热浸Zn-Al-Mg和Zn-Al-Mg-Si合金镀层的组织与耐腐蚀性

对比研究热浸镀Zn-0.5Al-1.5Mg、Zn-2Al-1.5Mg和Zn-2Al-1.5Mg-0.3Si合金镀层组织与耐腐蚀性。用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪分析了合金镀层的组成相和显微组织,用全浸腐蚀试验和中性盐雾试验表征了合金镀层的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:Zn-Al-Mg和Zn-Al-Mg-Si合金镀层主要由Zn相、Al相和Mg Zn2相组成;合金镀层主要含有Zn+Mg Zn2二元共晶组织和Zn+Al+Mg Zn2三元共晶组织;Al和Si有细化镀层晶粒作用,添加Si能提高Zn-Al-Mg-Si合金镀层的耐腐蚀性能。     

生物医用Zn-5Al合金的微观组织与性能

研究了生物医用Zn-5Al合金的微观组织结构演化,探讨了其组织对力学性能的影响.对铸态、均匀化处理和轧制态Zn-5Al合金的微观组织进行了表征,分析了合金的相组成,测试了轧制态Zn-5Al合金的力学性能.结果表明:铸态与均匀化处理后的Zn-5Al合金的相组成均主要为η-Zn相和α-Al相,铸态合金组织片层间距约为300nm.均匀化处理过程中发生了共析反应,合金中的α-Al相由铸态的长条形演变为球形共晶组织.经过总变形率85%的热轧变形后,Zn-5Al合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为98MPa和130MPa,断裂延伸率达到74%.     

铸态Zn-Al-Sn-Bi合金在模拟酸雨溶液中的腐蚀性能

分别制备了Zn-15Al-1Sn-0.1Bi,Zn-15Al-3Sn-0.1Bi,Zn-15Al-5Sn-0.1Bi,Zn-15Al-7Sn-0.1Bi合金试样,研究在锌中加入Al、Sn和Bi元素提高合金综合性能和酸雨环境下的耐腐蚀能力,通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、EDS能谱分析,观察合金的微观组织特征及成分,并研究其在模拟酸雨溶液中的浸态腐蚀性能及电化学腐蚀性能,结果表明:Zn-15Al-5Sn-0.1Bi合金具有平均腐蚀速率低,自腐蚀电流密度小,硬度和强度高,耐酸雨腐蚀能力强等特点.     

热海水中热浸镀用锌及锌铝合金的电化学性能

为了定量比较不同热浸镀层用金属(或合金)在热海水中对钢铁基体的阴极保护作用,参照国标GB/T 17848-1999的要求对几种典型的热浸镀用锌及锌铝合金测试了50℃条件下的恒电流性能,计算了电流效率,观察了腐蚀产物脱落情况及腐蚀均匀性,并据此评价了它们的电化学保护性能.结果表明:Zn的电化学性能最好,Zn-55Al-1.6Si合金的电化学性能最差,Zn-5Al-0.1RE,Zn-5Al-0.5Mg,Zn-6Al-3Mg,Zn-11Al-0.2Si-3Mg,Zn-25Al-0.2Si-0.2Mg和Zn-25Al-0.2Si-0.2RE合金介于二者之间.     

Mn元素对过流冷却过共晶Al-22Si-2Fe-xMn合金显微组织及耐磨性的影响

采用常规铸造和分段式倾斜板过流冷却铸造工艺制备Al-22Si-2Fe-xMn合金,研究表明:过流冷却制备工艺能够改善初生Si形貌及尺寸,但对针状富Fe相作用有限.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射及透射电镜等手段分析过流冷却条件下Mn元素添加对富Fe相晶体结构的影响,通过摩擦磨损实验研究不同Mn/Fe质量比的过共晶Al-Si合金的硬度及耐磨损性能.结果表明:随着过流冷却铸造过共晶Al-Si合金中Mn/Fe质量比增加,合金中四方结构的长针状富Fe相逐渐减少直至基本消失,当Mn/Fe质量比为0.7时,富Fe相主要为六方结构的块状或鱼骨状α-Al15(Fe,Mn)3Si2相,此时,合金耐磨性较未添加Mn元素时有所提升,磨损机制以磨料磨损方式为主.     

铸态和沉积态Al-25Si-5Fe-3Cu合金的显微组织与相形成

采用常规铸造和喷射成形工艺制备了含硅达25%(质量分数)的过共晶Al-Si合金,利用SEM(EDS)、XRD和DSC等分析方法对合金的显微组织和相熔解析出进行了分析研究.结果表明,铸态合金含有粗大块状初晶Si相和粗大针片状含铁相,而喷射成形工艺能够使二者的尺寸、形貌发生改变而有利于合金性能的提高.同时,铸态和沉积态合金中均含有基体Al、初晶Si和Al2Cu相,不同的是铸态合金中含铁相主要为δ-Al4FeSi2相,而沉积态合金中以β-Al5FeSi相为主.分析其原因主要是糊状层的存在引起沉积坯冷却速度降低而导致沉积坯中发生δ-Al4FeSi2相的转变及共晶组织增加,致使沉积态合金中β-Al5FeSi相为主要含铁相.采用DSC实验对沉积态合金在熔化和凝固过程中发生的反应进行了讨论.     

