Three-dimensional heteronuclear NMR studies of RNA.

Multidimensional heteronuclear NMR has revolutionized solution structure determinations of proteins. But this technique has not been applied to nucleic acids because of difficulties in the synthesis of isotopically (13C and/or 15N) labelled molecules. Here we report the application of three-dimensional heteronuclear NMR to the study of a uniformly 13C/15N or 15N-labelled RNA duplex of defined sequence. These experiments simplify resonance assignment and the analysis of proton-proton nuclear Overhauser effects (and therefore distance information) in the molecule. Our results show that it is now possible to determine the structures of larger and more complex RNAs using multidimensional heteronuclear NMR.     

对─叔丁基─杯［8］芳烃对C_（60）的分子识别

通过甲苯溶液中对─叔丁基─杯［８］芳烃与Ｃ６０的反应，合成了它们的１：１络合物．产物经红外光谱、元素分析、Ｘ－射线粉末衍射确证．还采用固体１３Ｃ核磁共振技术研究对─叔丁基─杯［８］芳烃对Ｃ６０的分子识别．１３Ｃ魔角固体核磁共振谱清楚地揭示出Ｃ６０被包结在杯芳烃的疏水空腔中．１３Ｃ核磁共振静态谱表明被包在空腔中的Ｃ６０分子于室温时仍在快速旋转．这说明Ｃ６０分子与对─叔丁基─杯［８］芳烃之间的相互作用非常弱．     

边带全抑制和偶极相移技术在~(13)C固体高分辨核磁共振中的应用

应用交叉极化、魔角旋转、边带金抑制和偶极相移技术,可以从固体~(13)C核磁共振谱中区分出非质子碳的信号。本方法为复杂的天然高分子聚合物,如煤、生油岩干酪根等的结构分析提供了有效的手段。     

Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 structure determined by NMR molecular fragment searching

Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is an integral membrane protein in the mitochondrial anion carrier protein family, the members of which facilitate the transport of small molecules across the mitochondrial inner membrane. When the mitochondrial respiratory complex pumps protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, it builds up an electrochemical potential. A fraction of this electrochemical potential is dissipated as heat, in a process involving leakage of protons back to the matrix. This leakage, or 'uncoupling' of the proton electrochemical potential, is mediated primarily by uncoupling proteins. However, the mechanism of UCP-mediated proton translocation across the lipid bilayer is unknown. Here we describe a solution-NMR method for structural characterization of UCP2. The method, which overcomes some of the challenges associated with membrane-protein structure determination, combines orientation restraints derived from NMR residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) and semiquantitative distance restraints from paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) measurements. The local and secondary structures of the protein were determined by piecing together molecular fragments from the Protein Data Bank that best fit experimental RDCs from samples weakly aligned in a DNA nanotube liquid crystal. The RDCs also determine the relative orientation of the secondary structural segments, and the PRE restraints provide their spatial arrangement in the tertiary fold. UCP2 closely resembles the bovine ADP/ATP carrier (the only carrier protein of known structure), but the relative orientations of the helical segments are different, resulting in a wider opening on the matrix side of the inner membrane. Moreover, the nitroxide-labelled GDP binds inside the channel and seems to be closer to transmembrane helices 1-4. We believe that this biophysical approach can be applied to other membrane proteins and, in particular, to other mitochondrial carriers, not only for structure determination but also to characterize various conformational states of these proteins linked to substrate transport.     

A protein-tyrosine phosphatase with sequence similarity to the SH2 domain of the protein-tyrosine kinases.

The phosphorylation of proteins at tyrosine residues is critical in cellular signal transduction, neoplastic transformation and control of the mitotic cycle. These mechanisms are regulated by the activities of both protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases). As in the PTKs, there are two classes of PTPases: membrane associated, receptor-like enzymes and soluble proteins. Here we report the isolation of a complementary DNA clone encoding a new form of soluble PTPase, PTP1C. The enzyme possesses a large noncatalytic region at the N terminus which unexpectedly contains two adjacent copies of the Src homology region 2 (the SH2 domain) found in various nonreceptor PTKs and other cytoplasmic signalling proteins. As with other SH2 sequences, the SH2 domains of PTP1C formed high-affinity complexes with the activated epidermal growth factor receptor and other phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. These results suggest that the SH2 regions in PTP1C may interact with other cellular components to modulate its own phosphatase activity against interacting substrates. PTPase activity may thus directly link growth factor receptors and other signalling proteins through protein-tyrosine phosphorylation.     

