蛋白双酶（胰蛋白酶─木瓜蛋白酶）的固定化研究

以脱乙酰壳多糖为载体，戊二醛为交联剂，对胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶的固定化条件及固定化双酶的动力学性质进行研究．实验对比了交联剂的用量、交联的ｐＨ值、温度及载体与酶的比例等因素对固定化的影响．确定了固定化双酶的催化特性：最适ｐＨ７．５～８．１，最适温度是６０℃，Ｋｍ值是０．５２ｍｇ／ｍｌ，并对固定化双酶的热稳定性、固定化双酶的活性与固定化单酶的活性进行了比较．     

固定化木瓜蛋白酶的制备及性质

用硫酸铵分级沉淀法从木瓜粉提取液中分离木瓜蛋白酶，将其偶联在对氨基苯磺酰乙其次 联琼脂上，制得固定化木瓜慢白酶。实验结果表明；木瓜蛋白酶与ＡＢＳＥ－交联琼脂的最佳结合量是每克干交联琼脂１４．０μｍｏｌ／ｓ，固定化酶的最适反应ｐＨ为８．０，最适反应温度为７５℃，Ｋｍ为６７．６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

3种淡水育珠蚌碱性磷酸酶（ALP）比较酶学的初步研究

分别从三角帆蚌、褶纹冠蚌、背角无齿蚌的外套膜中部分提取了一种碱性磷酸酶，并对这３种来源的ＡＬＰ进行了比活力和动力学性质的比较研究，经过相同提纯步骤后，外套膜ＡＬＰ比活顺序是褶纹冠蚌＞背角无齿蚌＞三角帆蚌；三角帆蚌ＡＬＰ作用于底物磷酸苯二钠的最适ｐＨ值为９．４０，最适温度为３７℃，米氏常数Ｋｍ为０．５３ｍ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ；褶纹冠蚌ＡＬＰ的最适ｐＨ值为９．１２，最适温度为４０℃，米氏常数Ｋｍ为１．７２ｍ     

胰蛋白酶固定化技术研究

以脱乙酰壳聚糖为载体,明胶包埋,戊二醛为交联剂,对胰蛋白酶的固定化条件和固定化胰蛋白酶的性质进行研究。文章报道的新工艺是一种制备固定化胰蛋酶的理想方法,它兼有絮凝法迅速方便、包埋法成型容易和交联法强度大等优点。研究中就交联剂用量、明胶用量、ｐＨ 值以及载体与酶的比例对固定化胰蛋白酶的影响进行比较,在所选择的固定化条件下,固定化酶的活性回收率可达５８．２％ 以上。固定化酶的最适温度为６８ ℃,最适ｐＨ 值为７．９, Ｋｍ 值升高,热稳定性、ｐＨ 值贮存稳定性以及在乙醇溶液中的抗变性亦明显高于可溶性胰蛋白酶。在柱式反应器内,当以２．５％ 酪蛋白为底物时,其操作半衰期为４７ ｄ 左右。     

磁性载体用于酶固定化方面的研究

合成了具有磁响应性的两亲性聚乙二醇胶体粒子,并以此为载体,用吸附交联法固定化了α－淀粉酶。最适交联条件研究表明：缓冲液ｐＨ值、戊二醛浓度及加酶量都对固定化酶活力、比活有一定影响。在最适固定化条件下,固定化酶的活力为３４０００Ｕ·ｇ＾－１干胶,蛋白载量为１００ｍｇ·ｇ＾－１干胶,比活为３４０Ｕ·ｍｇ＾－１蛋白,活性回收率为３７．７％。最适反应温度比天然酶（５０℃）提高３０℃。最适ｐＨ比天然酶（７．０     

聚苯乙烯阴离子交换树脂吸附交联法固定α—淀粉酶

用聚苯乙烯阴离子交换树脂作载体,戊二醛为交联剂,采用吸附交联法固定α＿淀粉酶,研究了固定化条件和固定化酶的性能．结果表明,最佳固定化条件为：酶浓度１２ｇ／Ｌ,吸附温度６～９℃,吸附时间２０ｈ,戊二醛浓度４％,交联时间８ｈ,交联温度６～９℃,ｐＨ７．２．固定化酶的热稳定性、贮存稳定性、ｐＨ稳定性均比自由酶提高．最适作用温度５０℃,最适作用ｐＨ７．２,且适宜作用温度及ｐＨ均较自由酶宽,批式及连续操作实验显示出较好的操作稳定性．吸附交联联用法所得固定化α＿淀粉酶稳定性较好,克服了吸附法所得固定化酶稳定性差的缺点．     

内孢霉酵母糖化酶产酶条件及酶学特性的研究

本研究对Ｅｎｄｏｍｙｃｏｐｓｉｓｆｉｂｕｌｉｇｅｒａ（内孢霉酵母）糖化酶发酵进行培养基的选择，并对产酶时间、接种量、装量和初始ｐＨ值诸因素进行探讨，获得最佳产酶条件．该糖化酶以可溶性淀粉为底物，最适ｐＨ为５．２，最适温度４０℃；在５０℃以下较稳定，有较宽的ｐＨ稳定范围（ｐＨ３．０－７．０）；米氏常数Ｋｍ＝１２．８４ｍｇ·ｍｌ－１．     

环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶在壳聚糖上的固定化

以甲醛作为活化剂将环糊精葡萄糖基移酶（ＣＧＴａｓｅ，ＥＣ，３．２，２．１９）固定在壳聚糖上。发现ＣＧＴａｓｅ经固定化后，最适温度没有改变，最适ｐＨ从６．０移到５．０，热稳定性及ｐＨ稳定性都有所提高，在ｐＨ８．５和５０℃下，经过４次分批反应，固定化酶保留约６６％活力，柱式连续反应的半衰期大约为６天。     

蒙脱石K-10固定糖化酶研究

蒙脱石是一种优良的吸附剂，采用吸附法将其作为固定化糖化酶的载体研究固定化糖化酶的性质，结果表明:每克固定化酶的活力3442U；固定化酶的最适pH值是4.8，比游离酶增加了0.2个单位；固定化酶反应的最适温度是60℃，比游离酶升高了5℃；固定化酶的半衰期为12d；固定化酶的Km=14.3g/L，为游离酶的1.47倍.     

胰蛋白酶固定化新工艺研究

我们以脱乙酰壳聚精为载体，明胶包埋，戊二醛为交联剂，对胰蛋白酶的固定化条件和固定化胰蛋白酶的性质进行了研究．本文报道的新工艺，是一种制备固定化胰蛋酶的理想方法．它兼有絮凝法迅速方便，包埋法成型容易和交联法强度大等优点．本文还就交联剂用量、明胶用量、ＰＨ值以及载体与酶的比例对固定化胰蛋白酶的影响进行了比较．在所选择的固定化条件下，固定化酶的活性回收率可达５６％以上．固定化酶的最适温度为６８℃，最适ＰＨ７．９，Ｋｍ值升高，热稳定性、ＰＨ贮存稳定性以及在乙醇溶液中的抗变性亦明显高于可溶性胰蛋白酶．在柱式反应器内，以２．５％酪蛋白为底物时操作半衰期为４６天左右。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-