1,3-二苯基-5-(4-氯苯基)-2-吡唑啉的合成

以对氯苯甲醛为起始原料，经过两步缩舍反应合成了有机荧光染料1，3-二苯基-5-(4-氯苯基)-2-吡唑啉，对氯苯甲醛溶于无水乙醇，在NaOH催化下与苯乙酮缩合，生成苯基-(4-氯苯)乙烯酮(1)，n(对-氯苯甲醛)(Ⅰ)：n(苯乙酮)=0．75：1，产率70％．将(Ⅰ)和苯肼溶于乙二醇独乙醇中，在室温下反应3h，环化缩合为最终产物1，3-二苯基-5-(4-氯苯基)-2-吡唑啉(Ⅱ)，产率80％，产物结构经红外光谱，核磁共振谱，元素分析及荧光光谱证实。     

Cd2+、Cu2+对坛紫菜生化效应研究

研究了不同浓度(0．1、0．5、1．0、10、20mg／L)和不同培养时间(12、24、48、72h)下，重金属(Cd2 和Cu^2 )对坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)核酸(RNA和DNA)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响．结果表明：1)10、20mg／L Cd^2 、Cu^2 暴露，POD活性先上升(48h前)后下降(48h后)，其它浓度组POD活性均随污染时间的延长而升高．24、48、72h均出现比较良好的剂量一效应关系．2)Cd^2 和Cu^2 对RNA、DNA含量的影响基本上表现为先上升后下降的时间效应关系，同一污染物浓度越大越早出现下降．同时出现随暴露剂量的增加，RNA、DNA含量先上升后下降或全部下降的剂量一效应关系．     

1-(4-苯氧基苯氧基)-2-丙醇的合成及分析

以4-苯氧基苯酚，环氧丙烷为原料合成1-（4-苯氧基苯氧基）-2-丙醇，考察了物料比、反应时间、反应温度等因素对其收率的影响，得到最佳工艺条件。规（4一苯氧基苯酚）：规（环氧丙烷）：规（氢氧化钾）=1：3．0：0．3，反应温度40℃，反应时间3．5h，1-（4-苯氧基苯氧基）-2-丙醇收率最高达93．7％。以液相色谱法，采用LiChrospher100 RP～18柱、甲醇＋水为流动相、紫外检测器、外标法对1-（4-苯氧基苯氧基）-2-丙醇进行了高效液相色谱分析研究。方法标准偏差0．20％，变异系数0．23％，回收率在99．57％～100．52％之间。     

3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵的合成工艺

以环氧氯丙烷、三甲胺、浓盐酸为原料，合成了3-氯-2．羟丙基三甲基氯化铵。研究结果表明，最佳合成工艺条件：环氧氯丙烷与三甲胺盐酸盐的量之比为0．95：1，反应pH起始值为7．5-8．0，反应温度采用分段(10.35℃)控制。使用合适的催化剂，反应收率可达96％以上。对三甲基氯化铵溶液中的微量有机杂质环氧氯丙烷和1，3-二氯丙醇进行了分析，并采用连续水汽精馏对产品进行了纯化处理。纯化后的产品中，三甲基氯化铵的质量分数为69％，环氧氯丙烷的质量分数小于0．0005％，1，3．二氯丙醇的质量分数小于0．0015％。     

2,6-二甲基-4-(3-硝基苯基)-3,5-(二甲酸二乙酯基)-1,4-二氢吡啶的电化学反应机理研究

用电化学和表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱方法研究了2，6-二甲基4(3-硝基苯基)-3，5(二甲酸二乙酯基)-1，4-二氢吡啶(NIT)的电化学反应机理．发现当电位正于1．0V时，NIT开始氧化，失去2个电子和2个质子，形成吡啶衍生物．当电位负于-0．25V时，该吡啶衍生物被还原．但硝基苯中的硝基并不发生电化学反应．     

