2种三疣梭子蟹居群线粒体Cyt b和S-rRNA基因片段序列变异研究

目的：通过对2种三疣梭子蟹居群样线粒体C弘b和S-rRNA基因片段的序列分析,探讨其遗传变异,为种质资源的管理、保存和利用提供依据．方法：采集山东潍坊和福建厦门两个不同居群的三疣梭子蟹样,提取其线粒体DNA．由Genebank获得三疣梭子蟹完整线粒体DNA序列（登陆号：NC_005037）,设计扩增Cyt b和S-rRNA基因片段引物,经PCR扩增获得预期产物,纯化后测序．结果：以提取的线粒体DNA为模板扩增出特异性强的Cyt b和S-rRNA基因片段,与预期条带长度429bp和465bp吻合;2个基因片段的AT含量均高于GC含量;Cyt b基因片段有3个位点发生了突变,S-rRNA只有1个位点发生了突变;在两种居群的4个突变位点中,2个位置突变为相同的碱基,且所有突变位点均呈转换方式．结论：Cyt b基因序列比S-rRNA基因序列具有相对高的突变率;研究的2个基因片段的突变位点的碱基置换主要呈转换方式;来自2个三疣梭子蟹居群样本的线粒体S-rRNA基因的突变发生在同一位点且突变为相同碱基,表明2个居群具有较近的亲缘关系．     

基于形状和位置可调非参数原子的信号波形提取方法

提出一种基于非参数原子的信号波形提取方法．将具有先验知识的模板信号通过一个均匀滤波器组得到一组基函数，并由此构造出用离散序列表示的非参数原子．滤波器组的采用以及子带信号的延时扩展使得构造的波形原子的形状和位置可以自适应地调节．基于奇异值分解技术导出了用非参数原子实现信号波形提取的算法．所提出的方法可以构造出无法用公式和参数描述的波形原子，可从信号中提取任意复杂的波形．实验结果表明，即使在模板信号的幅度、相位或频率与待分析波形存在较大差异时，仍可有效地将相应波形从信号中提取出来．     

非均匀无耗微带线分布电容电感的研究

利用FDTD方法结合电报方程对非均匀微带线的分布电容电感进行了提取,研究了不同介电常数衬底下微带线的分布电容电感以及相应的特性阻抗,并得到了分布电容电感、特性阻抗随结构参数的变化规律．讨论了弯曲结构和阶梯结构两种非均匀微带线的情况．     

非参数波形提取方法及应用

介绍了一种基于滤波器组的非参数波形提取方法,并将其应用于冲击信号的提取．该方法不需要构造参数表达的基函数,而是将具有信号先验知识的模板信号通过滤波器组得到一组基函数来提取隐藏在噪声中的信号．其原则是使基函数在各个子频带内匹配原始信号．给出了4种获取模板信号的方法．模板信号的选择使该方法在实际应用中具有良好的柔性和适应性．仿真信号和实验信号验证了非参数波形提取方法的有效性和实用性,即使是在噪声和信号频带重叠的情况下,也能将信号分离和提取出来．     

高阶谱分析在抗噪语音编码中的应用

将高阶谱分析技术应用于语音编码中以提高其抗噪声的性能,给出了两处利用高阶量提取语音参数的语音编解方案：a．采用高阶累积最小二乘直接估计法提取语音参数进行编码;b．采用高阶累积量SVD－TLS估计法提取语音参数进行编码,研究结果表明,这两种方案在噪声环境中工作时,具有极好的抗高棋朋色噪声和对称分布噪声的能力,总的抗噪性能明显优于传统的LPC声码器。     

细推物理须行乐——记世界物理年4位中科院院士到云南大学讲学访问

为纪念世界物理年,受云南大学邀请,2005年3月21日～30日,中国科学院郝柏林、孙义燧、李家明、葛墨林4位院士对云南大学进行了访问.21日4位院士先与云南大学非线性复杂系统中心的师生们进行了座谈,随后郝柏林院士和李家明院士在云南大学科学馆分别做了“Finding Genesin the Rice Genome”和“基础研究的乐趣”两场报告.郝柏林院士还于29日下午做了“数字文明:物理学和计算机”的报告.院士们的报告精彩生动,引人入胜,不时赢得台下热烈的掌声.报告结束后大家争相提问,院士们耐心细致地分别作了回答.郝柏林院士和李家明院士等大师们渊博的知识严谨的治学作风,谦虚的品格给在场的老师和同学们留下了深刻的印象.       

