RSM优化巴戟天多糖的超声波辅助提取工艺

利用响应面分析法(RSM),对超声波水提巴戟天多糖的工艺进行优化.在单因素实验的基础上,根据Box-Behnken中心组合设计原理,采用3因素3水平的响应面分析法,运用SAS 8.2和Design-Expert 7.1.1分析软件对实验数据进行二次响应面分析.获得巴戟天多糖的最佳提取条件:料液比(原料质量与提取液体积的比,g:mL)为1:13,超声波提取时间为30 min,提取次数为2次.在此最优工艺条件下,测得巴戟天多糖质量比为35.93 mg·g-1.     

Box-Behnken设计响应面法优化超声波辅助双水相法提取玛咖多糖

利用Box-Behnken设计响应面法优化超声波辅助双水相法提取玛咖多糖的条件.采用玛咖干根为原料,考察了提取温度、提取时间、料液比3个因素对提取结果的影响.在单个变量因子实验基础上,通过采用Box-Behnken设计响应面分析法对玛咖多糖的超声波双水相提取条件进行优化.最佳提取条件为提取温度60 ℃、料液比1∶20(质量比)、提取时间52 min.与二次方程的拟合度在0.815 3,得到玛咖多糖的提取率为15.831%,与实测值15.732%基本一致.Box-Behnken响应面法用于优化超声波辅助双水相法提取玛咖多糖的条件是可行的,模型预测效果较好,优化条件具备可行性.     

双孢磨菇多糖提取工艺优化研究

通过单因素实验确定实验对象与水平,根据Box-Benhnken的中心组合实验设计原则,在单因素试验的基础上采用3因素3水平的响应面分析法,建立了多糖提取率与各影响因子的回归方程,并得到以双孢菇多糖提取率为响应值的响应面图和等高线图,进而分析得出了双孢菇多糖提取的最佳工艺条件:提取温度71.8℃、提取时间125 min,料液比1∶31.3,提取次数1次,在此条件下双孢菇多糖的理论提取率可达1.72%.     

荔枝多糖的超声波辅助提取工艺优化研究

通过单因素试验和RSA响应面分析法优化了荔枝多糖的超声波辅助提取工艺.结果表明，超声波法提取荔枝多糖的最佳条件为:以荔枝干果肉为原料，以水为提取剂，超声波功率72W，提取时间32min，水料比12:1.在此条件下，荔枝粗多糖的提取率可达18.94%.     

响应面分析法对酸提糯米藤多糖工艺的优化

目的:优化糯米藤多糖的回流提取工艺.方法:在单因素实验基础上,采用响应面分析法,以多糖提取率为响应值,通过回归分析各工艺参数与响应值之间的关系,由此预测最佳的提取工艺条件.结果:最佳工艺条件为:回流提取温度88.8℃,酸浓度0.322 mol/L,提取时间55.5 min,液固比22.1:1,其他条件为:浸泡时间30 min、提取次数2次,在最佳工艺条件下多糖提取率可达13.79 g/100 g.结论:响应面分析法优化稀盐酸回流提取多糖的预测准确、方便,所得的最佳提取工艺高效、可行.     

均匀设计法优化超声波提取牛蒡多糖工艺的研究

对利用超声波从牛蒡中提取多糖的工艺条件进行了研究.在提取过程中,通过单因素法分析了几个主要因素:料液质量比、超声波提取功率及超声波提取时间对提取率的影响.在单因素的基础上,通过均匀设计法对超声波提取牛蒡多糖的工艺条件进行了优化,实验表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:料液质量比1∶35、超声波功率700 W、超声波提取102 min,提取率可达59.5%.     

响应面分析法优化羊栖菜多糖的提取工艺

针对羊栖菜多糖的提取,通过单因素实验选取实验因素与水平,根据BoxBenhnken的中心组合实验设计原理,在单因素试验的基础上采用三因素三水平的响应面分析法,依据回归分析确定各工艺条件的影响因子,以多糖提取率为响应值作响应面和等值线图．结果表明,羊栖菜多糖水浸提的最佳工艺条件为：提取温度85℃、浸提时间2．6h、水料比28：1;浸提1次时,羊栖菜多糖的提取率达到11．12％。     

响应面分析法优化甘草多糖提取条件

利用响应面分析法对甘草粗多糖提取工艺条件进行优化,在单因素试验基础上选取液料比、时间和温度3个因素,以甘草粗多糖提取率为响应值,对提取工艺条件进行优化,得到甘草粗多糖提取的最佳工艺条件为:液料比31∶1,时间2.1 h,温度63℃,在此条件下提取率可达10.23%。     

响应面优化柑橘皮色素超声波辅助提取工艺

利用超声波辅助技术对柑橘皮色素的较佳提取工艺进行了研究.应用单因素实验研究提取溶剂的选择、原料粉碎粒度、料液比、超声波功率、超声波提取时间、温度对吸光度的影响.在单因素实验基础上,设计四因素三水平的响应面分析法对超声波辅助提取柑橘皮色素工艺进行优化,确定较佳工艺条件为:提取溶剂为无水乙醇,橘皮粉碎粒度为80目(0.198 mm),料液比为1∶9,超声波功率为300 W,提取时间为17 min,提取温度为79℃,该条件下所提色素的吸光度值较大.     

白玉菇多糖提取方法的比较和优化

优选白玉菇多糖的提取工艺.采用热水浸提法、超声波辅助提取法、微波辅助提取法和碱提法4种方法提取白玉菇多糖,并采用响应面法优化超声波辅助提取法.热水浸提法、超声波辅助提取法、微波辅助提取法和碱提法提取多糖得率分别为2.90%、5.48%、4.86%、4.71%.超声波辅助提取法提取白玉菇多糖的得率与其他3种方法比较有显著差异.响应面法优化超声波辅助提取法的最优条件为:液料比23∶1,超声时间28 min(300 W),在92℃下热水浸提2 h,重复3次,测定白玉菇多糖的得率为6.03%.超声波辅助提取法可以显著提高白玉菇多糖得率.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-