间二甲苯异构化脉冲催化动力学研究

利用脉冲法研究了间二甲苯在ＨＺＳＭ－５沸石上催化异构化动力学行为,在４８５－５２８℃温度范围内,载气流量２５－６０毫升／分,压力０．２－０．３ＭＰａ,反应是表观一级反应,表观活化能１１３．５ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。气相色谱保留体积法测得间二甲苯的吸附热国５４ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,故得到表面反应活化能为５９．５ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。     

从米根霉细胞壁寻找天然壳聚糖的研究（Ⅱ）

用Ｘ－射线粉末衍射和红外光谱法研究米根霉细胞壁结构性多糖的组成，并通过热重反应动力学研究米根霉细胞壁结构性多糖的动力参数。实验结果表明，米根霉细胞壁的结构性多糖是壳聚糖和α－几丁质，两者的表观活化能分别为６９．９ｋＪ．ｍｏｌ＾－１和２１３．１ｋＪ．ｍｏｌ＾１。     

锆基催化剂合成醇醚醋酸酯的非等温反应动力学

利用锆基催化剂合成乙二醇单甲醚醋酸酯、乙二醇单乙醚醋酸酯和乙二醇单丁醚醋酸酯，取得了满意的结果．同时根据非等温变体积条件下的动态法锆基催化剂合成醇醚醋酸酯液－固相反应的特点，导出了反应速率方程．计算结果表明，乙二醇单甲醚醋酸酯、乙二醇单乙醚醋酸酯和乙二醇单丁醚醋酸酯的合成反应服从二级动力学模型，表观反应活化能分别为１１４．７４ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，１２５．７５ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ和１５５．３２ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，频率因子分别为１．２０×１０１４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｍｉｎ－１，１．２７×１０１６Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｍｉｎ－１和８．５６×１０１９Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｍｉｎ－１．计算结果的合理性和一致性，证明了利用动态原理对此反应体系的动力学研究的简便可行性．     

用热重法研究硫酸铵及硫酸铵与氯化钾体系的热分解行为

用非等温热重法测定了硫酸铵及硫酸铵与氯化钾体系的热分解动力学参数,实验数据以Ｃｏａｔｓ－Ｒｅｄｆｅｒｎ法处理得到硫酸铵第一步反应的活化能为Ｅ＝１２２．９ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,频率因子Ａ＝６．６９５×１０９Ｓ－１,第二步反应的活化能为１９５３ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,频率因子Ａ＝１．３５９×１０１３Ｓ－１;硫酸铵与氯化钾体系第一步反应的活化能为６５３３ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,频率因子Ａ＝３．０２３×１０４Ｓ－１,第二步反应的活化能为１９１５ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,频率因子Ａ＝２．９８２×１０１５Ｓ－１。     

聚氯乙烯抽纱台布热分解及耐热寿命研究

该文应用热重法（ＴＧ）和微分热重法（ＤＴＧ）研究了聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）抽纱加香台布热分解反应。ＴＧ曲线表明热分解过程分三步完成。表观活化能计算结果分别为Ｅ１＝８４．３０ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ（－１）；Ｅ２＝１３９．５６ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ（－１）；Ｅ３＝３０５．２０ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ（－１）。热寿命议程为。用热分析技术求解高分子材料动力学参数甚为方便，可在短时间内取得有价值的资料，是研究高聚物热稳定性的有效实验手段．     

聚异戊二烯橡胶环化反应动力学研究

以红外光谱为主要手段研究了聚异戊二烯的环化反应动力学。测定了环化反应动力学参数：反应级数ｎ＝１，活化能Ｅａ＝８３１．１ｋＪ．ｍｏｌ＾－１，指前因子Ａ＝２．７５×１０＾１０ｍｉｎ＾－１，并测定了标准活化熵和活化焓，分别为△ｒ＾≠Ｓｍ＾φ＝－６９．１Ｊ．ｍｏｌ＾－１．Ｋ＾－１和△≠ｒＨｍ＾φ＝８０．４ｋＪ．ｍｏｌ＾－１，提出了该环化反应的可能机理。用１ＨＮＭＲ分析了环化聚异戊二烯的结构。     

硫酸钛催化酯化反应动力学研究

根据硫酸钛催化合成乙酸正丁酯反应的特点导出非等温变体积条件下的反应速率方程,并导出用于计算动力学参数的理论公式。在此基础上对不同实验条件下的多组实验数据进行动力学处理,结果表明该反应服从二级反应动力学模型,表观活化能为１９７．９４ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－１,指前因子为４．２６５１×１０２５ｄｍ３·ｍｏｌ－１·ｍｉｎ－１．     

β—环糊精与苯丙氨酸包络物热分解反应动力学研究

用非等温热重法研究了β－环糊精与苯丙氨酸包络物的热分解反应动力学。实验结果表明，β－环精精与苯丙氨酸包络物热分解过程反应级数大于１．用Ｏｚａｗａ法和Ｒｅｉｃｈ法求得的热分解反应的活化能分别为１７４．０１ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ和１７４．６８ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。     

红外光谱法研究聚丁二烯聚氨酯生成动力学

用红外光谱法研究了聚丁二烯聚氨酯在本体状态下的生成动力学。选用异氰酸酯在２２７０ｃｍ￣（－１）的吸收作为分析谱带，定量加入硫氰酸钾作内标。结果表明：生成反应为二级反应；没有扩链剂存在时，端羟基液体聚丁二烯与４，４＇—二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（ＭＤＩ）和２，４—甲苯二异氰酸酯（ＴＤＩ）反应的表现活化能分别为３４．６５ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ和４３．２２ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ；加入扩链剂１，４—丁二醇（ＢＤＯ）使ＭＤＪ体系活化能降至２１．１９ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，ＴＤＩ体系活化能降至２５．７９ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。     

三丁酸甘油酯乙酯化和皂化竞争反应动力学的研究

研究了碱性条件了三丁丁酸油酯乙经和皂化反应动力学,结果表明三丁酸甘油酯的乙酯化和皂化反应对三丁酸甘油酯都属于级反应,乙酯反应和皂化反应的活化能分别为５７．１９ｋＪ．ｍｏｌ＾－１和１３．０２ｋＪ．ｍｏｌ＾－１,反应温度升高对乙酯化反应有利。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.