柔性物料提升机不确定鲁棒控制及振动抑制

以柔性臂式物料提升机为对象,研究了其惯性参数不确定情况下的鲁棒位置控制和柔性振动主动抑制.利用拉格朗日-假设模态法建立其刚柔耦合模型,针对刚柔耦合系统强非线性的特点,基于奇异摄动法,将系统降阶为快、慢双时间尺度子系统,快变子系统表征机械臂柔性振动,采用最优控制主动抑制;慢变子系统表征机械臂刚性运动,考虑到提升机末端负载变化会给系统参数带来不确定性,采用非奇异终端神经滑模控制.计算结果表明:所设计控制器不仅能保证柔性臂式物料提升机位置的精确控制,对末端负载变化有较强的鲁棒性,而且能实现对柔性振动的快速抑制.     

基于神经网络及综合电机特性的柔性关节空间机器人全阶滑模控制

研究了载体位置、姿态均不受控的自由漂浮柔性关节空间机器人机械臂轨迹跟踪及关节柔性振动主动抑制问题,利用系统动量、动量矩守恒关系及第二类Lagrange法,并综合考虑关节驱动电机特性,导出了其全系统动力学模型;然后基于奇异摄动理论将该动力学模型分解为描述机械臂刚性运动的慢变子系统及描述关节柔性振动的快变子系统,并结合关节电机输出力矩与电枢电流的关系,将对控制力矩的设计转化为对电流控制的设计。之后,针对关节柔性振动快变子系统,采用速度差值反馈控制方案对其进行了振动主动抑制;针对机械臂刚性运动慢变子系统,则基于RBF神经网络提出了一种全阶滑模控制方案;其中RBF神经网络用于逼近由系统不确定参数带来的未知非线性项,全阶滑模控制方案的引入在于使控制系统在兼备传统滑模控制方案鲁棒性强特点的同时,还能克服抖振问题。最后,系统数值仿真结果说明了所提方案的有效性。     

柔性基和柔性关节空间机器人双重自适应控制

为实现参数未知柔性基和柔性关节空间机器人的刚性运动控制及柔性振动抑制,提出一种基于非确定性等价原理的双重自适应控制方案.结合拉格朗日法、动量守恒原理及奇异摄动法,导出基座姿态受控模式下的系统动力学方程及其在双时间尺度下的快、慢变子系统.利用一类新型低通滤波信号对系统回归矩阵进行修正,针对慢变子系统设计一种可多参数调节的非确定性等价自适应控制策略,以实现参数未知工况下基座姿态及关节的轨迹跟踪.针对具有不确定性快变子系统,设计一种可使快变子系统渐近稳定、抑制基座和关节柔性振动的自适应控制策略.仿真结果验证了所提双重自适应控制方案在系统刚、柔性运动控制上的有效性.     

自由浮动空间柔性冗余度机械臂姿态稳定控制

讨论了自由浮动柔性冗余度空间机械臂的姿态稳定控制问题.采用假设模态法对柔性连杆的变形进行近似描述,忽略高阶弹性振动模态,然后利用拉格朗日法建立空间柔性冗余度机械臂系统的动力学模型.在此模型基础上利用奇异摄动法把系统分解为快慢2个子系统,设计慢变子系统的模糊滑模控制器,以保证轨迹误差的渐近跟踪.对快变子系统则采用最优控制...     

受限双连杆柔性臂力/位置鲁棒控制

研究了受约束双连杆柔性臂的力／位置鲁棒控制。基于假设模态法导出受约束双连杆柔性臂系统的动力学方程，利用奇异摄动理论将其分解为慢变和快变两个子系统。针对慢子系统，基于力反馈设计了动态混合控制器；针对快子系统，设计带低通特性的最优控制器。由此得到的组合控制使柔性臂的末端轨迹和接触力得到精确控制。仿真结果表明该方法的有效性。     

综合电机特性的柔性关节空间机器人全阶滑模控制

研究柔性关节空间机器人轨迹跟踪及关节柔性振动主动抑制问题.导出综合电机特性的动力学模型,且基于奇异摄动理论将其分解为快、慢变子系统.针对快变子系统,采用速度差值反馈控制;针对慢变子系统,提出一种基于径向基神经网络的全阶滑模控制.其中径向基神经网络用于逼近系统未知非线性项,全阶滑模兼备结构简单、鲁棒性强等优点的同时,还能克服抖振问题.系统数值仿真结果证明了所提方案的有效性.     

惯性参数不确定的物料提升机位置控制

提出了一种单斗-链式旋臂物料提升机方案,研究了一种考虑物料惯性参数存在不确定情况下的提升机的非线性鲁棒位置控制方法.阐述了物料提升机的工作原理,采用第二类拉格朗日方程建立了物料提升机的动力学模型.假设控制力大小有界,基于一个给定的隐式李雅普诺夫函数设计了物料提升机的连续反馈位置控制器.控制器的增益是系统状态变量的可微函数,随着状态变量逐渐趋向于零,该增益逐渐趋向于无穷大,但是控制力始终满足给定的约束.基于牛顿迭代法与龙格-库塔法数值求解了系统的动力学方程.计算结果表明:所设计的控制器抑制了惯性参数摄动的影响,实现了物料提升机点到点的精确位置控制,具有较好地鲁棒性.     

基于分布估计算法的柔性机械手滑模控制器设计与优化

为了提高柔性机械手末端位置控制的鲁棒性和精度,提出基于分布估计算法(EDA)的滑模控制器优化方法.首先通过奇异摄动理论将柔性机械手动力学解耦为快慢2个子系统,分别设计含待定参数的快慢子系统的滑模控制器,然后给出了基于EDA的控制器优化策略,对滑模控制器进行优化.最后通过仿真与传统滑模控制进行对比试验,结果显示该方法在响应速度、超调量、控制精度以及振动抑制方面都优于传统的滑模控制算法.     

高速运动机器人动力学及控制策略研究

机器人高速运动时关节柔性会对关节轨迹造成较大影响,必须对其造成的振动加以研究和控制。文章通过简化机器人的柔性关节,从动力学角度对机器人高速工作过程进行仿真,分析关节柔性及其大小对关节轨迹的影响;采用奇异摄动复合控制策略,将高速机器人系统分为快、慢2个独立子系统,分别为其设计控制器,加和后作为整个系统的控制输入。控制系统仿真结果表明,该控制策略能够实现轨迹的精确跟踪和振动的有效抑制。     

神经网络鲁棒控制器应用于轧机缸位移闭环控制

针对轧机位置内环(APC)中存在着许多非线性不确定因素和慢时变参数的现象,提出一种神经网络鲁棒控制方法.这种控制方法采用线性模型与神经网络在线逼近非线性相结合共同辨识实际模型,在鲁棒控制的基础上加入神经网络逼近误差对系统进行控制,从而能有效的消除不确定性引起的控制误差.仿真研究表明,神经网络鲁棒控制器应用于APC的有效性及控制器的动态性能良好.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.