基于RAPD标记的罗布麻野生居群遗传多样性分析

利用RAPD技术对采自我国8个省份的9个罗布麻野生居群进行遗传多样性分析.从80条随机引物中筛选出17条引物,共扩增出157条带,其中多态性带108条.物种水平的多态位点百分率(PPB)为68.79%,Nei’s基因多样性指数H为0.2296,Shannon’s多态性信息指数I为0.3390.居群间的遗传分化系数Gst为0.8841,即11.59%的遗传变异来自于居群内,88.41%的遗传变异来自于居群间,居群间的遗传分化水平远高于居群内.居群间遗传距离与聚类结果显示各居群间的亲缘关系与地理分布不完全相关.针对现有罗布麻的遗传多样性现状,建议加强对现有自然居群的保护.     

黄河三角洲柽柳群体遗传多样性RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分子标记技术,分析了黄河三角洲主要优势树种之一柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)3个天然群体的遗传多样性及遗传分化。结果表明:26条随机引物扩增出105个可分析位点,多态位点百分比40.07%,Nei的基因多样度(h)为0.4061,Shannon多样性指数(I)为0.5917,基因分化系数(Gst)为0.0507,基因流值为9.3564。分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明,在总遗传变异中,群体间遗传变异占7.17%,群体内占92.83%。说明柽柳物种内存在较高的遗传多样性,群体的遗传变异主要存在于群体内,群体间基因交流频繁,遗传距离与地理距离具有显著相关性。     

唐鱼野生与养殖群体遗传多样性的随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析

应用随机扩增DNA多态性(RAPD)技术对唐鱼野生与养殖群体的遗传多样性进行了分析。从40个10BP引物中选取15个用于群体遗传多样性分析,共检测出93个位点,其中46个(49.46%)呈多态;两群体的多态位点比例分别为43.01%和41.94%;用香农指数量化的遗传多样性指数,野生群体(0.23)略高于养殖群体(0.20),平均遗传多样性指数为0.22,群体内和群体间的遗传变异比例分别为85%和15%;群体的遗传相似度高达0.96,彼此间的遗传距离仅为0.04。研究表明,唐鱼目前的种质资源状况令人堪忧,恢复唐鱼有效种群大小、丰富物种遗传多样性是资源保护的基础。     

松枯梢病菌RAPD分子水平遗传距离分析

对来自中国、美国、英国、南非和智利的松枯梢病菌23个菌株进行RAPD分析。用12个引物共扩增出135个RAPD标记,其中多态性标记占96.3%。各菌株间的Nei相似系数UPGMA法聚类结果表明,国内外23个菌株可大致分为3个类群:来自智利的CWS41与所有菌株的遗传关系最远;来自中国的F2和J2次之;其他的国外菌株与国内菌株的遗传关系则较近。此次实验未将来自美国的B型菌株与其他菌株区分开。     

濒危植物连香树遗传多样性研究

以我国特有的濒危被子植物连香树为材料,采用RAPD标记对分布于浙江、安徽、湖南、湖北、四川、陕西、河南的11 个天然居群进行了检测。以20个引物共扩增出691条DNA片段,其中多态性条带328条,占总条带数的475 %。AMOVA分析表明,连香树的基因分化系数为0479 7,居群内变异占总变异的5203 %。由Nei基因分化系数估计的基因流仅为0542 4,表明居群间基因交流困难。UPGMA聚类分析表明,安徽歙县居群与河南济源居群的关系最远。遗传漂变等因素可能是连香树目前遗传结构的主要成因。保护现有生境、通过培育实生苗并扩大繁殖栽培的范围是目前对连香树比较好的保护措施。     

Influence of long-period pesticide force on genetic polymorphism of wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata (Lycosidae: Araneae)

Wolf spiders are predators in large quantities in the fields. How wolf spiders keep their dominant species status under long-period pesticide force? To answer this question, eight geographical populations of Pardosa pseudoannulata were used as materials to test the influence of geographical habitats on their genomic DNA polymorphism. The RAPD pattern showed polymorphic variations among and within different populations. Total 84 bands amplified by 10 random primers, of which 62 (73.81%) are polymorphic, were generated from 55 individuals of eight geographical populations. Meanwhile, Shannon’s index (Ho= 0.5177) showed a rich genetic diversity of P. pseudoannulata, and most of the genetic variation (64.24%) was found within populations. Multiple regression analysis suggested that it is the climatic variation (such as annual average temperature etc.) that results in adaptive eco-geographic differentiation, and it is the long-period pesticide force that speeds up the genetic differentiation of P. pseudoannulata which changed the genetic diversity of the population.     

