便携式光谱仪对樱桃糖度检测的研究

利用600~1 100 nm波段的便携式可见-近红外光谱仪,以烟台大樱桃为研究对象,进行了樱桃糖度可见-近红外光谱的特征提取的实验研究.利用小波滤波对樱桃可见-近红外光谱进行预处理,运用偏最小二乘回归法建立了樱桃糖度的定量分析模型,并对模型进行了验证.实验结果显示:樱桃中糖度的可见-近红外光谱校正样本集的相关系数(R)为0.939 6,校正均方根误差为0.138 2;预测样本集的相关系数(R)为0.907 4,预测均方根误差为0.149 2.结果表明:利用便携式可见-近红外光谱技术在600~1 100 nm范围内检测樱桃糖度是可行、可靠的,为樱桃内部品质的野外在线检测提供了理论依据.     

不同预处理方法对PLS模型检测鲜长枣糖度的影响

为寻找适合近红外光谱无损检测鲜长枣糖度含量的最佳光谱预处理方法,进行鲜长枣样品近红外光谱数据的预处理方法比较研究.探讨了15种光谱预处理方法对偏最小二乘法建模精度的影响.结果表明,小波变换和多元散射校正相结合是近红外光谱偏最小二乘模型无损检测鲜长枣糖度的有效预处理方法,其相关系数和内部交叉验证均方差分别为0.741 1...     

近红外光谱结合蚁群算法检测花茶花青素含量

花青素是花茶中的主要质量指标,为了快速准确的检测花茶中花青素的含量,提出一种基于蚁群算法(ACO)结合区间偏最小二乘法(iPLS)的近红外光谱检测方法.原始近红外光谱经过预处理采用ACO-iPLS优选花青素含量对应的特征子区间.当全光谱划分为12个子区间时,ACO-iPLS优选出第1,9,10共3个子区间,在此基础上建立的近红外光谱模型最佳.模型对校正集和预测集相关系数分别为0.901 3和0.864 2;交互验证均方根误差(RMSECV)和预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.160 0 mg·g-1和0.202 0 mg·g-1.研究结果表明:与常规的iPLS相比,ACO-iPLS不但可以有效选择近红外光谱特征谱区,而且建立的模型具有更高的精度和鲁棒性.     

MW-PLS法对雷尼替丁粉末药品的定量分析

结合可移动窗口偏最小二乘法（MW PLS）, 利用近红外漫反射光谱建立雷尼替丁粉末药品质量分数无损快速检测方法. 对模型进行优化时选择一阶导数、 二阶导数、 卷积平滑和快速Fourier变换预处理方法, 并优化隐变量数等模型参数. 以逼近度Da作为建模参数的优化评价标准, 最终得到测定雷尼替丁粉末药品的最佳模
型. 用该模型进行预测, 其校正集和验证集的预测值和真实值间的相关系数（Rc）分别为0.984 5和0.977 5, 校正集的均方根误差（RMSEC）为0.003 1, 验证集均方根误差（RMSEP）为0.003 3. 与高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定结果比较, 其相对误差≤2.422%.     

偏最小二乘法-可见/近红外光谱测定南丰蜜桔糖度的研究

研究了南丰蜜桔糖度的快速测定方法,选择漫反射原始光谱采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立了南丰蜜桔糖度的校正模型,并对模型的预测性能进行了验证.在糖度预测模型中,预测集的相关系数为0.9133,预测均方根误差为0.5577,平均预测偏差为-0.0656.结果表明:可见/近红外漫反射光谱结合PLS方法对南丰蜜桔糖度的快速测定是有效的.     

基于近红外光谱无损快速检测面粉品质的研究

提出一种基于近红外光谱技术结合偏最小二乘法对面粉品质进行无损快速检测的方法.配制含滑石粉的面粉样品30个,采集样品在12 500~4 000 cm-1范围内的近红外漫反射光谱,选择最优的光谱预处理方法和光谱范围,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立定量分析模型.结果表明所建定量分析模型的相关性能比较高,预测相关系数和预测均方根误差均符合要求.研究发现,近红外光谱技术用于快速无损检测面粉掺假是可行的.     

利用净分析物预处理法简化苹果糖度预测模型

为了简化苹果糖度预测模型,利用净分析物预处理法(NAP)对苹果近红外光谱进行了预处理,并重建了糖度的偏最小二乘(PLS)预测模型．结果表明,随着预处理过程中所用NAP因子的逐个增加,糖度PLS模型的最佳因子数逐渐减少,甚至可减少至1．研究中,当采用5个NAP因子时,PLS糖度模型可以达到最佳性能,此时模型的最佳因子数为7,校正时的相关系数r^2和标准偏差SEC分别为0．92773和0．40658,用于预测时的相关系数r^2和标准偏差SEP分别为0．90426和0．44221．与NAP法预处理前的PLS模型相比,其精度虽没有大幅提高,但模型显得更加简洁．     

基于近红外技术快速检测青金桔果粉中β-胡萝卜素含量

以青金桔原粉为研究对象,采集不同时间热处理的青金桔果粉近红外光谱(900～1700nm)信息,经不同预处理,运用偏最小二乘回归(partial least square regression,PLS)法建立β-胡萝卜素含量的预测模型,实现靑金桔果粉中β-胡萝卜素含量的快速无损检测。试验结果显示,经标准正态变换(standard normal variate,SNV)预处理在1300～1700 nm范围内光谱信息构建的PLS模型,预测效果较好,模型均方根误差(RMSEC)、交叉验证均方根误差(RMSECV)、预测均方根误差(RM-SEP)分别为0.08、0.14和0.05,校正集决定系数(R2c)、交叉验证集决定系数(R2cv)和预测集决定系数(R2p)分别为0.95、0.87和0.95。由此表明,利用近红外光谱技术可潜在实现对青金桔果粉中β-桔胡萝卜素含量的快速检测。     

基于近红外与拉曼光谱的甲醇汽油定量分析

利用近红外和拉曼光谱法定量分析了甲醇汽油中甲醇的含量,采用偏最小二乘法(partial least squares,PLS)建立甲醇的定量模型.近红外光谱法测定甲醇定量模型的预测集相关系数RP为0.998,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.289%;拉曼光谱法测定甲醇定量模型的预测集相关系数RP为0.982,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为1.141%.实验表明,近红外与拉曼光谱技术均可用于甲醇汽油中甲醇含量的快速检测.     

近红外光谱结合偏最小二乘法测定福多斯坦成分含量

采用近红外漫反射光谱分析技术和偏最小二乘法对福多斯坦药物的有效成分进行定量分析测定,采集48个不同比例的福多斯坦样品近红外漫反射光谱,用一阶导数的光谱预处理方法,结合偏最小二乘法建立福多斯坦的定量分析模型.结果显示:交互验证均方根误差为0.003 57,相关系数R为0.994 77,预测均方根误差为0.003 89,平均回收率为99.63%(n=8),结果表明,用近红外光谱分析技术联合偏最小二乘法对福多斯坦进行定量分析结果准确可靠,方法简便快速.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-