2E12铝合金均匀化过程微观组织演变规律

采用SEM,EPMA,TEM和硬度测试等技术,研究2E12铝合金铸锭在均匀化过程中的非平衡相溶解、元素分布特征以及第二相析出行为。研究结果表明:合金铸锭的晶界处连续分布着粗大的α+θ+S共晶组织。合金中的Cu和Mg元素存在明显的偏析,而Mn元素分布较为均匀。随着均匀化处理的进行,合金中的粗大共晶组织逐渐溶解,Cu,Mg和Si元素逐步溶入合金基体,而Fe和Mn元素则从合金基体中脱溶。在均匀化处理过程中,合金基体中析出大量T相粒子。伴随着T相的析出,合金的硬度逐渐升高,同时电导率也明显增加。当合金于490℃均匀化1 000 h后,晶界附近出现明显的PFZ。     

均匀化处理对7A52铝合金组织和性能的影响

采用硬度、电导率测量、金相和高温原位X射线衍射分析技术研究不同均匀化处理条件下7A52铝合金组织与性能的变化规律，着重讨论不同均匀化处理条件下合金的物相组成及其演变、基体固溶体固溶度的变化与合金硬度和电导率的关系。研究结果表明：铸态合金由α-Al过饱和固溶体及少量平衡相MgZn2组成；在均匀化处理过程中，铸态合金显微组织结构发生了2个方面的变化：一方面，在300℃以下均匀化，过饱和固溶体分解，析出MgZn2平衡相；在400℃以上均匀化，上述平衡相又逐步回溶到基体固溶体中；另一方面，在400℃以上均匀化，铸态合金枝晶组织和枝晶间粗大的平衡相随均匀化温度的升高而逐步消失，与此同时，铸态合金的硬度先降低然后升高，电导率则先升高然后降低。这种性能的变化与铸态合金的组织结构变化一一对应。7A52合金铸锭适宜的均匀化处理工艺为470℃／24h。     

喷射沉积AlFeVSi合金热暴露过程中相转变与沉积态组织特点

采用喷射沉积工艺制备快速凝固AlFeVSi合金薄片和沉积管坯,通过示差热分析、X射线衍射分析、金相显微组织观察、透射电镜组织观察、硬度测试等检测手段,研究了喷射沉积AlFeVSi合金快凝薄片在高温热暴露过程中的相变和组织演变规律,并分析了喷射沉积AlFeVSi合金坯组织特点。结果表明,喷射沉积AlFeVSi快凝薄片基本上为呈微胞状的过饱和α-Al固溶体。加热温度低于500℃时,在高温热暴露过程中微胞状结构发生分解,α-Al过饱和固溶体脱溶,形成α-Al Al12(Fe,V)3Si(bcc,a≈1.260 nm)弥散颗粒的分解产物,当温度高于500℃时,Al12(Fe,V)3Si颗粒粗化聚集,并以独立形核长大的方式生成θ-Al13Fe4块状相。随着热暴露温度升高,喷射沉积AlFeVSi合金薄片的硬度呈下降趋势。喷射沉积AlFeVSi坯主要由α-Al固溶体和Al12(Fe,V)3Si颗粒组成,但也存在少量含粗大片状或块状相的非快速凝固组织。     

基于BP网络的Al-Cu-Mg-Sc-Zr合金均匀化电导率预测

采用电导率测量、X线衍射物相分析研究不同均匀化处理条件下Al-Cu-Mg-Sc-Zr合金的电导率和组织变化规律。研究结果表明:Al-Cu-Mg-Sc-Zr铸态合金中固溶体过饱和程度较高,电导率较低;在360℃以下均匀化,亚稳的过饱和固溶体析出平衡相θ和S,基体固溶体过饱和程度下降,电导率上升;在360℃以上均匀化,平衡相逐渐回溶入固溶体基体,基体固溶体过饱和程度上升,电导率下降。在此基础上,采用Levenberg-Marquardt算法对权值和阈值进行训练,建立以均匀化热处理温度和时间与电导率高度非线性BP神经网络预测模型。该模型能较好地反映均匀化工艺参数与电导率之间的内在规律,泛化检测点电导率相对误差为-0.006～0.006,表明该神经网络模型具有较高的预测精度和较强的泛化能力。     

铸锭均匀化处理对铝型材表面的影响

铸锭经均匀化处理后可将粗大的Mg2Si铸造组织相溶解到固溶体中，随后再冷却使Mg2Si以细小质点均匀析出，改变了铸锭内部的组织状态，减少了偏析，从而提高了铝型材的表面质量。     

