液相前驱体转化法制备ZrC及其表征

采用前驱体转化法,在1 600℃下碳热还原反应热解含锆前驱体,制备碳化锆(ZrC)粉末,研究其裂解工艺,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(ESM)及场发射投射电子显微镜(TEM),对ZrC粉末的相组成及显微结构进行表征和分析。结果表明,经1 600℃热处理后获得面心立方的ZrC粉末为颗粒状球形,粒径≤100 nm,粒径及分布状况均较均匀。     

高压合成球形碳酸钴粉以及超细球形钴粉制备研究

在高压釜中制备出球形CoCO_3粉末,以此为前驱体氢还原得到超细球形Co粉。研究了压力、溶剂体系和表面活性剂对CoCO_3物相、形貌及粒径的影响。结果表明:升高反应压力有助于提升CoCO_3的纯度和结晶度;随着溶剂体系中乙二醇比例的升高,CoCO_3颗粒的形貌由立方体转变为规则的球状;随着溶剂中PVP含量的升高,CoCO_3颗粒粒径变细,分散性变好。球形CoCO_3经480℃氢还原2 h后,得到平均粒径0. 74μm分散性良好的球形Co粉。     

硫铁矿烧渣水热法合成形貌可控的氧化铁

以硫铁矿烧渣硫酸浸出液与氨水反应制备的Fe(OH)3胶体为前驱体,采用水热法合成不同形貌的氧化铁粒子。在中性介质中考察反应温度、物质的量比(n(Fe2+)/n(Fe3+))、水热体系总Fe浓度及晶种量对水热法氧化铁物相、形貌和粒径的影响。采用X线衍射仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜及选择区域电子衍射对水热产物物相和形貌进行研究。研究结果表明:反应温度为230℃,n(Fe2+)/n(Fe3+)为0.1以及水热体系总Fe浓度为1.25 mol/L和晶种量为2 g时,水热产物为片状α-Fe2O3粒子;控制上述其他条件不变,当温度在140～260℃时,随着温度的升高,水热法产物由α-FeOOH相向α-Fe2O3相转变,α-Fe2O3粒子形貌由球形向小圆饼状和片状依次转变;当n(Fe2+)/n(Fe3+)在0～0.12时,随着n(Fe2+)/n(Fe3+)的增加,水热产物由α-Fe2O3相向α-Fe2O3和Fe3O4相转变,α-Fe2O3粒子形貌由球形逐渐向片状转变,其粒径由小变大;当水热体系中总Fe浓度为0.625 mol/L和1.875 mol/L时,水热法氧化铁分别为不均一形貌和球形;当没有加入晶种及晶种量为6 g时,水热...     

V2O5薄膜的超声喷雾制备及其性能研究

采用超声喷雾法在玻璃衬底上制备了V2O5薄膜，研究了超声沉积参数对V2O5薄膜微结构以及薄膜晶化生长过程的影响．利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分光光度计和电阻测量等手段对薄膜的晶相结构表面形貌和性能进行了分析．XRD结果表明：V2O5薄膜为斜方晶系结构，当衬底温度（Ts）小于215℃时，沉积的薄膜为非晶态；当Ts≥215℃时，V2O5薄膜开始形成微晶结构，而且随着衬底温度上升，薄膜的择优取向由（001）方向向（110）方向发生了转变．SEM图谱显示了V2O5薄膜的沉积生长过程．当V2O5薄膜温度从室温升高至380℃时，薄膜电阻变化了将近2个数量级；该方法制备的V2O5薄膜光学能隙Eg=2．25eV．     

低温固相反应法制备NiFe_2O_4纳米粉及机理研究

采用机械研磨方法制备前驱体,再将前驱体进行煅烧得到NiFe2O4纳米粉.重点研究了煅烧温度对粉体物相和形貌的影响以及固相反应过程与机理.结果表明:煅烧过程中晶粒长大活化能为12.08 k J·mol-1,主要以界面扩散为主;煅烧温度为700℃时粉体团聚严重,颗粒之间存在片状非晶态化合物,结晶度低;750℃煅烧1 h得到的NiFe2O4纳米粉物相单一,粒径分布在35~85 nm之间,温度过高时晶粒明显长大;机械研磨洗涤后前驱体主要由Fe2O3,NiO和NiFe2O4组成,反应产物结晶度低,反应不完全;盐颗粒的存在能抑制晶粒生长,减小产物粒径.     

