Effect of TiB_2 and Al_3Ti on the microstructure,mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of near eutectic Al-12.6Si alloy

A near eutectic Al-12.6 Si alloy was developed with 0.0 wt%, 2.0 wt%, 4.0 wt%, and 6.0 wt% Al-5 Ti-1 B master alloy. The microstructural morphology, hardness, tensile strength, elongation, and fracture behaviour of the alloys were studied. The unmodified Al-12.6 Si alloy has an irregular needle and plate-like eutectic silicon(E_(Si)) and coarse polygonal primary silicon(P_(Si)) particles in the matrix-like α-Al phase.The P_(Si), E_(Si), and α-Al morphology and volume fraction were changed due to the addition of the Al-5 Ti-1 B master alloy. The hardness, UTS,and elongation improved due to the microstructural modification. Nano-sized in-situ Al_3Ti particles and ex-situ TiB_2 particles caused the microstructural modification. The fracture images of the developed alloys exhibit a ductile and brittle mode of fracture at the same time. The Al-5 Ti-1 B modified alloys have a more ductile mode of fracture and more dimples compared to the unmodified alloy.     

构建TiO2柱状多层石墨烯纳米复合材料作为降解环丙沙星的高效光催化剂

We successfully constructed TiO₂-pillared multilayer graphene nanocomposites (T-MLGs) via a facile method as follows: dodecanediamine pre-pillaring, ion exchange (Ti4+ pillaring), and interlayer in-situ formation of TiO₂ by hydrothermal method. TiO₂ nanoparticles were distributed uniformly on the graphene interlayer. The special structure combined the advantages of graphene and TiO₂ nanoparticles. As a result, T-MLGs with 64.3wt% TiO₂ showed the optimum photodegradation rate and adsorption capabilities toward ciprofloxacin. The photodegradation rate of T-MLGs with 64.3wt% TiO₂ was 78% under light-emitting diode light irradiation for 150 min. Meanwhile, the pseudo-first-order rate constant of T-MLGs with 64.3wt% TiO₂ was 3.89 times than that of pristine TiO₂. The composites also exhibited high stability and reusability after five consecutive photocatalytic tests. This work provides a facile method to synthesize semiconductor-pillared graphene nanocomposites by replacing TiO₂ nanoparticles with other nanoparticles and a feasible means for sustainable utilization of photocatalysts in wastewater control.     

pH值对β-MnO2颗粒光催化去除银离子的影响

The presence of silver ions (Ag(I)) in wastewater has a detrimental effect on living organisms. Removal of soluble silver, especially at low concentrations, is challenging. This paper presents the use of β-MnO₂ particles as a photocatalyst to remove Ag(I) ions selectively from aqueous solution at various pH levels. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS) were employed to determine the removal efficiency and to characterize the deposition of silver onto the surface of β-MnO₂ particles. The optimum pH for the removal of Ag(I) ions was at pH 4 with 99% removal efficiency under 1 h of visible light irradiation. This phenomenon can be attributed to the electrostatic attraction between β-MnO₂ particles and Ag(I) ions as well as the suppression of electron–hole recombination in the presence of H+ ions.     

强耦合非晶态Sb2S3球与碳纳米管中的钠离子和锂离子存储

A facile one-step strategy involving the reaction of antimony chloride with thioacetamide at room temperature is successfully developed for the synthesis of strongly coupled amorphous Sb₂S₃ spheres and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Benefiting from the unique amorphous structure and its strongly coupled effect with the conductive network of CNTs, this hybrid electrode (Sb₂S₃@CNTs) exhibits remarkable sodium and lithium storage properties with high capacity, good cyclability, and prominent rate capability. For sodium storage, a high capacity of 814 mAh·g?1 at 50 mA·g?1 is delivered by the electrode, and a capacity of 732 mAh·g?1 can still be obtained after 110 cycles. Even up to 2000 mA·g?1, a specific capacity of 584 mAh·g?1 can be achieved. For lithium storage, the electrode exhibits high capacities of 1136 and 704 mAh·g?1 at 100 and 2000 mA·g?1, respectively. Moreover, the cell holds a capacity of 1104 mAh·g?1 under 100 mA·g?1 over 110 cycles. Simple preparation and remarkable electrochemical properties make the Sb₂S₃@CNTs electrode a promising anode for both sodium-ion (SIBs) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).     

