滚动窗口局部路径规划在未知环境中的应用

为了实现未知复杂环境下机器人的局部路径规划,提出了一种新的局部路径规划方法,使机器人自主探测周边障碍物情况.通过滚动窗口计算局部目标等途径进行路径规划,从而实现机器人无碰撞到达全局目标点.该方法可以使机器人在未知复杂环境中较快较好地进行路径规划.仿真试验表明该方法具有可行性、有效性和实时性.     

基于改进人工势场法的路径规划研究

针对传统的人工势场法在移动机器人路径规划中存在的目标不可达和局部极小值问题,提出了一种改进的人工势场法。首先,对目标点附近有障碍物时由于斥力较大,机器人难以到达目标点的问题,在势场中引入了安全距离因子,并对该参数进行了优化,从而使机器人与障碍物保持合适的距离,顺利到达目标点。其次,为解决局部极小值问题,引入了局部极小值判别条件,并在触发该条件时对局部极小区域进行绕行,使机器人顺利到达目标点。仿真结果表明,改进后的算法在不同数量的障碍物地图环境下运行,有较强的鲁棒性,所提出的算法可以使机器人在U型障碍物环境中绕过局部极小值区域,成功解决了移动机器人路径规划中的局部极小值问题。     

移动机器人避障路径规划改进人工势场法

针对路径规划中的大型障碍物,机器人、障碍物与目标点三者一线,以及局部最小值等困难问题,提出了相应的改进人工势场算法。针对大型障碍物问题,采用障碍物边界斥力算法改进传统人工势场斥力函数,确保算法的实用性。针对机器人、障碍物与目标点三者在同一条直线时目标不可达问题,应用虚拟子目标引力算法,确保目标点是机器人的势场全局最小点,使得机器人能顺利到达目标点。针对在障碍物环境下的局部最小值问题,采用区域隔离障碍物的方法,使机器人快速走出局部最小值区域。仿真结果验证了改进算法的有效性。     

改进人工势场法的移动机器人局部路径规划

针对传统人工势场法存在的局部极小点问题,提出了基于虚拟目标点和环境判断的改进方法,实现移动机器人的局部路径规划。当移动机器人陷入局部极小点陷阱时,设置虚拟目标点,引导机器人跳出局部极小点陷阱;同时加入环境判断条件,判断机器人是否处于近似封闭的障碍物环境中,是否有绕圈而无法到达目标点的危险;最后,对改进算法进行了仿真验证。结果表明,加入判断条件的虚拟目标点法在可能存在陷阱区域的运行环境(如一字型障碍物、U型障碍物、近似封闭的障碍物和混合障碍物)下,均能顺利到达目标点。     

室内动态环境下的移动机器人自主避障策略

针对室内未知动态环境移动机器人自主避障问题,提出一种融合动态障碍物方向判断策略及子目标点更新策略的自适应模糊神经网络优化避障算法,并依据该算法设计移动机器人避障控制系统。首先,分析移动机器人的运动模型,获取机器人的目标角度;然后由超声波传感器获取障碍物距离信息,由障碍物距离信息判断动态障碍物运动方向并更新子目标点;最后利用自适应模糊神经推理系统实时输出机器人的转向角与速度,实现对机器人转向角的控制,使机器人能够无碰撞地到达目标点。研究结果表明:本文提出的算法能够使移动机器人在未知动态环境下识别障碍物、判断动态障碍物的运动方向以实现自主避障;相对于无子目标点更新策略,移动机器人平均移动速度提高11.75%,验证了所提算法的有效性。     

一种移动机器人动态环境下的路径规划

一种动态环境下自主机器人路径规划的方法由趋于目标的全局运动规划和躲避障碍物的局部运动规划两部分组成.首先通过栅格法建立机器人的工作环境,利用蚁群算法初步规划出机器人的全局优化路径;在此基础上,采用滚动窗口的方法进行局部环境探测和碰撞预测,对动态障碍物实行局部避碰,使机器人安全顺利地到达目的地.该方法适用于环境中同时存在静止和动态障碍物的情况.仿真结果证明该方法有效.     

基于改进人工势场的智能车动态避障算法

针对传统人工势场法在动态环境中易与障碍物发生碰撞的问题,采用了一种适用于动态环境的改进型人工势场法。通过进行局部极小值检测并增设虚拟子目标点,解决了传统人工势场法存在的局部最优问题;通过引入智能车和目标点的相对距离因子对障碍物的斥力势场进行调控,使目标点处的合力势场为全局最小值,减少了障碍物在目标点附近对智能车的影响,使智能车顺利到达目标点;通过在斥力势场函数中引入障碍物相对速度势场和道路边界势场,解决了动态障碍物条件下人工势场法经常面临的碰撞问题。仿真实验结果显示,改进后的人工势场算法可以在动态障碍物环境中规划出一条安全可靠的行驶路径。     

基于改进人工势场的水下机器人路径规划

针对传统人工势场法中的局部极小点问题,引入势场栅格对水下机器人的运动环境建模,基于障碍物对每个栅格节点的不同影响构建了改进的人工势场.通过累计水下机器人路径所经过的栅格点的势能与路径本身长度的势能,完成势能累计最小的最优路径的搜索.针对不同的栅格数目环境、多障碍物密集环境及目标点近距离接近障碍物的环境分别进行了规划仿真...     

基于模糊神经控制的移动机器人避障研究

机器人路径规划技术是机器人研究的一个重要领域,其主要任务是在机器人工作空间中寻求一条从起始点到达目标点的无碰撞路径,并且满足路径最短或时间最短等条件。由于精确的系统模型参数和传感器数据的获取比较困难,传统的路径规划方法具有很大的局限性。模糊逻辑算法不依赖精确的数学模型和环境信息,对于机器人路径规划问题具有明显优势。本文基于模糊控制方法研究了未知环境下的机器人局部路径规划问题。     

基于双层模糊控制器的动态路径规划

为解决没有通信情况下的多机器人系统在未知动态环境下的路径规划问题,设计了采用双层模糊控制器方法的危险度模糊控制器和速度模糊控制器.危险度模糊控制器充分考虑了运动障碍物的速度信息,把机器人同障碍物之间的碰撞可能性用基于碰撞时间因子和碰撞距离因子的碰撞危险度来表示,使之更适合于动态的环境.速度模糊控制器的输入充分考虑了目标...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.