松材线虫和拟松材线虫种间及种内遗传相关性的RAPD分析

运用RAPD技术对来自日本、韩国、美国、加拿大和中国大陆6省及台湾地区的松材线虫和拟松材线虫16个虫株的基因组DNA进行随机扩增,聚类分析结果显示,松材线虫和拟松材线虫明显分为两大类。在松材线虫群体中,又可分为3个亚组:中国大陆虫株与日本虫株为一亚组,加拿大虫株为一亚组,中国台湾虫株与美国虫株为一亚组。拟松材线虫群体亦可分为两亚组:一为日本、中国台湾和中国江苏虫株,二为韩国和中国湖南虫株。     

RAPD Analysis for Genetic Variation within the Endangered Quillwort Isoetes hypsophila （Isoetaceae）

The genetie variation in the critically endangered species Isoetes hypsophila was investigated using Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA (RAPD) markers. Thirteen primers were screened from sixty primers, and a total of 104 DNA fragments were scored, of which, 52 were polymorphic loci. Low-level genetic diversity within populations with PPB values ranging from 7.69% to 25.96% was found. An Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) indicated that the most of variance (78.30%) occurred between Yunnan and Sichuan. The variances among populations within regions and within populations were only 3.89% and 17.82%, respectively.     

Genetic diversity of reared N.miichthioides population

The genetic diversity of 30 rearedNibea miichthioides individuals was analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with 20 random primers. The result showed that the genetic diversity of reared individuals was relatively low with 15.31% polymorphism and 0.031 9 of the average difference (AD). The result also indicated that RAPD is a useful way in genetic diversity analysis of fish population.     

飞蝗五个自然种群的遗传分化研究

采用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）技术检测飞蝗Locusta migratoria（Linnaeus）2个亚种5个种群的遗传多样性，11个随机引物扩增共产生了163条带，其中多态性片段为156条．Shannon信息指数和Nei’S指数对RAPD数据的分析表明：东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis（Meyen）不同种群存在较高的遗传多样性；同时，东亚飞蝗种群间出现一定程度的遗传分化，遗传分化系数分别为36．09％和33．85％．用UPGMA对Nei’S遗传距离作聚类分析，结果表明：东亚飞蝗不同种群的亲缘关系较近，而它们与亚洲飞蝗Locusta migratoria migratoria（Linnaeus）关系较远．由Nei’S遗传一致度和遗传距离可以看出，东亚飞蝗不同种群间的遗传距离均小于东亚飞蝗与亚洲飞蝗之间的遗传距离．由Mantel软件检验得出地理距离和遗传距离的相关性系数r〈0．7，表明这5个种群亲缘关系的远近与地理距离无相关性．同时，还结合等位酶种群遗传结构研究结果综合分析了上述东亚飞蝗4种群的遗传多样性及其分化，表明RAPD可检测出更高水平的遗传多样性．     

不同纬度野生大豆种群间的遗传变异

选用了经初步筛选的２０个短随机序列引物和２个长随机序列引物对５个不同纯度来源的野生大豆进行了ＤＮＡ随机扩增,其中有１９个引物扩增出多态性片段,区获得７０个ＲＡＰＤ多态性片段,平均每个引物３．６８条,运用自编的计算机程序对扩增进行聚类分析。     

RAPD Analysis for Genetic Variation within the Endangered Quillwort Isoetes hypsophila (Isoetaceae)

0　IntroductionI soetes hypsophila, a Chinese endemic species, is a memberof the heterosporous aquatic quillworts, and is a perennialdistributed in shallow zones of plateau lake or plateau marsh ofSichuan and Yunnan Province in China. In recent years, I.hypsophilahas declined rapidly in population quantity (num ber) and has even disappeared from many locations. The spe cies is now considered to be rare and threatened or endangeredin China and is listed among first category of protected wil…     

The genetic diversity of central and peripheral populations of ratlike hamster (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cricetulus triton</Emphasis>)

The impact of habitat fragmentation and isolation on the genetic diversity of populations has attracted much attention in studies of meta-population and conservation biology. In this work, using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, we studied the genetic diversity of central, peripheral and peninsular populations of ratlike hamster, which were collected in five locations of the North China Plain and its surrounding areas, in 1999. The study revealed that, i) the genetic diversity of central population of Raoyang County>the sub-central populations of Gu’an County and Taikang County > the peripheral population of Shunyi District>the peninsular population of Mentougou District; ii) the genetic diversities of the five populations were positively correlated to the nearest distances to the peripheral line of population distribution; iii) there were significant differences of gene frequencies of some RAPD fragments among the five populations. More RAPD fragments disappeared in peripheral populations than in central or sub-central populations. The frequencies of two RAPD fragments were correlated to the latitude. This study clearly indicated that the variation of the genetic diversities of the five populations was caused by edge effect and fragmentation through the enhanced inbreeding and genetic drift, and thus supported the view that habitat fragmentation and related edge effect reduce the population genetic diversity.     