Crystal structure of a Src-homology 3 (SH3) domain.

The Src-homologous SH3 domain is a small domain present in a large number of proteins that are involved in signal transduction, such as the Src protein tyrosine kinase, or in membrane-cytoskeleton interactions, but the function of SH3 is still unknown (reviewed in refs 1-3). Here we report the three-dimensional structure at 1.8 A resolution of the SH3 domain of the cytoskeletal protein spectrin expressed in Escherichia coli. The domain is a compact beta-barrel made of five antiparallel beta-strands. The amino acids that are conserved in the SH3 sequences are located close to each other on one side of the molecule. This surface is rich in aromatic and carboxylic amino acids, and is distal to the region of the molecule where the N and C termini reside and where SH3 inserts into the alpha-spectrin chain. We suggest that a protein ligand binds to this conserved surface of SH3.     

Homology of a yeast actin-binding protein to signal transduction proteins and myosin-I

In yeast, the cortical actin cytoskeleton seems to specify sites of growth of the cell surface. Because the actin-binding protein ABP1p is associated with the cortical cytoskeleton of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it might be involved in the spatial organization of cell surface growth. ABP1p is localized to the cortical cytoskeleton and its overproduction causes assembly of the cortical actin cytoskeleton at inappropriate sites on the cell surface, resulting in delocalized surface growth. We have now cloned and sequenced the gene encoding ABP1p. ABP1p is a novel protein with a 50 amino-acid C-terminal domain that is very similar to the SH3 domain in the non-catalytic region of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (including those encoded by the proto-oncogenes c-src and c-abl), in phospholipase C gamma and in alpha-spectrin. We also identified an SH3-related motif in the actin-binding tail domain of myosin-I. The identification of SH3 domains in a family of otherwise unrelated proteins that associate with the membrane cytoskeleton indicates that this domain might serve to bring together signal transduction proteins and their targets or regulators, or both, in the membrane cytoskeleton.     

一种非对称苯基脒基镁化合物的合成及结构表征

配体(Dipp) N(Li) SiMe3(Dipp=2,6-iPr-C6 H3)与苯腈进行亲核加成反应,再和溴化镁进行复分解反应,得到了五配位金属镁化合物[2,6-lPr2C6 H3 NC(Ph)N(SiMe3)]2Mg(THF) (1),该化合物通过1H NMR,13C NMR和元素分析进行了表征,并用X-ray单晶衍射进行了结构分析.其晶体呈扭曲的三角双锥结构且属于单斜晶系:P21/n空间群,a=11.759 (6)(A),b=28.216 (15)(A),c=14.875 (7)(A),β=96.913(8)°,V=4 900 (4)(A)3,Z=4,R1=0.0871,GOF=0.985.     

La(C15H11N2O4)(C15H10N2O4)·2H2O配合物的制备、表征和热化学性质

采用三种不同的方法,用邻羧基苯甲醛水杨酰腙与硝酸镧反应,制得新型稀土镧配合物,经元素分析、化学分析并且结合热分析确定了其组成为La(C15H11N2O4)(C15H10N2O4)·2H2O.利用摩尔电导测定、红外光谱、氢谱等手段推测了配合物的结构.根据TG-DTG曲线研究了配合物的热分解过程.     

Half-sandwich rhodium polychalcogenide complexes and a carbon insertion into Te-Te bond

Treatment of CptRh(PMe3)Cl2(1) (Cpt = 5(- tBu2C5H3) with [Et4N]2Se6 in DMF solution leads to the formation of cyclo-tetraselenido half-sandwich rhodium complexes CptRh(PMe3)(Se4) (2). The elimination of 2 with excess of nBu3P results in cyclo-diselenido rhodium complex CptRh(PMe3)(Se2) (3). 1 reacts with [nBu4N]2Te5 in DMF solution to yield cyclo-ditellurido rhodium complex CptRh (PMe3)(Te2) (4) in which carbon atom from CH2Cl2 can be inserted into Te-Te bond to form CptRh(PMe3)(TeCH2Te) (5). The new complexes 2-5 have been characterized by their IR, EI-MS, and 1H, 13C, 31P, 103Rh NMR spectra as well as elemental analysis.     