H_2-CO-CO_2气氛中添加V_2O_3二步法制备碳化铁的动力学分析

在853～973 K以及H2-CO-CO2气氛中,研究了添加质量分数为1%的V2O3对二步法制备碳化铁的影响.结果表明,添加V2O3对还原转化速率影响不大,对碳化转化速率有明显的促进作用,并且随着温度的升高,添加V2O3对碳化反应终点转化率的影响越来越显著.应用有固体产物层的未反应核模型分析反应的动力学过程,结果表明,还原和碳化反应过程都由界面化学反应控制,添加V2O3对界面化学反应有促进作用.     

Fe-Cr-W复合氧化物粉末共还原工艺研究

通过H2-CO共还原法对Fe-18Cr-9W复合氧化物粉末进行还原,控制还原工艺的参数制得纳米级Fe-18Cr-9W复合粉末.采用XRD对粉末进行物相分析,并计算晶粒尺寸;采用高倍SEM观察粉末形貌;对复合粉末的费氏粒度、比表面面积、氧含量等进行测定与分析,研究还原温度和还原时间对粉末性能的影响.研究结果表明:当还原温度高于650℃时制得的复合粉末由Fe和Fe-(Cr,W)两相组成;粉末颗粒呈球形或近球形;还原温度和还原时间都对Fe-18Cr-9W复合粉末的性能有显著影响,当还原温度为700℃,还原时间为90 min时,制备的颗粒为平均费氏粒度低于0.58μm,平均BET粒度小于80 nm,晶粒粒径小于50 nm,粉末氧含量小于0.14%的纳米级Fe-18Cr-9W复合粉末.     

W-Ni-Fe复合氧化物粉末的还原工艺

利用两阶段还原法对W-Ni-Fe复合氧化物粉末进行还原,控制还原工艺的参数制得纳米级W-Ni-Fe复合粉末.采用XRD对粉末进行物相分析,并计算晶粒尺寸;采用高倍SEM观察粉末形貌;对复合粉末的费氏粒度、比表面面积、氧含量等进行测定与分析,研究还原温度和还原时间对粉末性能的影响.研究结果表明:当还原温度高于600℃时制得的复合粉末由W和(Ni,Fe)两相组成;粉末颗粒呈球形或近球形;还原温度和还原时间都对W-Ni-Fe复合粉末的性能有显著影响,当还原温度为700℃,还原时间为90 min时,制备的颗粒为平均费氏粒度低于0.65μm,平均BET粒度小于100nm,晶粒粒径小于30 nm,粉末氧含量小于0.23%的纳米级W-Ni-Fe复合粉末.     

关于退火温度对VO_2薄膜制备及其电学性质影响的研究

采用真空蒸发-真空退火工艺由V2O5粉末制备VO2薄膜,研究了退火温度对薄膜的影响.经XRD,XPS及电阻-温度测试发现,随退火温度的升高,VO2薄膜先后经历了单斜晶系VO2(B)型→单斜晶系VO2(A)型→四方晶系VO2的变化,在3种类型的薄膜中V均以V4+为主,且在VO2(A)型薄膜中V4+含量最高.薄膜电阻以退火温度460℃时为分界线,低于460℃时,VO2(B)型薄膜电阻和电阻温度系数随退火温度的升高而增大;高于460℃时,四方晶系VO2薄膜的电阻及其电阻温度系数随退火温度的升高呈现相反的趋势.     

攀枝花钛精矿真空碳热固相还原

运用FactSage、XRD和BSE-EDS分析手段研究了在1 000～1 400℃下真空碳热还原钛精矿的物相变化及还原历程。结果表明:还原温度能促进还原反应进行和金属铁的形核长大。当温度为1 200～1 300℃时反应最为剧烈;在1 350℃时有硅进入铁相,初期有少量的Fe_2TiO_4→FeTiO_3,钛精矿的还原历程主要为:FeTiO_3→FeTi_2O_5→Ti_3O_5→Ti_2O_3。铁氧化物被还原为金属铁,并形核集聚长大,钛氧化物则由高价态向低价态转变,还原最终主要物相为Ti_2O_3和金属铁。还原过程中会形成(Fe,Mg)TiO_3及M_3O_5型固溶体,遏制铁的还原效果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to