鹅毛玉凤花总多糖提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

本研究以药用植物鹅毛玉凤花(Habenaria dentata)的块茎为材料,在单因素试验的基础上,选取提取时间、料液比和提取温度进行响应面试验,优化鹅毛玉凤花总多糖的提取工艺,并通过测定总多糖的DPPH自由基(DPPH·)清除率、羟基自由基(·OH)清除率、超氧阴离子自由基(O₂^-·)清除率和总还原力,探究鹅毛玉凤花的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,鹅毛玉凤花总多糖的最佳提取条件为提取时间7 h,料液比1∶58.7 (g/mL),提取温度73.49℃,优化验证后的鹅毛玉凤花总多糖得率为9.59%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.13%。抗氧化试验结果表明,鹅毛玉凤花总多糖对DPPH·、·OH、O₂^-·的半抑制浓度(IC₅₀)分别为1.385 mg/mL、0.006 mg/mL和0.020 mg/mL,其总还原力是L-抗坏血酸的2.24%,表明鹅毛玉凤花总多糖具有较好的抗氧化能力。     

面包树树叶类黄酮提取工艺优化及抗氧化性评价

为探究面包树(Artocarpus altilis)树叶类黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件,本研究以面包树树叶为原料,乙醇为提取剂,采用常温提取法、回流提取法、超声波辅助提取法3种方法进行提取,得到最佳提取方法;在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面分析法优化提取工艺,并评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇体积分数86.15%、固液比1∶8.3 (g/mL)、提取温度74.03℃、超声时间71.33 min,类黄酮得率为8.87%,含量为0.93 mg/mL。类黄酮对DPPH自由基的半抑制浓度(IC₅₀)值为0.23 mg/mL,对ABTS⁺自由基的IC₅₀值为0.024 mg/mL。上述工艺条件能有效提取面包树树叶中的类黄酮成分,其具有较强的自由基清除能力,为面包树树叶类黄酮资源的开发与利用提供了参考。     

印度块菌粗多糖的提取及抗氧化活性研究

采用正交试验研究了热水浸提法提取印度块菌(Tuberindicum Cooke&Massee)子实体粗多糖(TICP)的最优工艺,根据方差分析结果确定了热水浸提法的最优工艺为:料液比1∶15,提取时间120 min,提取温度100℃,提取2次,多糖提取率为6.790 2%.用95%乙醇对粗多糖进行醇沉,然后利用总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)测定法、羟基自由基(OH.)清除法、铁离子螯合能力及测定还原能力等方法对上述印度块菌粗多糖的抗氧化活性进行评价,结果显示块菌粗多糖对羟基自由基的清除活性最高,其EC50值为0.26 mg/mL,其次为还原能力和铁离子螯合能力,其EC50值分别为1.15 mg/mL、2.80 mg/mL,同时块菌粗多糖具有较好的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),当浓度为20 mg/mL时,其总抗氧化能力为72.06 U/mL.     

苦荞籽粒黄酮的提取纯化及抗氧化活性研究

利用响应面分析法对苦荞籽粒总黄酮提取工艺进行研究。以苦荞粉为原料,通过单因素实验考察液料比、乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间4个因素对黄酮提取率的影响,利用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件中的Box-Behnken中心组合设计进行响应面试验,建立二次回归方程,得到苦荞籽粒黄酮的较佳提取工艺为:液料比(mL/g)20∶1,乙醇体积分数75%,提取温度70℃,提取时间4h,此条件下提取率为2.632%。通过测定纯化后苦荞籽粒黄酮对O-₂·的清除率、抗脂质过氧化能力、还原力和DPPH自由基清除率,分析其抗氧化能力,并用抗坏血酸做阳性对照,结果显示苦荞籽粒总黄酮具有还原力。通过SPSS软件分析,得到其抗脂质过氧化能力、清除O-₂·能力和清除DPPH能力的IC₅₀值分别1.115,0.498,2.235μg/mL,表明苦荞籽粒黄酮具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

桑白皮多糖提取工艺研究及抗氧化活性评价

研究桑白皮多糖提取工艺并评价其抗氧化活性,以期为其开发应用提供参考依据和理论支撑。采用超声辅助提取桑白皮多糖,设计正交试验对提取条件进行优化,用硫酸苯酚法测定总糖含量,3,5-二硝基水杨酸(DNS)比色法测定还原糖含量,两者之差表示多糖含量。采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)比色法、羟基自由基(·OH)清除法、超氧阴离子(·O -2)清除法研究其抗氧化活性。 桑白皮多糖的最佳提取条件为料液比1∶20,超声时间30 min,提取温度50 ℃,提取2次。桑白皮多糖对DPPH和·OH清除作用与质量浓     

