蜂蜜沙棘果酒的工艺研究

本文以鄂尔多斯高原优质野生沙棘为主要原料，以天然的纯蜂蜜为辅助原料，发酵得到蜂蜜沙棘酒。结果最佳发酵条件为：茵种为驯化后的Yl茵株，接种量5％，发酵时间9天，后酵时间90天，发酵温度25-28℃，沙棘浊汁的最适初始pH值为3．5，S02加入量为80mg／L；添加1％壳聚糖-0．1％明胶复合澄清剂澄清效果较好。对工序中影响产品质量的其它因素进行了分析探讨。     

平菇液体菌种发酵条件的研究

对平菇液体菌种的碳氮营养需求及培养条件进行了研究．结果表明：黑平王（平菇）菌株能利用多种碳氮源，其中碳源以玉米粉为最好，有机氮优于无机氮，豆饼粉为最佳氮源．培养基最佳组合为玉米粉2％，豆饼粉1.5％，KH2PO4 0．15％，MgSO4 0．1％，pH6．最适培养条件为25℃，摇床转速140r／min，接种量8％，装液量为100mL发酵液／300mL三角瓶，发酵时间为4d．     

高温芽孢杆菌碱性蛋白酶发酵条件及酶性质研究

从西藏尼木卡如林温泉附近土样中分离到一个碱性蛋白酶产生菌株SD-142．该菌株经初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌．在50℃条件下，以10％的接种量接种于发酵培养基中振荡培养48h后，发酵液中碱性蛋白酶活可达516U／mL．发酵培养基的组成成分为麦芽糖6％、豆饼粉3％、麸皮3％、Na2HPO4 0．4％、MgSO4 0．02％、CaCl2 0．02％，pH自然．对该酶的性质研究表明，其最适作用pH为9．5，最适反应温度为60℃，具有良好的pH稳定性和热稳定性，并且显示了与去污剂良好的相容性．     

猪IFNα在毕赤酵母中分泌表达条件的优化及高密度发酵

从发酵时间、接种量、pH值、诱导剂量等方面对重组基因工程（毕赤酵母甲醇利用缓慢型）的摇瓶发酵条件进行了优化，进一步探索了酵母菌表达猪IFNα的发酵工艺，包括种细胞密度对初始发酵期的影响，补加甘油、甲醇速率条件的控制等．结果表明，摇瓶发酵时，诱导最佳时间为96h，甲醇最适浓度为8g/L，发酵pH范围为6.4～9．0．最适接种量2：1．在分批发酵、接种量为10%且种子细胞光密度（OD600）为5～6时，最有利于细胞的高密度培养，在补料发酵时，根据溶氧控制甘油流加速率与时机，细胞干重达到118．75g／L，在48h重组猪IFNα表达量达到1。304g／L．     

微生物发酵果渣蛋白饲料Ⅰ．发酵工艺条件的研究

对产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉在苹果渣上混合发酵生产蛋白饲料的条件进行了研究。其最佳工艺条件为：接种比例3：1，接种量29／5，pH4～5，最适温度28℃。利用1．5％尿素为氮源，培养基含水量70％左右。在上述条件下发酵48h以后，蛋白质含量达到30％以上，且有酒香味，适口性好。     

微生物酶法生产L-半胱氨酸的产酶条件优化

以假单胞菌（Pseudomonas sp．）TS1138为供试菌株，对微生物酶法生产L-半胱氨酸的条件进行了初步研究。通过对产酶培养基中的碳氮源进行研究，得到了TS1138菌株产酶的最佳碳氮源分别为葡萄糖和尿素，DL—ATC的最适添加量为5g／L；通过对产酶培养基的产酶条件进行研究，得出了最适的种子接种量为10％，产酶培养基的最适初始pH为8．0，500mL三角瓶的最适装液量为40mL。     

哈茨木霉SDU3.87耐碱性纤维素酶液体发酵条件的研究

从碱性土样中分离出的1株哈茨木霉(T．harzianum),液体发酵条件的实验表明,产酶最适的培养基初始pH为7．5,培养温度为28℃,摇床转速为160r／min;最适的单一碳源为麸皮,添加量为质量分数3．0％～5．0％;添加质量分数0．5％左右的复合氮源有利于产酶的提高;诱导物纤维素CF—11和微晶纤维素的最适添加量分别为质量分数2．0％和1．0％;添加吐温80有利于产酶的提高,添加量质量分数0．2％;用300mL三角瓶液体摇床发酵时装样量80mL左右为宜;发酵周期5～6d,获得的粗酶液的内切酶活最高为1．85U/mL,FPA为0．96U/mL．水杨素酶活为0.81U／mL。     

曲酸产生菌F31012变株的选育及发酵条件的研究

F31012变株是以Aspergillus oryzae(米曲霉）2336经3次紫外诱变处理,采用快速筛选方法而获得的突变株,研究了F31012变株发酵工艺条件,经过正交试验得出该突变株最佳发酵培养基为：玉米淀粉10％,酵母膏0．2％,K2HPO40.15,MgSO4.7H2O0.05%,KCl0.05%,pH6.0.移种量为15％,每300ml三角瓶装量75ml,时间6天,发酵培养基最适温度为30℃。     

产纤维素酶粗糙脉孢菌1602产酶条件优化

通过优化设计，确定纤维素高产菌株Neurospora crassa 1602摇瓶发酵最佳产酶条件为：培养液初始pH值为5、5，培养温度为28℃，摇瓶转速为150rpm，培养96h；3％玉米芯粉、0．5％麸皮酸水解液(0．6mol/L)能够促进产酶，最适宜的有机氮源为黄豆粉；最适宜的无机氮源为NH4HSO4．在最适发酵条件下，其纤维酶的活力CMCase为10．34IU／ml．FPase为0．71IU／ml．     

凝血酶活力影响因素的初步研究

为探讨凝血酶的最佳作用条件，提高其止血效果，以标准凝血酶为原料，在不同温度、pH值、Ca^2 浓度、底物浓度和酶浓度下研究其酶活性的变化。结果显示：凝血酶的最佳作用温度为37℃，最适pH值为7到9，最适Ca^2 浓度为0．01mol／L，纤维蛋白原浓度为0．1％，凝血酶浓度为1u／mL。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-