前置放大器.前置放大器将光电二极管产生的电流信号放大并转换为差分电压信号.电路为共栅结构,输入电阻小,减小了光检测器寄生电容对电路带宽的影响.设计时采用了电容峰化技术,可获得比普通共栅结构更宽的带宽.后仿真结果为,在单电源5 V,输出负载50 Ω的条件下,该前置放大器的跨阻增益为1.73kΩ,带宽可达到10.6 GHz,同时具有低噪声和较宽的线性范围,芯片面积为607 μm×476 μm.测试结果表明,此前置放大器可以很好地工作在10 Gbit/s速率上.     

探空湿度传感器的信号调理电路设计

针对高空气象湿度测量对高精度和低噪声提出的需求,设计了一种基于电荷放大器原理用于探空湿度传感器的微弱电容检测电路。该电路由晶体振荡电路、电荷放大器电路、整流滤波、A?D转换、MCU等部分组成。实验结果表明：研制的检测电路具有较强的抗杂散电容性能,线性度良好,准确度优于0.04%,对于标称100 pF的待测电容,噪声引起的误差仅相当于待测电容的100 PPM（百万分之一）,约10 fF,能满足高空探测的要求。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-