十二烷基硫酸钠在水滑石层间的插层行为研究

采用¹³C和²⁷Al固体核磁共振表征方法结合XRD及热分析等表征技术,对十二烷基硫酸钠（NaDS）柱撑的水滑石（Mg₂Al-NO^-3）的分子结构进行了研究。结果表明,柱撑物中的有机相存在两种不同的构形,外表面吸附的DS^-主要是以活动性较好的无序构形状态存在,进入层间的DS^-主要是以活动性差的有序构形状态存在。NaDS柱撑LDHs中有序构形的量随DS^-溶液浓度的增加而增加,当溶液中DS^-的物质的量达到水滑石阴离子交换容量（AEC）的2倍或更大时,层间DS^-的量保持为57%左右。NaDS柱撑水滑石的铝核周围的配位为单一的六配位环境,此环境在柱撑前后没有发生明显变化。     

The SH2/SH3 adaptor Grb4 transduces B-ephrin reverse signals

Bidirectional signals mediated by membrane-anchored ephrins and Eph receptor tyrosine kinases have important functions in cell-cell recognition events, including those that occur during axon pathfinding and hindbrain segmentation. The reverse signal that is transduced into B-ephrin-expressing cells is thought to involve tyrosine phosphorylation of the signal's short, conserved carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic domain. The Src-homology-2 (SH2) domain proteins that associate with activated tyrosine-phosphorylated B-subclass ephrins have not been identified, nor has a defined cellular response to reverse signals been described. Here we show that the SH2/SH3 domain adaptor protein Grb4 binds to the cytoplasmic domain of B ephrins in a phosphotyrosine-dependent manner. In response to B-ephrin reverse signalling, cells increase FAK catalytic activity, redistribute paxillin, lose focal adhesions, round up, and disassemble F-actin-containing stress fibres. These cellular responses can be blocked in a dominant-negative fashion by expression of the isolated Grb4 SH2 domain. The Grb4 SH3 domains bind a unique set of other proteins that are implicated in cytoskeletal regulation, including the Cbl-associated protein (CAP/ponsin), the Abl-interacting protein-1 (Abi-1), dynamin, PAK1, hnRNPK and axin. These data provide a biochemical pathway whereby cytoskeletal regulators are recruited to Eph-ephrin bidirectional signalling complexes.     

一种新的D-π-A型的环金属化有机配体的合成与性质

采用Aldol缩合、Michael加成和无溶剂的Wittig反应等,合成一种新型的D-π-A型的含C^N^N结构的环金属化有机配体:反式-2’-苯基-4-[4’-(N,N-二乙氨基)苯乙烯基]-6’-吡啶基吡啶(6).用傅立叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振、质谱等手段对其进行了结构表征,初步研究了该化合物的紫外-可见光谱、荧光光谱和电化学性质,并通过量子化学计算的方法对光谱进行了合理的解释.     

Toxin-induced conformational changes in a potassium channel revealed by solid-state NMR

The active site of potassium (K+) channels catalyses the transport of K+ ions across the plasma membrane--similar to the catalytic function of the active site of an enzyme--and is inhibited by toxins from scorpion venom. On the basis of the conserved structures of K+ pore regions and scorpion toxins, detailed structures for the K+ channel-scorpion toxin binding interface have been proposed. In these models and in previous solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies using detergent-solubilized membrane proteins, scorpion toxins were docked to the extracellular entrance of the K+ channel pore assuming rigid, preformed binding sites. Using high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy, here we show that high-affinity binding of the scorpion toxin kaliotoxin to a chimaeric K+ channel (KcsA-Kv1.3) is associated with significant structural rearrangements in both molecules. Our approach involves a combined analysis of chemical shifts and proton-proton distances and demonstrates that solid-state NMR is a sensitive method for analysing the structure of a membrane protein-inhibitor complex. We propose that structural flexibility of the K+ channel and the toxin represents an important determinant for the high specificity of toxin-K+ channel interactions.     