7050/3003铝合金复层铸坯的制备与热处理工艺研究

采用直接冷却铸造法制备7050/3003铝合金复合铸坯,随后对其进行均匀化退火处理。使用扫描电镜、电子探针、维氏硬度仪等对铸坯界面进行组织性能分析,探究熔体浇铸温度及热处理工艺参数对界面结合质量的影响。结果表明,3003铝合金浇铸温度为720℃、7050铝合金浇铸温度为680℃时,铸坯界面清晰、无混流和明显铸造缺陷,且硬度相对较高,两种铝合金之间形成一层初生α-Al过渡层,实现了良好的冶金结合。均匀化退火后,7005合金一侧非平衡共晶组织和枝晶偏析基本消除,晶界处粗大第二相溶解,且随着退火温度的升高和保温时间的延长,复层材料界面成分分布逐渐均匀,扩散层厚度有所增加。     

罐体用3104大铸锭均匀化过程中的组织性能演变

采用金相、扫描电镜、透射电镜、显微硬度测试等方法对3104合金大尺寸铸锭的均匀化制度进行研究.研究结果表明:在均匀化过程中,晶粒内部析出大量Al(Mn,Si)相和Al(Mn,Fe,Si)相;铸锭表面区域的析出相分布较均匀,而铸锭中部经过580℃/(4～12 h)均匀化后的析出相分布不均匀,晶界和晶粒中心存在无析出带,析出相细小;随着温度升高,析出相分布更加均匀,密度降低,粒度长大;铸锭晶粒内部的初始显微硬度不均匀,经过均匀化处理,晶粒边界硬度下降,而晶粒中心硬度上升,显微硬度差别减少;经过600℃/(8～12 h)均匀化,显微硬度最低,且最均匀;铸锭均匀化处理对后续的再结晶退火有显著影响,铸锭经过600℃/12 h均匀化,与经过450℃/12h相比,后续冷轧产品经过再结晶退火后具有更高的延伸率,晶粒更细小均匀;合适的均匀化处理制度为600℃/(8～12 h).     

不同工艺条件对半固态挤压Mg2 Si/Al复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用等温热处理半固态挤压的方法制备Mg2Si/Al复合材料,研究等温热处理温度、保温时间和挤压比压对复合材料组织和布氏硬度的影响.结果表明:经过等温热处理后得到了基体α-Al和Mg2Si增强相双球化的半固态组织,其中,Mg2Si颗粒呈现球化,α-Al呈现规则球形或椭球形.当挤压比压恒定时,Mg2Si/Al复合材料显微组织中α-Al和Mg2Si颗粒的球化随着温度和保温时间的增加而更加明显,同时α-Al的粗化也更加明显;当等温热处理温度和保温时间恒定时,挤压比压对半固态挤压Mg2Si/Al复合材料显微组织的影响不大.硬度测试表明,当挤压比压恒定时,布氏硬度随着等温热处理温度和保温时间的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势;但当等温热处理温度和保温时间恒定时,随着挤压比压的增加,布氏硬度随之提高.     

高温扩散对过共晶Al-Si合金组织的影响

研究w(Si)=20%的过共晶Al-Si合金在高于共晶点温度进行热处理后的组织形貌变化.结果表明:热处理温度610℃,保温时间分别为5、10、15min时,随保温时间的延长,粗大的柱状树枝晶α-Al变为近球状组织;不规则的多边形状和花瓣状的初晶Si会逐渐熔断、钝化,最后以15μm小块状和近球状组织出现;粗大的针片状共晶Si先发生熔断变为细小的颗粒状,然后全部熔化,最后在水淬中析出细小颗粒状和纤维状的共晶Si包围α-Al相;热处理温度580℃,保温时间分别为5、15、30、40min时,随保温时间的延长,初晶硅尺寸变细小,直径达到30μm,圆整度不断得到提高,当保温时间达到40min时,共晶硅变为纤维状.     

5383铝合金铸锭偏析行为及均匀化制度的研究

采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,X射线衍射仪（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）,研究了铸态5383铝合金的元素偏析行为及均匀化制度对其微观组织演变的影响.研究结果表明：铸态5383铝合金组织中Mg、Cu和Mn等元素偏析严重,晶界处有大量网状分布的难溶金属间相;均匀化处理后,非平衡共晶相和难溶金属间相发生回溶,晶粒长大并球化,Mg、Cu和Mn等元素偏析程度减小,同时在位错和晶界附近有大量细小析出相;结合试验及均匀化动力学方程计算结果,得到试验合金的最佳均匀化工艺为480~490℃退火24 h,过烧温度为506℃.     

