鲳鱼品质变化动力学模型的实验研究

通过不同温度下的贮藏实验研究了鲳鱼的菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVBN)、鲜度指标K和感官指标随贮藏时间的变化规律.通过相应的品质能级函数分析,确定鲳鱼的K符合零级化学反应动力学模型,TVBN、总菌落数值符合一级化学反应动力学模型,且化学反应动力学方程的相关系数均大于0.9,具有较高的拟合精度.利用Arrhenius方程对活化能Ea和温度系数Q10进行计算,并对照感官评定得到鲳鱼在268～278 K,273～283 K和283～293 K温度段内任何一点温度T的货架期预测模型分别为θS(T)=5.8×2.009(278-T)/10,θS(T)=3.0×1.948(283-T)/10和θS(T)=1.7×2.407(293-T)/10,θs(T)为货架寿命.并模拟得到了鲳鱼经历不同温度、时间流通后的品质损失量和货架寿命余量.     

高产γ-氨基丁酸的红曲霉菌株筛选及发酵条件优化

从实验室保藏的11种红曲霉中,筛选出高产γ-氨基丁酸的红曲霉CH-1菌株.研究了发酵温度、时间、接种量、谷氨酸钠添加量等发酵条件对红曲霉CH-1产GABA含量的影响.经单因素实验及正交试验后得出红曲霉CH-1发酵大米产γ-氨基丁酸的较佳发酵条件为：发酵温度30℃,发酵时间9 d,接种量17%,谷氨酸钠添加量0.10 g,在此条件下,红曲霉CH-1发酵大米产GABA为1.93 mg/g,经高效液相色谱检测,桔霉素含量为0.01μg/g,低于国家标准1μg/g,可利用该产品开发更多形式的红曲食品.     

贮藏温度对蓝莓活性成分及抗氧化活性的影响

研究不同贮藏温度下,蓝莓果实的活性成分及抗氧化活性的变化,确定蓝莓鲜果适宜的贮藏温度,并为研究蓝莓果实中主要的抗氧化成分提供参考.在贮藏温度为20~25,10~15,0~5℃下,于不同贮藏期取样测定蓝莓果实中花青素、总酚和总黄酮的质量分数;测定蓝莓对DPPH自由基（DPPH.）和羟自由基（OH.）的清除率,并分析3种活性成分与蓝莓抗氧化活性的相关性.结果表明,在不同的贮藏温度下,蓝莓果实中花青素、总酚和总黄酮的质量分数及抗氧化活性均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在贮藏初期,较高的贮藏温度能明显促进蓝莓果实活性成分含量和抗氧化活性的增加,但在贮藏后期,较高的温度加速了蓝莓果实活性成分含量和抗氧化活性的下降速度,并缩短了蓝莓贮藏期;低温（0~5℃）能使蓝莓果实的活性成分含量和抗氧化活性始终维持在一个相对较高的水平,且能显著增加果实的贮藏期,是蓝莓较适宜的贮藏温度;蓝莓果实中花青素、总酚和总黄酮质量分数与其清除自由基的能力之间均呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）.     

魔芋韧性饼干的研制

通过正交实验获得魔芋韧性饼干的最佳制作工艺,即面粉100 g、魔芋精粉0.4g、油脂3g、白砂糖25 g、水30g、奶粉6g、食盐0.5 g、碳酸氢钠0.8 g、碳酸氢铵0.2 g,经调粉、静置、辊轧、成型等工艺,在温度(上火/下火)220℃/220℃下烘烤6 min得成品.产品色泽均匀,呈棕黄色,口感松软,具有魔芋的清香味.     