Al-5.0Zn-3.0Mg-1.0Cu-0.1Zr合金的淬火敏感性

通过分级淬火的方法确定Al-5.0Zn-3.0Mg-1.0Cu-0.1Zr合金的时间-温度-性能(TTP)曲线,并结合7050及7085合金考察成分对淬火敏感性的影响。研究结果表明:Al-5.0Zn-3.0Mg-1.0Cu-0.1Zr合金T76状态的TTP曲线鼻尖温度为325℃,临界时间为1.554 s,99.5%的TTP曲线保温时间为100 s,合金的淬火敏感区间为200~410℃;该合金在等温保温过程中析出η相,消耗Zn和Mg,降低合金的过饱和程度,削弱后续时效强化的效果;合金时效后,在这些η相周围形成无沉淀析出区;Al-5.0Zn-3.0Mg-1.0Cu-0.1Zr合金具有较低的淬火敏感性,该合金淬火冷却速度可以选择介于7050合金冷却速度与7085合金冷却速度之间。     

均匀化处理温度对6082铝合金组织和性能的影响

采用硬度、电导率测试、金相显微镜、X线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜和能谱分析技术,研究均匀化温度对合金组织和性能的影响.研究结果表明:铸态合金由α-Al固溶体和非平衡共晶相组成;490～510℃均匀化,Mg2Si相从过饱和固溶体中析出,在510℃以上均匀化,随着温度的升高,Mg2Si又逐步回溶到基体中,560℃均匀化,Mg2Si相和过剩单质Si完全溶解;随着均匀化温度的升高,非平衡析出物鱼骨状共晶形态逐渐消失,针状β-AlMnFeSi溶解、断裂,转变为具有更高(Mn+Fe)/Si比值颗粒状α-Al(MnFe)Si相,析出相在高温均匀化过程中聚集、球化;560℃均匀化,析出物的连续网状结构转变成链状结构,析出物演化为等轴粒状α-Al(MnFe)Si相.均匀化过程中合金中析出弥散α-Al(MnFe)Si相;在490～560℃保温6h均匀化处理,温度升高,合金的硬度和电导率分别升高和降低.     

Al含量对Zn—Al合金超塑性的影响

用恒载荷和恒夹头速度蠕为法研究了Zn－2．5Al、Zn－5Al和Zn－10Al合金的超塑性。研究表明，Zn－5Al共晶合金的超塑性优于亚共晶合金Zn-10Al及过共晶合金Zn－2．5Al，其优异的超塑性来源于细密的层片状共晶组织（α－β）。Zn－5Al合金的组织全部为（α＋β）共晶体，变形抗力低，晶界滑移均匀；Zn－10Al合金的α／β界面较Zn－5Al的少，超塑性也不如Zn－5Al的好；Zn-2.5Al合金的组织为（α＋β）＋β，（α＋β）共晶体主要包含α／β界面，超塑变形时易滑移，先共晶的β相包含β／β界面，超塑变形时不易发生滑移。随着拉伸速度的减小，合金的流变应力减小，延伸率增大。轧制变形量的合金，其超塑性也好。     

离心铸造Zn-Al-Mg-Si合金及其自生表面复合材料

采用热模金属型工艺，离心铸造Zn-27Al-9．8Mg-5．2Si和Zn-27Al-6．3Mg-3．7Si合金，获得了内层聚集大量块状初生Mg2Si、少量初生Si，中层不含初生Mg2Si、Si，外层含有初生Mg2Si、Si的自生表面复合材料．考察了成分、模具温度、转速、变质处理对离心铸造Zn-Al-Mg-Si合金组织和结构的影响．结果表明，Zn-27Al-9．8Mg-5．2Si合金自生复合材料内、外层的厚度比Zn-27Al-6．3Mg-3．7Si的厚度厚，初生Mg2Si的数量更多；随着转速增加，Zn-Al-6．3Mg-3．7Si合金自生复合材料的内层厚度增加，外层厚度减少；Na盐变质能够细化晶粒和初生Mg2Si，使初生Mg2Si分布更均匀，使初生Si团球化．最后分析了复合材料的成形过程．     

Brazing 6061 aluminum alloy with Al-Si-Zn filler metals containing Sr

Al-6.5Si-42Zn and Al-6.5Si-42Zn-0.09Sr filler metals were used for brazing 6061 aluminum alloy. Air cooling and water cooling were applied after brazing. Si phase morphologies in the brazing alloy and the brazed joints were investigated. It was found that zinc in the Al-Si filler metals could reduce the formation of eutectic Al-Si phase and lower the brazing temperature at about 520℃. Adding 0.09wt% Sr element into the Al-6.5Si-42Zn alloy caused α-Al phase refinement and transformed acicular Si phase into the finely fiber-like. After water cooling, Zn element dissolved into the Al-Si eutectic area, and η-Zn phase disappeared in the brazed joints. Tensile strength testing results showed that the Sr-modified filler metal could enhance the strength of the brazed joints by 13% than Al-12Si, while water-cooling further improved the strength at 144 MPa.     