外来入侵种空心莲子草的RAPD遗传多样性分析

基于随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)方法,对8个居群空心莲子草Agasicles hygrophila的遗传多样性及分化程度进行分析。10条随机引物扩增出99个可分析位点,多态位点百分比为36．3％。POPOGENE分析发现,空心莲子草居群平均水平的多态位点百分比为26．2％,Nei’s基因多样度为0．0906,Shannon信息指数为0．1609,具有较高的遗传多样性;居群间遗传分化比例为30．88％,居群内遗传分化占69．12％;居群间基因流为1．1189。结合居群遗传多样性及UPGMA聚类分析表明,镇江及南京地区是空心莲子草遗传变异程度最高的中心区,应该作为外来种空心莲子草防治及根除的重点地带,防治的最有效措施是加强对其无性繁殖体临近传播、蔓延和扩散途径的阻断。     

不同地区桐花树种群的分子遗传变异分析

利用RAPD和ISSR两种分子标记,对4个不同纬度桐花树种群的遗传多样性和遗传分化进行探讨,根据RAPD和ISSR数据计算遗传距离并进行聚类分析.结果表明,4个种群桐花树遗传变异性低,4个纬度桐花树种群分为南北两个类群,海南和广西为1个类群,广东和福建为1个类群.利用Shannon's指数计算4个种群的遗传多样性,广西种群多样性指数最高,福建种群最低.大部分的遗传变异存在于种群内(64%),小部分的遗传变异存在种群间(36%).本文同时探讨了种群遗传保护和引种策略.     

油蒿种群遗传分化的RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)方法对油蒿(Artemlsia ordosica Krasch．)的5个种群进行了研究．用15个随机引物扩增出297条清晰谱带，其中285条为多态性谱带．利用POPGENE 32软件对数据进行处理，结果如下：(1)油蒿有着丰富的遗传多态性，多态位点百分率达96％，各种群多态位点百分比在84．6％～90．9％之间．(2)油蒿的种群间分化较小Gat=0．1364，86．36％的遗传变异存在于种群内，各种群的遗传一致度都在96％以上(3)聚类分析显示，地理分布近的种群被聚到了一起，反映了油蒿种群的遗传分化和地理距离有着一定的相关性．     

金华地区野生大豆小种群的分子生态学研究

为了阐明小地区范围内野生大豆种群的遗传分化情况,应用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）方法,对浙江金华地区５个一年生野生大豆种群,进行了分子生态学研究。用根据ＲＡＰＤ数据计算得 Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ指数估计了５个野生大豆种群的遗传多样性。发现大部分的遗传变异存在于野生大豆种群间,只有少部分的遗传变异存在于种群内。     

浙江省及其临近地区益母草的RAPD分析

运用8个有效的10mer-寡核苷酸引物对浙江省及其邻近地区益母草(Leonurus japonicus)7个居群的基因组DNA进行了RAPD(random amplified polymorphic DNA)扩增，共检测到65个位点，其中多态位点45个，占69．23％。应用Jaccard公式计算了7个居群在65个位点上的相似性，并以此为基础，应用主坐标排序法作出了7个居群遗传分化的三维排序图，结果表明，浙江省及其邻近地区益母草的遗传性状总体较为接近，7个居群的遗传分化与其地理分布有一定的联系。     

中国特有极度濒危植物猪血木的保护遗传学研究

应用RAPD标记分析了广东阳春八甲镇猪血木Euryodendron excelsumH.T.Chang种群全部14个个体的遗传变异和进化关系.23个引物共检测到156个位点,其中多态位点95个,多态位点比率60.90%.根据所得数据求出的观察等位基因数为1.609 0、有效等位基因数为1.347 1、Nei基因多样性为0.199 3、Shannon多样性指数为0.153 4.猪血木还保留有比较丰富的遗传多样性.对Jaccard相似性系数用UPGMA法进行聚类分析表明,猪血木个体明显地分为2个亚群,其中2号个体同其他成员的遗传关系疏远.RAPD谱带表型的主成分分析(PCA)支持聚类分析结果.根据这些结果讨论了种群的管理和保护策略.     

应用RAPD技术对新疆布顿大麦遗传多样性的研究

利用RAPD分子标记，通过40条10碱基随机引流，对32份新疆布顿大麦进行了遗传多样性评价。在40个10碱基随机引物中，有22个引物（占55％）的扩增产物具有多态性，每条多态性引物能产生1－7条多态性DNA带纹。40个引物共扩增227条带，其中95条（占41．9％）具有多态性，平均每条引物能产生1．7条多态性DNA带纹。基于RAPD技术计算了32份布屯大麦间的遗传相似系数（GS）变化值为0．427－0．848，平均值为0．681，利用不完全加权算术平均数（UPGMA），采用1－GS矩阵对其进行遗传聚类，结果表明，RAPD标记将32份参试材料区分为3类（或亚类），来源于新疆北部的20份材料有17份材料（占85％）聚入Ib亚类，而第Ia亚类则主要来自于新疆中部的一些材料。研究表明，RAPD标记揭示的新疆布顿大麦间的遗传多样性与其地理来源紧密相关。