正交设计法优选千斤拔总生物碱的提取工艺

目的：筛选千斤拔药材中总生物碱的提取工艺．方法：以总生物碱的最大吸光度值为指标,采用正交实验设计法筛选生物碱的提取方法及其工艺参数．结果：千斤拔中总生物碱的最佳提取工艺为：酸水渗漉提取法,最佳提取工艺参数为硫酸浓度为3％,渗漉时间为12h,流速为1ml·min^-1．结论：采用该提取方法,可以得到较高产率的生物碱类成分：符合工业化生产要求．     

参数驱动实现两个非耦合神经元完全同步与相位同步

讨论了利用外部混沌信号或神经元膜电压实现两个初始条件不同的非耦合Hindmarsh-Rose(HR)神经元的同步问题：利用外部混沌信号调制两个相同的非耦合HR神经元的某些参数，当刺激强度达到某一阈值时最大条件Lyapunov指数(LCLE)变负，两个系统可实现完全同步；利用混沌信号调制两个存在参数差的非耦合HR神经元的输入电流，当刺激强度达到某一阈值时两个系统的最大条件Lyapunov指数都变负，两个HR神经元将实现相位同步．此项研究从实验的角度为实现非耦合神经元同步提供了可行的方法，为今后研究更加复杂的神经元系统打下了一定的理论基础．     

梨树苹果褪绿叶斑病毒在昆诺藜与梨树上的基因序列比较研究

以已知带苹果褪绿叶斑病毒的梨树叶片和皮层及昆诺藜为实验材料,对两种植物总RNA的提取、RT-PCR、目的片断的克隆及其酶切鉴定、基因序列进行了分析比较.结果表明,从两种植物中均可以获得高纯度的总RNA及RT-PCR特异性产物,序列分析结果表明,从梨树中提取的病毒目的片断基因序列与从昆诺藜中提取的病毒基因序列之间存在着差异,但差异不大.     

薏苡多糖的提取、分离与纯化工艺研究

目的：建立薏苡非种仁部位中多糖的提取、分离和纯化工艺．方法：利用正交设计优化薏苡多糖的提取工艺,用Sevag法和三氯乙酸法脱蛋白．结果：正交设计优选薏苡多糖的提取工艺为12倍量的水提取2次,每次1h;Sevag法和三氯乙酸法均能有效地除去多糖中的蛋白质．结论：本实验为薏苡多糖的提取分离的条件提供了参考,为薏苡的进一步开发研究提供依据．     

hTR基因反义表达质粒构建及序列分析

从人的脐带血管内皮细胞中提取基因组 DNA,通过 PCR方法扩增得到了人端粒酶RNA成分 ( human telomere RNA,h TR)的基因片段 ,扩增产物经酶切克隆到逆转录病毒载体p LNCX上 ,构建了 h TR基因的反义表达质粒 .序列分析结果表明 ,PCR扩增得到的 h TR基因的 DNA序列与所发表的序列完全一致 .构建的反义表达载体中的目的基因正确地反向插入到逆转录病毒载体 p LNCX的克隆位点上 ,构成了 h TR基因的反义表达质粒     

Localization of the region homologous to the Duchenne muscular dystrophy locus on the mouse X chromosome

Recent progress has resulted in part of the gene mutated in Duchenne and the milder Becker muscular dystrophies being cloned and has suggested that the gene itself extends over 1,000 to 2,000 kilobases (kb). To study how mutations in this gene affect muscle development and integrity, it would be of interest to have available a mouse model of the human disease. The mouse mdx mutation affects muscle and confers a mild dystrophic syndrome, but it is not clear whether this mutation is equivalent to Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy in man. Here we describe the use of two sequences from the human Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene that cross-hybridize to mouse X-linked sequences to localize the gene homologous to DMD in the mouse. Both sequences map to the region of 10 centimorgan lying between the Tabby (Ta) and St14-1 (DxPas8) loci, close to the phosphorylase b kinase locus (Phk). By analogy with the human X-chromosome, we conclude that the region in the mouse around the G6pd and St14-1 loci may contain two genes corresponding to distinct human myopathies: Emery Dreifuss muscular dystrophy which is known to be closely linked to St14-1 in man and the DMD homologue described here.     

DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 18

Chromosome 18 appears to have the lowest gene density of any human chromosome and is one of only three chromosomes for which trisomic individuals survive to term. There are also a number of genetic disorders stemming from chromosome 18 trisomy and aneuploidy. Here we report the finished sequence and gene annotation of human chromosome 18, which will allow a better understanding of the normal and disease biology of this chromosome. Despite the low density of protein-coding genes on chromosome 18, we find that the proportion of non-protein-coding sequences evolutionarily conserved among mammals is close to the genome-wide average. Extending this analysis to the entire human genome, we find that the density of conserved non-protein-coding sequences is largely uncorrelated with gene density. This has important implications for the nature and roles of non-protein-coding sequence elements.     

Sequence of the human insulin gene

The human insulin gene contains two intervening sequences, one is within the region transcribed into the 5'-untranslated segment of the mRNA and the other interrupts the C-peptide encoding region. A comparison of the human with the rat insulin genes indicates potential regulatory regions in the DNA segment preceding the gene and suggests that the ancestral form of the insulin gene had two intervening sequences.     

SRY基因在部分动物类群系统进化中保守性研究

用特异于人 HMG- box区域的一对引物 ,对脊推动物 5个纲 10个物种及 2种无脊推动物的基因组 DNA进行 PCR扩增 ,并以 dig标记的人 SRY基因为探针 ,与扩增产物进行 Southern杂交 ,结果表明 :在这 12个物种中都存在 SRY基因的同源序列 ,无脊推动物克氏螯虾及背角无齿蚌杂交中显色较慢 ,表明 SRY基因在系统进化中具有高度的保守性且同源程度与物种在进化上的地位有关     

Structure of the Ki-ras gene of the human lung carcinoma cell line Calu-1

The homologue of the viral Kirsten ras (v-Ki-ras) gene found in the human lung carcinoma cell line, Calu-1, has an intron-exon structure similar to that of the human homologue of the viral Harvey ras (v-Ha-ras) gene. A second, potential fourth coding exon is present in the human Ki-ras gene and similar sequences are found in the Kirsten murine sarcoma virus. Cysteine is encoded at the twelfth amino acid position, suggesting that the Calu-1 Ki-ras gene has undergone a mutational activation at the same position as the human Ha-ras gene of the bladder carcinoma cell line, T24. A comparison of their predicted amino acid sequences suggests that ras proteins have a 'constant' region and a 'variable' region. Here we propose a common modular structure for ras gene products in which the variable region forms a physiologically important combining site.     

Activation of Ki-ras2 gene in human colon and lung carcinomas by two different point mutations

Kirsten (Ki)-ras cDNA clones were prepared from human lung and colon carcinoma cell lines expressing an activated c-Ki-ras2 gene. DNA sequence analysis and transfection studies indicate that different point mutations at the same codon can activate the gene; that most human c-Ki-ras2 mRNA uses sequences from a fourth coding exon distinct from that of its viral counterpart; and that at least one cell line is functionally homozygous for the activated gene.     

Insertion of DNA sequences into the human chromosomal beta-globin locus by homologous recombination

A 'rescuable' plasmid containing globin gene sequences allowing recombination with homologous chromosomal sequences has enabled us to produce, score and clone mammalian cells with the plasmid integrated into the human beta-globin locus. The planned modification was achieved in about one per thousand transformed cells whether or not the target gene was expressed.     

Evolutionary relationships of human populations from an analysis of nuclear DNA polymorphisms

The genetic relationships of human populations have been studied by comparing gene frequency data for protein and blood-group loci of different populations. DNA analysis now promises to be more informative since not only do the DNA coding sequences have more variation than their corresponding proteins but, in addition, noncoding DNA sequences display more extensive polymorphism. We have now studied the frequency of a group of closely linked nuclear DNA polymorphisms (haplotypes) in the beta-globin gene cluster of normal (beta A) chromosomes of individuals from eight diverse populations. We have found that all non-African populations share a limited number of common haplotypes whereas Africans have predominantly a different haplotype not found in other populations. Genetic distance analysis based on these nuclear DNA polymorphisms indicates a major division of human populations into an African and a Eurasian group.