不同温度下CeO2预煅烧对甲醇氧化反应中Pt/CeO2–C电催化剂性能的影响

Pt/CeO₂–C catalysts with CeO₂ pre-calcined at 300–600°C were synthesized by combining hydrothermal calcination and wet impregnation. The effects of the pre-calcined CeO₂ on the performance of Pt/CeO₂–C catalysts in methanol oxidation were investigated. The Pt/CeO₂–C catalysts with pre-calcined CeO₂ at 300–600°C showed an average particle size of 2.6–2.9 nm and exhibited better methanol electro-oxidation catalytic activity than the commercial Pt/C catalyst. In specific, the Pt/CeO₂–C catalysts with pre-calcined CeO₂ at 400°C displayed the highest electrochemical surface area value of 68.14 m2·g?1 and I_f/I_b ratio (the ratio of the forward scanning peak current density (I_f) and the backward scanning peak current density (I_b)) of 1.26, which are considerably larger than those (53.23 m2·g?1 and 0.79, respectively) of the commercial Pt/C catalyst, implying greatly enhanced CO tolerance.     

单斜相SrAl2Si2O8陶瓷的烧结及其对Sr的固化

Monoclinic SrAl₂Si₂O₈ ceramics for Sr immobilization were prepared by a liquid-phase sintering method. The sintering temperature, mineral phase composition, microstructure, flexural strength, bulk density, and Sr ion leaching characteristics of the SrAl₂Si₂O₈ ceramics were investigated. A crystalline monoclinic SrAl₂Si₂O₈ phase formed through liquid-phase sintering at 1223 K. The introduction of four flux agents (B₂O₃, CaO·2B₂O₃, SrO·2B₂O₃, and BaO·2B₂O₃) to the SrAl₂Si₂O₈ ceramics not only reduced the densification temperature and decreased the volatilization of Sr during high-temperature sintering but also impacted the mechanical properties of the ceramics. Product consistency tests showed that the leaching concentration of Sr ions in the sample with flux agent B₂O₃ was the lowest, whereas that of Sr ions in the sample with flux agent BaO·2B₂O₃ was the highest. These results show that the leaching concentration of Sr ions depends largely on the amorphous phase in the ceramics. Meanwhile, the formation of mineral analog ceramics containing Sr is an important factor to improve Sr immobilization.     

Si/Al、Na/Al和H2O/Na2O摩尔比对无机铝硅酸盐涂层甲醛阻隔性能的影响

Wood-based panels containing urea-formaldehyde resin result in the long-term release of formaldehyde and threaten human health. In this study, inorganic aluminosilicate coatings prepared by combining metakaolin, silica fume, NaOH, and H₂O were applied to the surfaces of wood-based panels to obstruct formaldehyde release. The Si/Al, Na/Al, and H₂O/Na₂O molar ratios of the coatings were regulated to investigate their effects on the structure and formaldehyde-resistant barrier properties of coatings. Results showed that the cracks in the coatings gradually disappeared and the formaldehyde resistance rates of the barrier increased as the Si/Al molar ratio was increased from 1.6 to 2.2. This value also increased as the Na/Al molar ratio was increased from 0.9 to 1.2 because of the improvement of the degree of polymerization. As the H₂O/Na₂O molar ratio was increased from 12 to 15, the thickness of the dry film decreased gradually and led to the reduction in the formaldehyde resistance rate. When the Si/Al, Na/Al, and H₂O/Na₂O molar ratios were 2.2, 1.2, and 12, respectively, the inorganic aluminosilicate coating showed good performance as a formaldehyde-resistant barrier and its formaldehyde resistance rate could reach up to 83.2%.     

低氧LiF–NdF3熔盐体系阳极过程的电化学行为研究

The oxidation of oxygen ions and the generation of an anode effect at a low oxygen content of 150 mg/kg were discussed in this paper. Cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry tests were conducted to explore the anodic processes of LiF–NdF₃ melt after a lengthy period of pre-electrolysis purification at 1000°C (during which the oxygen content reduced from 413 to 150 mg/kg). The oxidation process of oxygen ions was found to have two stages: oxidation product adsorption and CO/CO₂ gas evolution. The adsorption stage was controlled by diffusion, whereas the gas evolution was controlled by the electrochemical reaction. In comparison with oxygen content of 413 mg/kg, the decrease in the amplitude of the current at low oxygen content of 150 mg/kg was much gentler during the forward scanning process when the anode effect occurred. Fluorine-ion oxidation peaks that occurred at about 4.2 V vs. Li/Li+ could be clearly observed in the reverse scanning processes, in which fluorine ions were oxidized and perfluorocarbons were produced, which resulted in an anode effect.     