生物医用Zn-5Al合金的微观组织与性能

研究了生物医用Zn-5Al合金的微观组织结构演化,探讨了其组织对力学性能的影响.对铸态、均匀化处理和轧制态Zn-5Al合金的微观组织进行了表征,分析了合金的相组成,测试了轧制态Zn-5Al合金的力学性能.结果表明:铸态与均匀化处理后的Zn-5Al合金的相组成均主要为η-Zn相和α-Al相,铸态合金组织片层间距约为300nm.均匀化处理过程中发生了共析反应,合金中的α-Al相由铸态的长条形演变为球形共晶组织.经过总变形率85%的热轧变形后,Zn-5Al合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为98MPa和130MPa,断裂延伸率达到74%.     

Brazing 6061 aluminum alloy with Al-Si-Zn filler metals containing Sr

Al-6.5Si-42Zn and Al-6.5Si-42Zn-0.09Sr filler metals were used for brazing 6061 aluminum alloy. Air cooling and water cooling were applied after brazing. Si phase morphologies in the brazing alloy and the brazed joints were investigated. It was found that zinc in the Al-Si filler metals could reduce the formation of eutectic Al-Si phase and lower the brazing temperature at about 520℃. Adding 0.09wt% Sr element into the Al-6.5Si-42Zn alloy caused α-Al phase refinement and transformed acicular Si phase into the finely fiber-like. After water cooling, Zn element dissolved into the Al-Si eutectic area, and η-Zn phase disappeared in the brazed joints. Tensile strength testing results showed that the Sr-modified filler metal could enhance the strength of the brazed joints by 13% than Al-12Si, while water-cooling further improved the strength at 144 MPa.     

TiB2和Al3Ti对近共晶Al?12.6Si合金组织、力学性能和断裂行为的影响

A near eutectic Al?12.6Si alloy was developed with 0.0wt%, 2.0wt%, 4.0wt%, and 6.0wt% Al?5Ti?1B master alloy. The microstructural morphology, hardness, tensile strength, elongation, and fracture behaviour of the alloys were studied. The unmodified Al?12.6Si alloy has an irregular needle and plate-like eutectic silicon (E_Si) and coarse polygonal primary silicon (P_Si) particles in the matrix-like α-Al phase. The P_Si, E_Si, and α-Al morphology and volume fraction were changed due to the addition of the Al?5Ti?1B master alloy. The hardness, UTS, and elongation improved due to the microstructural modification. Nano-sized in-situ Al₃Ti particles and ex-situ TiB₂ particles caused the microstructural modification. The fracture images of the developed alloys exhibit a ductile and brittle mode of fracture at the same time. The Al?5Ti?1B modified alloys have a more ductile mode of fracture and more dimples compared to the unmodified alloy.     

热处理对增材制造AlSi10Mg合金组织性能及残余应力的影响

 增材制造AlSi10Mg合金通常存在较大的残余应力,对材料的服役使用产生不利影响,故需要采用热处理对残余应力予以控制甚至消除。利用X射线衍射、光学显微镜、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、背散射电子衍射、维氏硬度和拉曼光谱试验,研究了成形态和退火态合金的显微组织、性能及残余应力。结果表明,成形态合金由过饱和Al固溶体和Si相组成,其中, Si相以网状共晶硅和弥散分布的纳米硅颗粒2种形态存在。同时,成形态合金的晶粒细小,其晶粒尺寸分布的d₅₀值约为10.4 μm。250~300℃退火使合金元素从过饱和Al固溶体中析出,形成平衡相Mg₂Si和Si相;且随着退火温度升高,合金元素析出越彻底。此外,退火还引起网状共晶硅和纳米硅颗粒粗化,促使晶粒长大并诱发再结晶。由于退火后合金中的细晶强化、固溶强化和弥散强化效果减弱,故合金的维氏硬度下降。然而,退火可以显著降低合金的残余应力,下降幅度达到60%~80%。因此,为更好地实现组织和性能调控,有必要针对增材制造铝合金的特点开发新的热处理制度。     

On the characterization of microstructure and fracture in a high-pressure die-casting Al-10 wt%Si alloy

Microstructure and fracture behavior in a high-pressure die-casting Al-10 wt%Si alloy have been investigated using optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM) and a high-resolution laboratory computed tomography(CT).The results showed that a typical heterogeneous microstructure of the alloy comprised α-Al rich region,eutectic silicon band region and porosity.The microstructure patterns highly dependent on fluid convection and rapid solidification.Under high filling speed,externally solidified crystals(ESCs) and the growing dendrites migrated in center and formed α-Al rich region.Si particles was discharged and enriched in the final solidified liquid,forming eutectic silicon band.Hard Si particles and brittle Fe-rich phases served as obstacles prevented dislocation migration,causing local stress concentration.Due to large movable slip systems in α-Al rich region,the propagation path of the crack was greatly extended.Net-shrinkage that induced by dense impinging dendrites led to the microcracks along the boundary of dendrites which promoted intergranular fracture.     