神木天坑两种药茶同源植物叶总黄酮提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

喀斯特天坑地区拥有许多特色的药茶资源。本研究采用超声波提取法对神木天坑五棱苦丁茶总黄酮进行提取,并运用单因素试验和响应面试验相结合的方式对提取条件进行优化。然后以神木天坑的五棱苦丁茶、异叶梁王茶的叶片为材料,以苦丁茶叶片为对照,测定3种药茶的总黄酮含量;同时,为研究3种药茶的抗氧化活性,进行体外羟基自由基（·OH）、超氧阴离子（·O₂^-）和二苯基苦基苯肼自由基（DPPH·）的清除试验。结果显示：乙醇浓度40%（V∶V）、料液比1∶50 （g/mL）、提取温度64.9℃、提取时间35.2 min、超声波功率316.8 W和超声频率35 kHz时,苦丁茶、五棱苦丁茶、异叶梁王茶总黄酮得率分别为10.61%、4.98%和15.73%。当控制黄酮浓度为1 mg/mL时,3种茶叶黄酮均具有较好的总还原力,抗氧化活性较好,其中以异叶梁王茶对·OH、·O₂^-和DPPH·的清除率最大,分别为53.02%、49.84%和73.96%。试验结果表明异叶梁王茶具有较好的抗氧化能力,为其资源开发奠定一定的科学基础。     

响应面法优化笃斯越橘混合菌发酵工艺

采用酵母菌、植物乳杆菌及醋酸菌对笃斯越橘进行混合发酵,通过测定基础指标(pH值、蛋白质、还原糖含量)、活性成分(总酚、黄酮、原花青素、花色苷含量)、抗氧化能力(·OH清除率、总抗氧化能力)确定菌种比例之后,以pH值、蛋白质含量、还原糖含量、总酚含量、·OH清除率及总抗氧化能力为考察指标,进行单因素实验以确定发酵时间、接种量、发酵温度及初始糖度的优化范围,在此基础上以总酚含量和·OH清除率为响应值进行Box-Benhken中心组合实验,优化发酵工艺条件。实验结果表明,在酵母菌、植物乳杆菌、醋酸菌菌种比例1∶2∶1,发酵时间62h,接种量6%,发酵温度38.5℃,初始糖度15.5°Bx的条件下,笃斯越橘发酵液的总酚质量浓度达(53.27±0.16)mg/(100mL),稀释10倍笃斯越橘发酵液的·OH清除率达(83.88±0.19)%,与优化前相比分别提高了56.91%和34.34%,其·OH清除率显著高于阳性对照组(p＜0.01),约为2mg/mL维生素C溶液的5倍。实验结果可为笃斯越橘的深加工提供实验参考依据。     

汉中仙毫茶多酚与维生素C抗氧化及抑菌活性的协同作用

采用DPPH·和ABTS⁺·方法研究了汉中仙毫茶多酚与维生素C(VC)体外抗氧化活性的协同作用,采用二倍稀释法和牛津杯法研究了茶多酚与VC混合物对大肠杆菌的抑菌作用。茶多酚与VC的混合物[m(茶多酚)∶m(VC)=1∶1,1∶2,2∶1]具有较强的DPPH·清除能力,其EC₅₀值低于茶多酚和VC；并且混合物中VC所占比例越高,EC₅₀值就越低。m(茶多酚)与m(VC)的1∶1混合物对ABTS⁺·的EC₅₀值略低于VC。基于体外抗氧化活性与样品浓度之间量效关系构建的数学模型具有较高的拟合度。m(茶多酚)与m(VC)的1∶1和2∶1混合物对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为38和46mg·mL-1。m(茶多酚)与m(VC)的2∶1混合物的抑菌圈直径较大,其抑菌活性略高于茶多酚。茶多酚与VC以特定比例混合后,自由基清除能力有所提高,并且抑菌活性有明显的提升。     

山茱萸多糖PFCA Ⅲ抗氧化性能研究

研究了山茱萸多糖PFCAⅢ的抗氧化性能。利用烘箱法研究多糖对油脂的抗氧化活性，结果表明水提山茱萸多糖PFCAⅢ可有效抑制植物油氧化；利用Fenton反应检测多糖PFCAⅢ对羟基自由基(·OH)的清除作用，当清除率达50%时所需浓度为430mg/L；通过邻苯三酚自氧化反应检测PFCAⅢ对超氧阴离子自由基(O₂^-·)的清除能力 ,当PFCAⅢ的添加浓度为100mg/L时清除率为21.5%。     

玉米须总黄酮提取物对猪肉脯抗氧化性影响的研究

以玉米须为原料,测纯化后玉米须总黄酮的各项抗氧化指标,玉米须总黄酮对·OH和DPPH自由基的IC₅₀分别为0.155mg/mL和0.049mg/mL。与此同时,将已纯化的玉米须总黄酮添加至猪肉脯中,通过测定POV值、色度和电子鼻为质量指标,对比研究提取的玉米须总黄酮、市售BHT和植酸对猪肉脯的抗氧化效果。结果表明:储存26d后,玉米须总黄酮的抗氧化性最强,其POV为1.625meq/kg,而未添加抗氧化剂的猪肉脯(空白)POV值为3.75meq/kg；电子鼻实验结果表明,添加玉米须总黄酮的猪肉脯与空白组的气味相似度为94.95%。综上所述,玉米须总黄酮可作为一种天然抗氧化剂应用于肉制品中。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.