不同颜色糙米多酚提取工艺优化及其酚类物质分析

通过响应面法对糙米多酚的超声酶解提取工艺进行优化,并采用HPLC(高效液相色谱法)测定10种酚酸化合物的含量,比较5种糙米的总酚含量和酚酸组成的差异性。结果显示,其最佳工艺为:料液比1∶30(g/mL)、酶添加量5.5%、超声时间12 min、超声功率340 W和超声温度55℃。测得5种糙米的总酚含量分别为黑色5.318 mg/g,紫色3.892 mg/g,红色3.874 mg/g,黄色3.425 mg/g,绿色3.136 mg/g。HPLC法分析表明5种糙米中的酚酸组成以没食子酸为主,儿茶素含量次之,对羟基苯甲酸、绿原酸、香草酸和阿魏酸等含量较少。     

低温贮藏对甜玉米采后生理品质的影响

甜玉米是一种营养丰富,利用率高,适口性好,而且经济效益很高的新型玉米,是一种兼具休闲型与保健型的现代谷物食品。为了提高甜玉米的贮藏期品质,研究了低温处理(4±2)℃甜玉米采后生理及品质的影响,旨在找到一个延长甜玉米贮藏期的有效技术和方法。每3d取一次样品,分别对甜玉米的呼吸强度、可溶性糖含量、含水率、失重率以及淀粉含量进行分析和测定。实验结果表明:与对照组相比,采用低温处理可显著抑制贮藏期间甜玉米的呼吸强度,延缓了可溶性糖含量的下降,保持了甜玉米的含水率,延缓了甜玉米失重率的升高,抑制了甜玉米中淀粉含量的积累,表明低温处理能够有效地提高甜玉米的贮藏期品质和商业价值,可更大限度地延长甜玉米的贮藏时间。     

辐照及贮藏条件对食品Vc含量影响的研究

60Coγ射线辐照能加速食品Vc的破坏,降低Vc的含量;贮藏温度越高,辐照对食品的Vc含量影响越大;贮藏时间越长,辐照对食品的Vc含量影响也越大;有些食品在辐照当天表现不出来对Vc含量的影响,但在贮藏过程中受到贮藏温度和贮藏时间的影响,最终都表现出来了辐照对食品Vc含量的影响效应.     

冷藏温度对真空包装杏鲍菇品质的影响

探讨不同的冷藏温度对杏鲍菇真空贮藏品质变化的影响.实验结果表明:2℃贮藏可以降低杏鲍菇呼吸强度、推迟呼吸高峰的出现,抑制总酚含量的快速升高,而保持较高的可溶性蛋白质含量,降低杏鲍菇褐变速度,可达到贮藏保鲜的效果;杏鲍菇在2℃下真空包装贮藏20d,仍具有一定的商品价值,其呼吸高峰不明显,其白度(L^*)值为78.21,黄度(YI)值为20.65,总酚含量为21.52mg/g,可溶性蛋白质含量为6.35mg/g.     

中华管鞭虾调理食品动力学预测产品货架期

为预测中华管鞭虾高水分调理食品的货架期,测定25℃、30℃、35℃温度条件贮藏的海捕红虾高水分调理食品的菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮、过氧化值3个指标,通过指标的变化分别建立一级化学动力学模型,以此预测中华管鞭虾高水分调理食品的货架期。通过计算得,菌落总数预测模型中的活化能Ea为34.4 kJ·mol~(-1),指前因子k0为8.372×10~3;挥发性盐基氮预测模型中的活化能Ea为27.39 kJ·mol~(-1),指前因子k0为259.6;过氧化值预测模型中的活化能Ea为51.46 kJ·mol~(-1),指前因子k0为9.15×10~6。在32℃和37℃条件下验证动力学模型,结果表明相对误差分别为-6.34%和-6.03%,表明精确度较高。通过验证得出的货架期预测模型计算得出,在17℃和22℃常温下贮藏中华管鞭高水分虾调理食品,产品的货架期为221 d和188 d。该研究结果为进一步研究水产品货架期提供了一定的理论基础,具有一定的指导意义。     

紫薯饼干配方的研究

为研制一种紫薯饼干的配方,以紫薯全粉和小麦粉为原料,以感官评分为主要指标,通过干粉混合,乳化,调制面团,压片,烘烤等方法,运用单因素及正交实验进行考察,确定紫薯饼干的最佳工艺配方,紫薯全粉添加量10%,绵白糖的添加量25%,水的添加量25%,植物油的添加量10%,蛋黄的添加量20%,黄油的添加量4%,奶粉的添加量5%.面坯厚度为3 mm,上火温度为220℃,下火温度200℃,焙烤时间12 min,此条件下可制作口感风味均良好的紫薯饼干.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.