MoCrFeMnNi高熵合金退火后的组织和性能

高熵合金因具有高强度、耐腐蚀、耐高温氧化等优异的性能而备受关注.采用铝热反应法制备MoCrFeMnNi高熵合金,用XRD、SEM、EDS、显微硬度和压缩实验研究了铸态及700 ℃/12 h、800 ℃/6 h、1 000 ℃/3 h退火后合金的组织和性能变化.结果表明:铝热法制备的MoCrFeMnNi高熵合金为典型的枝晶形貌,晶体结构主要由BCC相、FCC相以及少量的σ相构成,其中枝晶区域为BCC结构,富含Mo和Cr元素;枝晶间区域为FCC结构,富含Ni元素.随着退火温度的上升,枝晶间逐渐析出纳米级σ相,使得合金硬度上升,在800 ℃/6 h退火处理后达到667 HV,抗压强度达到1 050 MPa;1 000 ℃/3 h退火后,σ相团聚成球状和针状并在高温下部分溶解,σ相的减少使得合金硬度下降,抗压强度与铸态时相当,塑性显著提升.     

浇注温度对AlSi7Mg合金显微组织的影响

研究了不同的烧注温度对铸造AlSi7Mg合金凝固组织的影响。实验表明：当浇注湿度接近液相线温度时,AlSi7Mg合金中的初生α－Al凝固成球状或粒状,晶粒细小,分布均匀;获得球状或粒状AlSi7Mg合金半固态坯料的最佳浇注温度为615℃;在接近液相线温度下浇注,较快的合金溶体冷却速度、浇注引起的合金溶体流动和大范围的同时凝固促使AlSi7Mg合金形成球状或粒状的初生α－Al组织。     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a large-sized ingot of Mg-9Gd-3Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr (wt%) alloy after a lower-temperature homogenization treatment

In this paper, a large-sized ingot of Mg-9Gd-3Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr (wt%) alloy with a diameter of 600 mm was successfully prepared by the semi-continuous casting method. The alloy was subsequently annealed at a relatively low temperature of 430℃ for 12 h as a homogenization treatment. The microstructure and room-temperature mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated systematically. The results show that the as-cast alloy contained a mass of discontinuous lamellar-shaped 18R long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases with a composition of Mg₁₀ZnY and an α-Mg matrix, along with net-shaped Mg₅(Y,Gd) eutectic compounds at the grain boundaries. Most of the eutectic compounds dissolved after the homogenization treatment. Moreover, the amount and dimensions of the lamellar-shaped LPSO phase obviously increased after the homogenization treatment. The structure of the phase transformed into 14H-type LPSO with composition Mg₁₂Zn(Y,Gd). The mechanical properties of the heat-treated large-sized alloy ingot are uniform. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and tensile yield strength (TYS) of the alloy reached 207.2 MPa and 134.8 MPa, respectively, and the elongation was 3.4%. The high performances of the large-sized alloy ingot after the homogenization treatment is attributed to the strengthening of the α-Mg solid solution and to the plentiful LPSO phase distributed over the α-Mg matrix.     

Microstructure and texture evolution of TRC A8006 alloy by homogenization

The microstructure and texture evolution of twin-roll cast A8006 alloy by homogenization were characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and the microhardness was tested as well. According to the relationship between dendritic arm spacing and cooling rate the cooling rate of the as-cast twin-roll cast A8006 sheet of 6 mm in thickness was estimated as 1.48×103 K·s?1. It is found that the grains and the nanostructural precipitates of the twin-roll cast sheet become coarser after homogenization at 580℃ for 4 h in comparison with those after homogenization at 500℃ for 8 h. The textures formed after cold rolling and became weaker during homogenization. The increase in hardness of the as-cast twin-roll cast sheets is related to the supersaturated α-Al solid solution and fine microstructure, but the decrease in hardness after homogenization can be attributed to the coarsening of grains and Al₆Fe(Mn) precipitates.     

Al-6.5Zn-2.4Mg-2.3Cu铝合金半连续铸锭的均匀化处理

采用DSC、金相、扫描电镜及能谱分析等方法,研究了Al-6.5Zn-2.4Mg-2.3Cu超高强铝合金半连续铸锭的结晶相及其在470℃均匀化处理过程中的变化规律.结果表明:在均匀化处理过程中,铸锭中含有Al,Zn,Mg,Cu元素的非平衡凝固共晶体在向合金基体溶解的同时还转变形成S相(Al2CuMg),形成的S相在该合金中的熔化温度为490℃;均匀化处理初期,含有Al,Zn,Mg,Cu的非平衡凝固共晶体转变成S相的速度大于S相向合金基体溶解的速度,导致S相数量随均匀化处理时间的延长,先增加随后减少到平衡值,但不能全部溶入合金基体.