气相色谱法快速测定2,4-二氯氟苯的含量

介绍了采用气相色谱法对工业2，4-二氯氟苯中2，4-二氯氟苯含量进行测定。方法的线性范围在：5．0％～50．0％之间，变异系数(CV)为0．1％．该方法具有前处理简单、干扰因素小．对色谱系统污染小且快速、准确、分离完全等特点。     

酰胺缩醛法合成1,2,4-三唑的研究

目的 用酰胺缩醛法合成1，2，4-三唑及其衍生物。方法 以甲苯为溶剂，使酰胺和DMF二甲基缩醛在110℃反应2h，得到中间产物N′-苯甲酰基-N，N-二甲基甲脒，然后，在70％乙酸溶液中，中间产物和苯肼在90℃反应3h。结果 中间产物N′-苯甲酰基-N，N-二甲基甲脒的产率达到96．5％，目标产物1，5-二苯基-1，2，4-三唑的产率为95％。结论 采用该方法合成1，2，4-三唑及其衍生物产率高，方法简单。     

盐酸2-芳基-4-羟乙基-2-吗啉醇的合成及表征

6-甲氧基-2-(2-溴丙酰基)萘、a-溴-3-氯苯丙酮、a-溴-4-苄氧基苯丙酮和a-溴-4-苄氧基苯戊酮分别与二乙醇胺于50℃搅拌反应1h,合成相应的2-(6-甲氧基-2-萘基)-3-甲基-4-羟乙基-2-吗啉醇、2-(3-氯苯基)-3-甲基-4-羟乙基-2-吗啉醇、2-(4-苄氧基苯基)-3-甲基-4-羟乙基-2-吗啉醇、2-(4-苄氧基苯基)-3-丙基-4-羟乙基-2-吗啉醇,2-芳基-4-羟乙基-2-吗啉醇经氯化氢酸化得其盐酸盐,收率58．3％～89．8％．其结构经^1HNMR,^1H-^1H COSY,IR,MS确证．     

SO42-/TiO2-SnO2/La3+催化合成乳酸乙酯

探讨了SO4^2-／TiO2-SnO2／La^3 固体超强酸的制备方法,得出了最佳制备条件：La^3 浓度为0．1mol／L,H2SO4浓度为1．0mol／L,浸渍TiO2和SnO2的时间为24h,焙烧温度为450℃,焙烧时间为1．5h,并将其应用于乳酸乙酯的合成反应中．实验结果表明,最佳酯化条件为：醇酸物质的摩尔比为1．5：1．0,催化剂用量为乳酸质量的1．5％,反应时间为11h,乳酸乙酯的产率达47．56％。     

几种除藻剂对铜绿微囊藻生长的毒性效应

研究了3种除藻剂硫酸铜(CuSO4)、双氧水(H2O2)、二氯苯(基)二甲脲(DCMU)对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)生长的毒性效应。结果表明,Cu2+浓度小于10-4mol/L时,能促进铜绿微囊藻的生长;当浓度达到10-4mol/L时,铜绿微囊藻的OD750值和叶绿素含量明显下降,处理96 h后,2者值均趋近于0,说明该浓度的Cu2+对铜绿微囊藻具有毒性效应。H2O2质量分数为0.002‰时,24 h内对铜绿微囊藻具有明显的抑制作用,之后抑制作用逐步减弱,铜绿微囊藻的OD750值和叶绿素含量逐步恢复至起始水平;H2O2浓度为0.004‰时,随时间的延长,微囊藻生物量和叶绿素含量持续下降,至96 h,OD750值趋近于0,叶绿素含量降至0.15μg/mL,对铜绿微囊藻产生了有效的毒性效应。DCMU浓度为10μmol/L时,藻细胞密度OD750值和叶绿素含量呈明显下降趋势;至48 h,叶绿素含量降为0,说明10μmol/L DCMU对铜绿微囊藻的生长产生了有效的抑制破坏作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to