气体扩散层集流体对Ni(OH)2纳米结构电化学性能的影响

We report the electrochemical performance of Ni(OH)₂ on a gas diffusion layer (GDL). The Ni(OH)₂ working electrode was successfully prepared via a simple method, and its electrochemical performance in 1 M NaOH electrolyte was investigated. The electrochemical results showed that the Ni(OH)₂/GDL provided the maximum specific capacitance value (418.11 F·g?1) at 1 A·g?1. Furthermore, the Ni(OH)₂ electrode delivered a high specific energy of 17.25 Wh·kg?1 at a specific power of 272.5 W·kg?1 and retained about 81% of the capacitance after 1000 cycles of galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) measurements. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the occurrence of sodium deposition after long-time cycling, which caused the reduction in the specific capacitance. This study results suggest that the light-weight GDL, which can help overcome the problem of the oxide layer on metal–foam substrates, is a promising current collector to be used with Ni-based electroactive materials for energy storage applications.     

CoO/SnO2@NC/S复合材料的制备及其应用于高稳定性锂硫电池正极材料

To improve the sulfur loading capacity of lithium-sulfur batteries (Li–S batteries) cathode and avoid the inevitable “shuttle effect”, hollow N doped carbon coated CoO/SnO₂ (CoO/SnO₂@NC) composite has been designed and prepared by a hydrothermal-calcination method. The specific surface area of CoO/SnO₂@NC composite is 85.464 m2·g–1, and the pore volume is 0.1189 cm3·g–1. The hollow core-shell structure as a carrier has a sulfur loading amount of 66.10%. The initial specific capacity of the assembled Li–S batteries is 395.7 mAh·g–1 at 0.2 C, which maintains 302.7 mAh·g–1 after 400 cycles. When the rate increases to 2.5 C, the specific capacity still has 221.2 mAh·g–1. The excellent lithium storage performance is attributed to the core-shell structure with high specific surface area and porosity. This structure effectively increases the sulfur loading, enhances the chemical adsorption of lithium polysulfides, and reduces direct contact between CoO/SnO₂ and the electrolyte.     

Cu和La对Al-12.6Si合金微观组织和性能的影响

研究了La加入量为0.3%时,铜质量分数(0.3%,0.8%,1.3%,1.8%和2.5%)对共晶铝硅合金(Al-12.6Si)微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:当La的加入量为0.3%时,共晶硅由片状和针状变为点状和短棒状,达到了完全变质的状态.随着铜加入量的增加,合金中的Al2Cu相的数量增多、尺寸增加,合金的抗拉强度和硬度逐渐增大,延伸率有所下降;当Cu加入量为2.5%时,Al-12.6Si-2.5Cu-0.3La合金的抗拉强度为241.4MPa,延伸率为4.82%,硬度为83.9HV,与Al-12.6Si合金相比这些力学指标分别提高了58.1%,41.8%和30.9%,合金的力学性能...     

共晶硅立体形态对铝硅合金力学行为的影响

本文采用全腐蚀的方法,考察了热处理时共晶硅立体形态的变化过程以及Na变质的影响,表明Na变质使共晶硅在热处理时迅速粒状化为近等轴颗粒。从理论上分析了共晶硅立体形态对铝硅合金力学行为的影响,并通过对合金的力学性能测试和断口电镜分析进行验证,指出了可以通过Na变质和热处理综合控制共晶硅形态以提高合金的韧性。     

Grain refinement of Mg-Li-Al cast alloys by adding typical master alloys

Commercial Al-3Ti-1C and Al-5Ti-1B master alloys were added in order to refine the grains of Mg-Li-Al alloys.The effects of their addition levels on grain refinement of Mg-Li-Al cast alloy were investigated and the mechanism of the grain refinement was discussed.The results showed that the addition of Al-3Ti-1C master alloy reduced the grain size of LA141 cast alloy from 900μm to 400μm,while the addition of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy reduced the grain size of LA51 cast alloy from 500μm to 240μm.The grain ref...     

On the characterization of microstructure and fracture in a high-pressure die-casting Al-10 wt%Si alloy

Microstructure and fracture behavior in a high-pressure die-casting Al-10 wt%Si alloy have been investigated using optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM) and a high-resolution laboratory computed tomography(CT).The results showed that a typical heterogeneous microstructure of the alloy comprised α-Al rich region,eutectic silicon band region and porosity.The microstructure patterns highly dependent on fluid convection and rapid solidification.Under high filling speed,externally solidified crystals(ESCs) and the growing dendrites migrated in center and formed α-Al rich region.Si particles was discharged and enriched in the final solidified liquid,forming eutectic silicon band.Hard Si particles and brittle Fe-rich phases served as obstacles prevented dislocation migration,causing local stress concentration.Due to large movable slip systems in α-Al rich region,the propagation path of the crack was greatly extended.Net-shrinkage that induced by dense impinging dendrites led to the microcracks along the boundary of dendrites which promoted intergranular fracture.     