TiB2和Al3Ti对近共晶Al?12.6Si合金组织、力学性能和断裂行为的影响

A near eutectic Al?12.6Si alloy was developed with 0.0wt%, 2.0wt%, 4.0wt%, and 6.0wt% Al?5Ti?1B master alloy. The microstructural morphology, hardness, tensile strength, elongation, and fracture behaviour of the alloys were studied. The unmodified Al?12.6Si alloy has an irregular needle and plate-like eutectic silicon (E_Si) and coarse polygonal primary silicon (P_Si) particles in the matrix-like α-Al phase. The P_Si, E_Si, and α-Al morphology and volume fraction were changed due to the addition of the Al?5Ti?1B master alloy. The hardness, UTS, and elongation improved due to the microstructural modification. Nano-sized in-situ Al₃Ti particles and ex-situ TiB₂ particles caused the microstructural modification. The fracture images of the developed alloys exhibit a ductile and brittle mode of fracture at the same time. The Al?5Ti?1B modified alloys have a more ductile mode of fracture and more dimples compared to the unmodified alloy.     

Influence of Nd and Y additions on the corrosion behaviour of extruded Mg-Zn-Zr alloys

To improve the corrosion resistance of wrought magnesium alloys through rare earth (RE) additions, the corrosion behaviour of Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr-xNd (x=0, 1, and 2; wt%) and Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr-2Nd-yY (y=0.5 and 1; wt%) alloys in a 5wt% NaCl solution was investigated using immersion test and electrochemical measurements. The results of immersion test show that Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr-2Nd alloy exhibits the best corrosion resistance among the tested alloys. Electrochemical measurements show that secondary phases in RE-containing Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr alloys behave as less noble cathodes in micro-galvanic corrosion and suppress the cathodic process. The additions of Nd and Y into Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr alloy also improve the compactness of the corrosion product film and are beneficial to the corrosion resistance.     

稀土Ce掺杂铝合金阳极的结构和电化学性能

通过向Al-5Zn-0．05In-0．1Sn铝舍金基体中添加不同量的稀土元素Ce，制得一系列含稀土Ce的合金。采用扫描电镜和能谱分析，研究稀土对铝合金阳极微观组织的影响，并进行将稀土铝舍金用作铝空气电池阳极的电化学性能测试。研究结果表明：当Ce的含量不大于0．5％时，细化枝晶的效果较好；添加稀土元素Ce，铝舍金阳极的自腐蚀电位负移，放电稳定性和放电电压提高；当以50mA／cm^2的电流密度恒流放电时，Ce含量为0．3％的舍金放电性能最好，放电电压为1．118V，放电时间达到13h；添加稀土元素Ce能改善铝舍金阳极的耐腐蚀性能。     

稀土Y对Al-8%Mn合金微观组织和性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子探针和X射线衍射仪,研究了Al-8%Mn合金熔体中添加稀土Y质量分数对合金微观组织的作用机制,并分析了稀土Y添加量对合金力学性能和耐蚀性能的影响规律.结果表明:稀土Y能有效细化Al-8%Mn合金中的Al₆Mn化合物相和α-Al相.当Y的添加质量分数为3%时,细化效果最佳,使Al₆Mn相的形貌由粗大板条状和块状转变为细小块状,平均尺寸由未细化前的67.4 μm减小到36.5 μm,α-Al由粗大的柱状晶细化成等轴晶,其平均尺寸减小至48 μm.稀土Y添加后Al-8%Mn合金的抗拉强度和延伸率分别由组织未细化前的126 MPa和1.47%增加到141 MPa和2.26%,分别提高了12.0%和76.9%.此外,在30 g NaCl+10 mL HCl+1 L H₂O溶液中的腐蚀研究表明,随着Al-8%Mn合金中稀土Y添加量的增加,合金的抗蚀性能逐渐变差.     

Rapid solidification of acoustically levitated Al-Cu-Si eutectic alloy under laser irradiation

Al-27%Cu-5.3%Si ternary eutectic alloy was melted using a YAG laser and then solidified while being acoustically levitated. A maximum undercooling to 195 K (0.24 TL) was achieved with a cooling rate of 76 K/s. The solidification microstructure was composed of (Al+θ+Si) ternary eutectics and (Al+θ) pseudobinary eutectics. During acoustic levitation, the (Al+θ+Si) ternary eutectics are refined and the (Al+θ) pseudobinary eutectics have morphological diversity. On the surface of the alloys, surface oscillations and acoustic streaming promote the nucleation of the three eutectic phases and expedite the cooling process. This results in the refinement of the ternary eutectic microstructure. During experiments, the reflector decreases with increasing alloy temperature, and the levitation distance always exceeds the resonant distance. Because of the acoustic radiation pressure, the melted alloy was flattened, and deformation increases with increasing sound pressure. The maximum aspect ratio achieved was 6.64, corresponding to a sound pressure of 1.8×104 Pa.