关于三部图K(m,n,r)-A(|A|=2)色唯一性的几个结果

设G是简单图，用P（G，λ）表示图G的色多项式．令K（m，n，r）表示完全三部图。G=K（m，n，r）-A（｜A｜=2），3≤m≤n≤r.证明了若图Y使得P（Y，λ），则Y=K（m＋α,n＋β,r-（α＋β））-S，其中α,β是整数，且｜S｜=e=（r-m）α＋（r-n）β-2（α^2＋αβ＋β^2）≥0.且e=2时，G和Y同构，同时给出了α，β的范围。     

一类重要的计数方法及应用

在组合数学理论中，一项十分重要的内容就是计数，即计算满足某种性质的事物（或称格局，Configuration）共有多少个。一般说来，计数问题是复杂的，但是其中也有一些具有共性的方法，我们在学习中尤其要加以重视。本文以华中师范大学出版社1990年版《组合数学基础》（以下记作[1]）为蓝本，介绍一类重要的计数方法及其应用，所选讲的例题、习题均选自[1]，所标页码也为[1]中相应页码，且形如“Ex．2”者表示习题2，余类似。例1（DeMoivre,[1]P．P．20）将整数m写成n个非负整数的和，即m=x1+x2+…＋xn，其中xi≥0，1≤i＜≤n，且xi的顺序…     

关于以自然数为模的一次同余方程组的转换定理

设m为大于1的任意自然数,a_(ij)(1≤i≤t,1≤j≤s)为st个整数,记(?)=max(1,|x|),定义(a)_m是满足(a)_m≡a(modm), -(m/2)<(a)_m≤m/2的整数。考察两组对偶的一次同余方程组     

与星正交的[0,k_i]_1~m──因子分解

设H是图G的任一个具m条边的星，即m─星。证明了，对任给的m个整数k1，k2，k1，…，km，当对任意的x∈V（G）有dG（x）≤k1＋k2＋……＋km─m＋1时，G有一个因子分解与H正交。     

关于LCM方程的李-曹猜想的注记

在研究Hong关于定义在gcd封闭集上的幂LCM矩阵［Se］(e为正整数)的非奇异性的一个猜想时,李和曹研究了如下的不定方程(称为LCM方程)：1lcmy1,y2,y3,y4-4i=11yi+1gcd(y1,y2)+1gcd(y1,y3)+1gcd(y2,y3)[SX)]=0.他们首先证明了当ω(y)＜4时,方程无解,这里y=lcm［y1,y2,y3,y4］,ω(y)表示y的不同素因子的个数;然后他们给出ω(y)=4且y=p21p22p23p2m4时,方程有2次幂整数解的必要条件,这里pi为不同素数,m≥1;根据这些必要条件他们接着验证了方程当y≤1 334 025时没有2次幂整数解;最后他们提出猜想：若n≤9,则定义在gcd封闭集S={x1,…,xn}上的平方LCM矩阵［S2］是非奇异的,即LCM方程没有2次幂整数解.本文作者推广了李-曹关于LCM方程有2次幂整数解的研究：首先给出了当ω(y)=4且y=p2m11p2m22p2m33p2m44时,方程有2次幂整数解的必要条件,并给出了当ω(y)≥4时,方程解的表达式(如果存在的话),这里pi为不同素数,mi≥1;然后根据这些必要条件在计算机上验证了方程当y≤260 620 460 100时没有2次幂整数解,进一步支持了李-曹猜想.     

关于Znàm问题

1972年,S,Znám提出一个问题;是否对每一个整数n>1,都存在整数x_i>1(i=1,…,n),使得对每一个i,x_i是x_1…x_(i-1)x_(i 1)…x_n 1的真因子?1975年,Skula证明了对于2≤n≤4,不存在这样的整数,并提到在n=5时,Janák找到了一组解2,3,11,23,31.1978年,Janák和Skula通过解同余式组     

有向图中爪的一个重要性质

若 u1,…,up 和x为有向图D的顶点,记数列（P1,P2,…,Pp）为满足[x→ u1,u2,…, up]的有向路,使得每个 ui都是不同的,b（Pi）＝ x ,e（Pi）＝ ui 且 Pi 除在点x 外内部顶点均不相交,则称[ x→ u1,u2,…,up ]为有向图 D中的一个爪。我们证明了以下结论：如果[ x→ v1,…,vp－1,y]和[y→ vp ,…,v2p －1]（p≥1）,那么存在一组整数1≤ i1＜…＜ ip ≤2 p－1,使得[x→vi1,…,vip ]。     

图Cmk(P2,…,P2,Pl)的最大特征值

设圈C=v1 v2…vm v1,m≥3.在圈C的顶点vil,vi2,…,vik上分别悬挂k条路pn1,pn2,…,Pnk的图记为Ci1,i2….ik(Pn1,Pn2,…Pnk),其中1≤ij≤m,m,1 ≤j≤k.在顶点口vm上悬挂k条路Pn1,Pn2,…,pnk的图简记为Cmk(Pn1,Pn2,…,Pnk).利用图Cmk(P2,…,P2,P1)的特征多项式获得:λ1(Cmk+1(P2,…,P2,Pl-1))≥λ1(Cnk(P2,…,P2,Pl))≥2,其中,k,l ∈ N,l≥3.     

用代数数逼近e和e~π

用Z表示全体整数集合,Z[z]表示Z上的多项式环。对于P(z)=a_0z~n+a_1z~(n-1)+…+a_n∈Z[z]用d(P)表示它的次数,用H(P)表示它的高,即H(P)=max|a_i| 0≤i≤n对于任一代数数ξ,其极小多项式的次数和高称为这个代数数的次数和高。本文得到了用代数数逼近e和e~π的下界估计的两个结果: 定理1 存在可计算常数C>0,使对任何次数≤d、高≤H的代数数ξ,有|e-ξ|>exp(-Cd~2(1ndH)1n~2d)。定理2 存在可计算常数C>0,使对任何次数≤d、高≤H的代数数ξ,有|e~π-ξ|>exp(-Cd~2(1ndH)(1n1ndH)~2)。     

关于若干整数分拆问题

Y．Alavi,A．J．Boals,G．Chartrand,P．ErdSs和O．R．Oellermann提出下面的猜想：已知整数a1,a2,…,ak,满足n≤ai≤2n-2,1≤i≤k,且a1＋a2＋…＋ak=rt（n＋1）／2,则S=（1,2,…,n）包含有k个互不相交子集S1,S2,…,Sk,满足ai=∑（Si）,1≤i≤k。推广该猜想,得到下面的定理：已知整数a1,a2,…,ak,满足ai≥n,1≤i≤k,且a1＋a2＋…＋a4≤n（n＋1）／2,则S={1,2,…,n）包含有k个互不相交子集．S1,S2,…,Sk,满足ai=∑（Si）,1≤i≤k。由此定理易推出K．Ando,S．Gervacio和M．Kano证明的一个主要定理。参考文献中的一个错误同时被更正。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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