模和环的smal-内射性的一些研究

研究了small-内射模和small-内射环的性质,证明了若R是约化的左small-内射环,记S=eRe,e~2=e∈R,则S是约化的左JP-内射环.用单奇异左(右)R-模的small-内射性刻画了半本原环,证明了R是半本原环当且仅当任意单奇异左(右)R-模是small-内射的.得到了在R是半局部环的条件下,以下叙述等价:(1)R是半单环;(2)R是正则环;(3)任意单奇异左(右)R-模是small-内射的;(4)R是半本原环.通过对环的极大左(右)零化子的研究,分别得出了若0≠a∈R,l(a)是R的极大左零化子,则l(a)=l(a~2);若0≠a∈R,r(a)是极大右零化子,则对任意0≠at∈R,有l(a)=l(at),并证得了若R是左small-内射环,且对0≠a∈J,l(a)(r(a))是R的极大左(右)零化子,则a是非零幂零元.     

QMUP-内射环

引入左QMUP-内射(模)环的概念并研究其相关性质,得到如下结果:1)R为左泛极小内射环当且仅当每个单左R-模是QMUP-内射模;2)设R是左QMUP-内射环,则J(R)Zl(R)且R/Zl(R)是π-正则环;3)左QMUP-内射环是左极小内射环;4)设R为一个环,包含一个内射的极大左理想,则R是左自内射环当且仅当R是左QMUP-内射环.     

FI-gr-内射模

本文引入了FI-gr-内射模及强FI-gr-内射模的概念,并说明它们与分次内射模之间的相互关系。证明了分次环R是分次QF环当且仅当每个分次模是强FI-gr-内射模;设R为左分次凝聚环,则l.FP-gr-dim(R)≤1当且仅当每个FI-gr-内射模是分次内射模。此外,还证明了l.gr-fiD(R)=sup{gr-pd(L)|L为FP-gr-内射模}。     

交换环上的U-内射模

设R是交换环,U表示R的极大w-理想生成的理想乘法系.引入U-无挠模和U-内射模的概念,举例说明U-内射模未必是内射模,证明U-无挠的R-模M是U-内射模当且仅当对任何正合列0→M→F→C→0,若F是U-内射模,则C是U-无挠模.证明若R是唯一分解整环,则肘是U-内射模当且仅当M是F_w(R)-内射模.也证明了若R是Krull整环,M是w-模,则M是内射模当且仅当M是U-内射模.     

整环上的u-算子及其同调特征

通过U-内射模定义了UP整环以及UP整环上的u-算子和u-模,证明了UP整环上,M是U-挠模当且仅当对任何正合列0→A→B→M→0,其中B是U-内射模,有A_u=B;也证明了M是U-内射模当且仅当同态f可以扩张到A_u,当且仅当对任何U-挠模C,Ext_R~1(C,M)=0.其次,在UP整环上定义了u-正合列,证明了A→fB→gC是u-正合列当且仅当(im(f)+ker(g))/im(f)与(im(f)+ker(g))/ker(g)都是U-挠模.最后,在UP整环上证明了若A→fB→gC→0是u-正合列,N是u-模,则0→Hom_R(C,N)→Hom_R(B,N)→Hom_R(A,N)是正合列.     

关于fann-内射模

讨论了fann-内射模的等价刻画和基本性质,证明了○i∈ΛMi是fann-内射左R-模当且仅当每一Mi是fann-内射左R-模;若环R的每个有限生成闭左理想都是投射左R-模,则fann-内射左R-模的商模是fann-内射左R-模.同时讨论了一类特殊的fann-内射模--fann-自内射环的等价刻画及特性,证明了在左fann-自内射环里若左零化子理想l(I)是有限生成的,则δR/I是满射.最后讨论了fann-自内射环的零化子条件以及理想的自反性,证明了左fann-自内射环的有限生成理想l(I)是自反模.     

P-投射模的刻画

模M称为P-投射模,是指对任意R-模N的任意循环子模Rx,同态f:M→N/Rx能提升为同态g:M→N.给出了P-投射模的一些新刻划,证明了M是P-投射模当且仅当对任何有限生成模K有Ext1R(M,K)=0当且仅当对R的任何左理想I有Ext1R(M,R/I)=0.并利用P-投射性与f-内射性给出了半单环的新刻划,证明了R是半单环当且仅当每个模是P-投射模当且仅当每个模是f-内射模.最后为了进一步揭示P-投射模的子模的性质,引入了P-遗传环的概念,证明了R是P-遗传环当且仅当有限生成模的内射维数不超过1.     

非奇异环的同调刻画

引入ZP-平坦右模来刻画左非奇异环.设R是环,右R-模N称为ZP-平坦模,是指对任意a∈Z(RR),有TorR1(N,R/Ra)=0;左R-模M称为ZP-内射模,是指对任意a∈Z(RR),有Ext1R(R/Ra,M)=0.证明了关于ZP-平坦模的Lambek准则,即右R-模N是ZP-平坦模当且仅当其特征模N+是ZP-内射模.还证明了R是左非奇异环当且仅当任意右R-模是ZP-平坦模当且仅当内射左R-模的商模是ZP-内射模.     

关于ZP-内射维数及ZP-平坦维数

给出了ZP-内射维数以及ZP-平坦维数的定义,揭示了左ZP-内射维数l.zp.ID(R)=0及右ZP-平坦维数r.zp.FD(R)=0的环,即它们为非奇异环,并给出等价描述.讨论了环R的左ZP-内射维数l.zp.ID(R)≤n以及环R的右ZP-平坦维数r.zp.FD(R)≤n的等价刻画,证明了环R上的模类ZPI若满足单同态的上核封闭且l.zp.ID(R)< SymboleB@ ,则l.zp.ID(R)=r.zp.FD(R)=l.zp-id(_RR),并证明ZP-内射左R-模的商模是ZP-内射模当且仅当模类ZPI满足单同态的上核封闭且l.zp.ID(R)≤1.     

Von Neumann正则环(Ⅰ)

本文证明了如下主要结果: (1)环R是正则的当且仅当R的每个本质左理想均是左P—内射的; (2)约化环R是强正则的当且仅当R的每个极大本质左理想均是左P—内射的; (3)设R是左P—内射环,且R的每个闭左理想均由幂等元生成,那么R是正则的当且仅当对于R的任意本质左理想L,R/L是左P—内射模。 (4)环R是强正则的当且仅当Z(R)=0且R的任意主左理想是左理想的左零化子。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to