Evaluation of precipitation hardening in TiC-reinforced Ti<Subscript>2</Subscript>AlNb-based alloys

Ti₂AlNb-based alloys with 0.0wt%, 0.6wt%, and 2.0wt% carbon nanotube (CNT) addition were fabricated from spherical Ti-22Al-25Nb powder by sintering in the B2 single-phase region. Phase identification and microstructural examination were performed to evaluate the effect of carbon addition on the hardness of the alloys. Carbon was either in a soluble state or in carbide form depending on its concentration. The acicular carbides formed around 1050℃ were identified as TiC and facilitated the transformation of α₂+B2 → O. The TiC was located within the acicular O phase. The surrounding O phase was distributed in certain orientations with angles of 65° or 90° O phase particles. The obtained alloy was composed of acicular O, Widmanstatten B2+O, and acicular TiC. As a result of the precipitation of carbides as well as the O phase, the hardness of the alloy with 2.0wt% CNT addition increased to HV 429±9.     

冷却速度对Zn--5 Al--0.1 RE--x Si合金显微组织及耐蚀性能的影响

运用扫描电子显微镜/能谱仪、X射线衍射、盐雾实验、电极化曲线等手段,研究冷却速度和Si对Zn-5Al-0.1RE合金组织及耐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,Zn-5Al-0.1RE-xSi合金由先析出的?-Zn和?-Zn+α-Al共晶组织组成,前者均匀分布在相邻的?-Zn+α-Al共晶胞的边界上.降低冷却速度和Si的加入,均使Zn-5Al-0.1RE-xSi合金单位面积的晶粒增大,晶界减少,合金耐蚀性能提高. Zn-5Al-0.1RE-xSi合金耐蚀性能的差异与合金凝固组织及合金腐蚀产物中Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O和ZnO的相对量有关.     

Al-Ti-C-B中间合金对高铝锌基合金组织和性能的影响

研究了Al-6.53Ti-0.3C-0.46B中间合金（Ti:C＞4:1）对高铝锌基合金的组织和性能的影响,结果表明,加入适量的中间合金可显著细化合金的显微组织,初生富铝α相从粗大的树枝晶转变为细小均匀等轴晶,等轴晶尺寸30~50 μm。砂型铸造条件下,合金的伸长率从1.7%提高到10.0%,拉伸强度在410 MPa左右。金属型铸造条件下, 合金的伸长率从1.0%提高到16.0%,拉伸强度约407 MPa。尽管组织显著细化,但拉伸强度并没有显著增加。高铝锌基合金组织细化的机理主要通过加入Al-Ti-C-B中间合金增加了异质形核质点。     

Effects of Sr addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of in-situ ZrB_2 nanoparticles reinforced AlSi9Cu3 composites

The effects of Sr addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of in-situ ZrB_2 nanoparticles reinforced AlSi9Cu3 composites synthesized via direct melt reaction were systematically investigated. The addition of Sr could modify the morphology of eutectic silicon particles and refine the second dendrite arm spacing of α-Al dendrites.Alternatively, the ZrB_2 nanoparticles were also refined and distributed more homogenously, and nanoparticle agglomerations were reduced with the addition of Sr element. The results demonstrated that the addition of 0.06 wt% of Sr element can reach the optimal refinement of the second dendrite arm spacing of α-Al and the modification of eutectic Si. In this case, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation reached 330 MPa, 226 MPa and 15.70%, respectively, which were remarkably enhancement in comparison with the base alloy.     

强磁场对铝硅合金变质效果的影响

为解决Al-Si合金存在的Na变质重熔失效和有效时间短及P变质处理后初晶Si偏聚问题,利用施加强磁场的方法,分别对亚共晶Al-6%Si合金和共晶Al-12.6%Si合金进行Na盐变质处理,对过共晶Al-18%Si合金进行P盐变质处理.结果发现对于亚共晶Al-6%Si合金,施加强磁场的条件下重熔,Na变质没有失效;对于共晶Al-12.6%Si合金,施加强磁场延长了变质有效时间;对于过共晶Al-18%Si合金,施加强磁场使凝固组织中的初晶Si相均匀分布.强磁场有助于改善Al-Si合金的变质效果.     

Ti-6Al-4V合金镀渗Ni-P合金后的组织结构与耐磨性

本文对Ti-6Al-4V合全化学镀Ni-P合金后,在氩气中经1123K扩散0.5—7h试样的相组成、组织、硬度及耐磨性进行了研究。结果指出:渗层组织共分五层,其中最外层是由Ni_5P_2、Ni_3P和Ti_(1.7)P三种磷化物组成的混合物分布在Ni_3Ti基体上的复相组织,硬度高达HK900。 磨损试验在Skoda-Savin磨损试验机上进行。研究结果表明,Ti-6Al-4V经镀渗Ni-P后,从根本上消除了钛及钛合金在磨损过程中的粘着现象,从而极大地提高了耐磨性。