热处理对第二代镍基单晶合金DD11显微组织及持久性能的影响

采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对铸态、固溶态和时效态的第二代镍基单晶合金DD11的显微组织进行定量表征,并测试了不同一级时效处理后的合金1 100℃/140MPa和980℃/250MPa条件下的持久性能。结果表明:合金经过1 320℃/6h固溶处理后,(γ+γ′)共晶相全部溶解,凝固偏析显著降低,合金组织均匀。一级时效温度低于1 160℃时,γ′相为方形,一级时效温度高于1 180℃时,γ′相为球形,γ通道显著变宽,并在通道内析出细小的γ′相。随一级时效温度提高,合金的持久寿命先增大后降低。持久性能与γ′相尺寸、体积分数及形态密切相关。     

2205双相不锈钢中σ相的析出行为

对固溶处理后的双相不锈钢2205进行了不同温度下(750~950℃)的等温时效处理,利用OM观测不同时效条件下析出相的形貌特征,重点观测了800℃下σ相的析出过程,并通过EDS,XRD,TEM和电子探针等检测手段对800℃,240min时效处理后试样的内部组织进行了研究,揭示了σ相的析出特征及机理.结果表明:σ相是一种Fe-Cr-Mo金属间化合物,属于四方结构;时效过程中,σ相通过δ铁素体→γ2+σ反应生成,合金元素Mo的扩散是其形成的主要影响因素;保温240min后,时效温度为800℃时σ相析出量最大,相同时间条件下时效温度为950℃时,σ相析出量明显降低.     

半固态Al-Cu-Mn合金锻件的热处理工艺与组织

利用正交试验法,对Al-Cu-Mn合金半固态锻压件进行了固溶时效热处理.通过对硬度指标的分析,获得了热处理的最佳工艺参数.同时分析了时效后的显微组织.结果表明,Al-Cu-Mn合金半固态锻压件在固溶温度540℃、固溶时间13 h、时效温度165℃、时效时间8 h下,其维氏硬度值可达130 MPa以上;且析出相均匀、弥散地分布在基体上.     

热压缩变形终了温度对7050铝合金显微组织的影响

采用Gleeble1500热模拟机对7050铝合金进行多道次热压缩试验,热压缩开始温度为430℃,经过7道次热压缩变形,终了温度分别控制在300,340,370,400和430℃。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察合金在不同终了温度热压缩变形后及固溶时效后的显微组织。研究结果表明:随着终了温度的升高,各相同道次的流变应力逐渐下降;热压缩变形后合金组织中第二相粒子逐渐减少;尺寸较小的亚晶逐渐演变成晶界平直的晶粒;当终了温度较低时,合金变形后储存大量的变形能,固溶时效后出现大量的再结晶组织;随着终了温度的升高,变形过程中动态、静态软化消耗的变形能增加,固溶时效后再结晶组织逐渐减少。     

时效处理00Cr25Ni7M_0 3.5WCuN双相不锈钢的组织及力学性能

研究了固溶处理及相对低温短时的时效处理对00Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCu N钢的组织以及力学性能的影响。结果表明:固溶处理使两相组织分布更加均匀;540℃时效处理时两相比例为σ/γ=46:54;630℃时效处理时发生了F→σ+γ'转变;铁素体相体积百分含量随着时效温度的增加而降低,由54%降到36%;冲击韧性随时效处理温度的升高先增后减,在540℃时冲击功达最大值226.93J;时效过程的热分析曲线没有明显的热效应,说明低温短时时效没有大量的脆性相析出。     

5A90铝锂合金显微组织及力学性能的研究

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及高分辨透射电镜等手段研究了5A90铝锂合金轧板经热处理后的显微组织与力学性能.结果表明:5A90合金轧板组织呈明显的各向异性,合金板材轧制平面的晶粒呈等轴状,纵截面和横截面均为轧制流线组织,有少量细小的再结晶晶粒；合金经460℃/20 min固溶处理后,在130℃时效过程中,随着时效时间的延长...     

喷射成形超高强度Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的固溶处理

研究了单级固溶和双级固溶热处理工艺对喷射成形Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金力学性能的影响.应用光学显微镜、扫描电镜与透射电镜对显微组织和第二相颗粒的固溶及沉淀析出状况做了进一步的研究.结果表明:双级固溶时效和单级固溶时效处理制度相比,前者得到的组织和力学性能较为理想;双级固溶处理综合了低温单级固溶和高温单级固溶的优点,即再结晶晶粒尺寸较小,同时回溶颗粒较多.时效后的组织也较理想.采用双级固溶处理(450℃/3h 480℃/3h)和T6时效处理后,合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别达到806MPa和797MPa,延伸率达到7.5%.     

热处理对 Cu-0．23Be-0．84Co 合金性能和组织的影响

利用硬度计、导电仪和金相电子显微镜,分析了固溶和时效对 Cu-0．23Be-0．84Co 合金性能和组织的影响。研究结果表明：Cu-0．23Be-0．84Co 合金经950℃×1 h 固溶、480℃×4 h 时效处理后,综合性能指标较好,其中,硬度可达117．0HB,导电率达71．6％IACS;在试验范围内,随着固溶温度的升高,晶粒结构形貌相似,未溶物逐渐减少,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大;950℃时,晶粒呈等轴状,大小均匀,固溶较完全;时效后,试验合金内部保留着较清晰的应变孪晶,强化相在晶界处不连续析出、集聚而产生黑色组织,且黑色组织数量随着时效时间的延长不断增多。     

热处理对Al-W合金组织及性能的影响

选取W含量为7%的Al-W合金为研究对象,研究了固溶和时效对合金微观组织、硬度及耐磨性的影响。研究结果表明:固溶温度、固溶时间、时效温度和时效时间对合金的组织和性能有较大影响。对于含W为7%的Al-W合金,随着固溶温度的升高,合金的耐磨性和硬度增强;随着时效温度的升高和时效时间的延长,合金的硬度增大、耐磨性增强。实验条件下,合金最佳热处理工艺为530℃固溶80 min,220℃时效10 h。     

热处理工艺对6061铝合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

选取固溶温度为420、450、490、530、570℃,保温6 h,时效温度为173℃,时效时间为1、2、3、4、56、h,对6061铝合金进行固溶时效处理.采用MEF-3金相显微镜进行组织观察、EMPA-1600电子探针进行成分分析、布洛维硬度测试仪进行硬度检测,分析固溶时效对其显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:固溶温度和时效时间对6061铝合金的显微组织、力学性能有一定的影响,固溶时效后可以获得大量均匀的Mg2Si强化相,且在固溶温度为530℃,保温6 h,时效温度为173℃,保温3 h时获得较高的综合力学性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to