微波辐射下碘催化水相合成2,2′-二(3-羟基-5,5-二甲基-2-环己烯基)甲苯

在微波条件下,以为水介质,碘为催化剂,使芳醛与5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮发生Michael加成反应,合成2,2′-二(3-羟基-5,5-二甲基-2-环己烯基)甲苯.该法具有反应时间较短,操作简单,安全,产率高和环境友好等特点.     

微波辐射下碘催化水相合成2,2'-二(3-羟基-5,5-二甲基-2-环己烯基)甲苯

在微波条件下,以为水介质,碘为催化剂,使芳醛与5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮发生Michael加成反应,合成2,2'-二(3-羟基-5,5-二甲基-2-环己烯基)甲苯. 该法具有反应时间较短,操作简单,安全,产率高和环境友好等特点.     

六钼酸/苄基三乙基氯化铵复合催化合成氧杂蒽二酮类衍生物

在六钼酸和苄基三乙基氯化铵的复合催化作用下,以芳香醛为原料,分别与1,3-环己二酮和5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮在乙腈溶剂中,通过缩合反应高产率的得到一系列氧杂蒽二酮类衍生物;并在此基础上探讨了合成该类化合物的最佳反应溶剂、最佳催化剂、最佳稳定剂及其用量等,同时验证了该催化体系可重复使用四次而催化活性无明显降低。所有合成的化合物均已通过熔点、IR、1H NMR、13C NMR和MS等手段进行结构鉴定与表征,并提出了可能的反应机理。     

六钼酸/苄基三乙基氯化铵催化合成氧杂蒽二酮类衍生物

在六钼酸和苄基三乙基氯化铵(BTEAC)的复合催化作用下,以芳香醛为原料,分别与1,3-环己二酮和5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮在乙腈溶剂中,通过缩合反应得到一系列高产率氧杂蒽二酮类衍生物;并在此基础上探讨了合成该类化合物的最佳反应溶剂、最佳催化剂、最佳稳定剂及其用量等,同时验证了该催化体系可重复使用5次而催化活性无明显降低.最后提出了可能的反应机理.     

离子液体中3，3，6，6-四甲基-1，8-二氧代-9-芳基-1，2，3，4，5，6，7，8-八氢化氧杂蒽的合成

芳醛和两分子的5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮在离子液体[bmim^＋][BF4^-]中合成了3,3,6,6-四甲基-1,8-二氧代-9-芳基-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-八氢化氧杂蒽系列化合物．和其它方法相比较,该方法操作简单、反应条件温和、产率高以及环境友好的优点．此外,还测定了这类化合物的荧光光谱．     

1,3-二氧六元杂环缩醛型双阴离子表面活性剂的合成

以正庚醛、2-十二酮、季戊四醇、3-溴-1-氯丙烷、亚硫酸钠为原料,通过缩合和取代反应合成了缩醛型双阴离子表面活性剂:3,3′-(2-己基-1,3-二氧杂环-5,5)-二亚甲基氧丙烷-1-磺酸钠盐(3a)和3,3′-(2-癸基-2-甲基-1,3-二氧杂环-5,5)-二亚甲基氧丙烷-1-磺酸钠盐(3b).所合成的中间体和目标化合物结构经IR、1 H NMR表征.     

N,N′-二烷基撑基环脲类化合物的合成工艺研究

N,N′-二烷撑基环脲类化合物做为一种新型的多功能溶剂已得到了广泛应用.本工艺以烷基二胺、尿素为原料,经环合和N-烷基化绿色高效制备了1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑酮(DMEU或DM I)、1,3-二甲基-2-嘧啶酮(DMPU),收率分别为74.5%和75.6%,并对目标化合物进行了表征.该工艺已顺利完成了1 000 L反应釜的中试.从而建立了高效、通用、绿色的N,N′-二烷撑基环脲类化合物的合成工艺.     

1,3-二芳基-2-甲基-2-碘甲基-1,3-丙二酮的合成

以1,3 二芳基 1,3 丙二酮为原料,经过二次烷基化反应合成了1,3 二芳基 2 甲基 2 碘甲基 1,3 丙二酮.产物结构经红外光谱、核磁共振光谱和质谱得到了证实.     

N1-（3-苯氧基丙基）-6-甲基尿嘧啶类化合物的合成研究

以取代的苯酚为起始原料,与1,3-二溴丙烷反应合成3-芳氧基-1-溴丙烷(2),通过加布里埃尔反应,使化合物(2)和邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾进行N-烷基化反应合成了2-(3-苯氧基-丙基)二氢异吲哚-1,3-二酮(3),再经肼解得到了3-苯氧基-1-丙胺(4)。将化合物(4)和过量的尿素反应生成单取代的脲(5),再加入活性中间体双乙烯酮,最终得到目标产物N1-(3-苯氧基丙基)-6-甲基尿嘧啶(6)。合成出了5个N1-取代-6-甲基尿嘧啶类化合物,并用1H NMR,IR和元素分析表征了目标产物的结构。该方法路线简捷、原料易得、反应条件较温和,选择性较高。     

非重氮化法合成偶氮化合物1,2,3,4,5,6-三(4-偶氮苯基)苯

本实验通过基础原料苯肼和1,4-环己二酮合成了1,4-环己二酮单苯腙(1),(1)在乙醇和二氯亚砜作用下三聚芳构化得到了1,2,3,4,5,6-三(4-偶氮苯基)苯(2),从而通过重氮化法合成了一种新型的偶氮化合物.该法操作简单,对环境友好,为生产偶氮化合物提供了新的途径.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-