核磁共振碳谱研究：烷烃的化学位移的估计与预测

依据Ｌｉｎｄｅｍａｎ ＬＰ和Ａｄａｍｓ ＪＱ给出的烷烃（Ｃ５－Ｃ９）所有异构体的核磁共振碳谱（Ｃ－１３ＮＭＲ）的化学位移数据，用来检验和改进及扩展ＧｒａｎｔＤＭ与Ｐａｕｌ ＥＧ估计与预测的核磁共振碳－１３谱化学位移参数，讨论了磁非等价性对碳谱化学位移的影响，给出了一种便利的相关关集，它能很好地将化学位移与烷烃分子结构相关性。     

三价金属铊与配体邻啡咯啉和8-羟基喹啉络合物的合成及结构表征

合成了新的三价金属铊与配体邻啡咯啉(Phen)和8-羟基喹啉(Oxine)的络合物,并应用多核核磁共振(1H,13C和205Tl)渡谱和振动光谱,系统地对所合成的络合物进行了溶液和固相的表征.204T1核磁共振波谱表明,单配体络合物[T1(phen)] 3+,双配体络合物[T1(phen)2] 3+和三配体络合物[T1(phen)3] 3+以化学平衡的形式存在于二甲基砜(DMSO)和乙腈(CH3CN)溶液中.并在DMSO溶液中,测定了三配体络舍物[T1(phen)3] (ClO4)3 (1)和四配体络舍物ETl(oxine)4] (ClO4)3(2)的1H和13C NMR谱,其自旋-自旋耦合常数(T1(I=1/2)-13C和Tl(I=1/2)-1H)均被观测到.从二维共振谱(13C-1H COSY图谱),四配体络合物FTl(oxine)4] 3+中C-H联结和其复杂的自旋-自旋耦合1H NMR图谱均被明确地归属和指认.紫外-可见光谱表明配体到金属的电荷转移吸收谱(LMCT)分别为315 nm(ε=1.65×103mol-1·cm-1)(1)和375 nm(ε=7.48×103mol-1·cm-1)(2).由此可见,三价铊与配体邻啡咯啉(Phen)和8-羟基喹啉(Oxine)均都生成了稳定的络合物.     

新型铁系催化剂催化制备高相对分子质量宽/双峰聚乙烯

合成了配合物3([2,6-R2-C6H3N=C(CH3)C5H3N(CH3)C=N(3,5-R2)C6H2-CH2-(3,5-R2)C6H2N=C(CH3)C5H3N(CH3)C=N(2,6-R2)C6H3][FeCl2]2(R=i-C3H7)).经甲基铝氧烷(MAO)或三乙基铝(AlEt3)活化,配合物3对乙烯聚合表现出较高的催化活性,得到高相对分子质量的宽/双峰聚乙烯,且聚乙烯中高相对分子质量部分占优势.此外,所得聚乙烯具有较高的熔点和结晶度.13C NMR核磁共振表征显示,所得聚合物为线性聚乙烯.     

新型杯[4]芳烃衍生物的合成及结构表征

为进一步研究杯[4]芳烃衍生物,并为后续衍生化反应制备中间体,用对叔丁基苯酚和甲醛为原料,利用一步法合成了对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃;再以对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃与碘乙醇的反应,得到了对叔丁基25,27-二羟基-26,28-二羟乙氧基杯[4]芳烃,其结构经1H NMR、13C NMR,、IR、MS和元素分析确证.     

Drosophila Stardust is a partner of Crumbs in the control of epithelial cell polarity.

The polarized architecture of epithelial cells depends on the highly stereotypic distribution of cellular junctions and other membrane-associated protein complexes. In epithelial cells of the Drosophila embryo, three distinct domains subdivide the lateral plasma membrane. The most apical one comprises the subapical complex (SAC). It is followed by the zonula adherens (ZA) and, further basally, by the septate junction. A core component of the SAC is the transmembrane protein Crumbs, the cytoplasmic domain of which recruits the PDZ-protein Discs Lost into the complex. Cells lacking crumbs or the functionally related gene stardust fail to organize a continuous ZA and to maintain cell polarity. Here we show that stardust provides an essential component of the SAC. Stardust proteins colocalize with Crumbs and bind to the carboxy-terminal amino acids of its cytoplasmic tail. We introduce two different Stardust proteins here: one MAGUK protein, characterized by a PDZ domain, an SH3 domain and a guanylate kinase domain; and a second isoform comprising only the guanylate kinase domain. The Stardust proteins represent versatile candidates as structural and possibly regulatory constituents of the SAC, a crucial element in the control of epithelial cell polarity.     

新型2-苄基取代苯并呋喃衍生物的合成

水杨醛与2-溴-4’-氟苯乙酮经取代、分子内缩合反应生成2-苯甲酰基苯并呋喃中间体化合物1再与氮杂环化合物反应,经wolf-kishner-黄鸣龙还原合成得到6个新型含氮杂环的2-苄基取代苯并呋喃类似物(2a~2f),其结构经IR、1H NMR和13C NMR表征.