脉冲激光沉积类金刚石薄膜的厚度均匀性建模

在脉冲激光沉积类金刚石薄膜过程中,针对薄膜均匀性差的问题,提出偏轴沉积、脉冲激光扫描沉积、双光束沉积和多光束沉积等模式来改善薄膜的均匀性。初步建立了脉冲激光沉积类金刚石薄膜厚度均匀性模型,并分别进行了薄膜厚度分布的模拟,在模拟过程中,强调了在不影响薄膜性能的基础上改善薄膜均匀性,并讨论了沉积模式对薄膜颗粒物问题的影响。结果表明,采用多光束沉积薄膜,厚度均匀性得到极大改善,而且颗粒物问题也得到了改善。最后提出模型改良意见。     

溅射时间对脉冲激光沉积制备β-FeSi2薄膜的影响

本文基于脉冲激光沉积 (PLD)方法及热退火处理方式,利用输出波长为1064 nm的Nd:YAG脉冲激光器在P型Si (100) 衬底上生长了均匀的单相 β-FeSi₂薄膜。采用X 射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)分析技术,研究了β-FeSi₂薄膜的结构、组分、结晶质量和表面形貌。结果发现,在其他相同沉积条件下,随着溅射时间的增加,薄膜晶化程度、颗粒大小和形状、表面粗糙度都发生规律性变化,通过分析比较得出,在本实验条件下溅射时间为40 min制备的 β-FeSi₂薄膜结晶质量较好。     

射频等离子体功率参数对硅基发光薄膜生长与结构的影响

采用射频等离子体化学气相沉积(RF-PECVD)技术,以SiH4和Ar的混合气体为源气体,在石英玻璃衬底上制备了硅基发光薄膜.利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)对薄膜的形貌、结构和性能进行了表征,并利用发射光谱(OES)对薄膜等离子体生长过程进行了分析.研究结果表明,随着射频功率的增加,等离子体发射光谱中Hβ谱线强度激增,薄膜的红外光谱中Si—O键在1095cm-1处振动吸收峰强度减小,Si—Si键在613cm-1处特征吸收峰强度增加,说明射频功率增加加剧了硅烷的裂解与氧化硅的还原,提高了薄膜结晶度和纳米晶粒的融合度,并降低了沉积薄膜的表面粗糙度.     

NaF薄膜的结构与应力分析

采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)法在Si(100)衬底上生长了NaF薄膜．分别用原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对薄膜的微观结构、表面形貌以及薄膜应力进行了表征与分析．AFM测试结果表明,低激光能量密度下制备的薄膜表面均匀、致密,均方根粗糙度(Rms)仅为0．538 nm;XRD分析结果表明,用脉冲激光沉积方法制备的氟化钠薄膜在(222)晶面有明显的择优取向．应力分析薄膜的残余应力为压应力,应力大小随激光能量密度的增加而增加;XPS分析结果表明,热蒸发制备的NaF薄膜氧含量明显高于PLD方法制备的NaF薄膜的氧含量．热蒸发方法制备的薄膜中的氧含主要来源于水中的氧,PID方法制备的薄膜中的氧主要来源于游离态氧,说明PLD方法制备的薄膜不容易潮解．     

磁控溅射沉积镓掺杂氧化锌薄膜的微观结构性质研究(英文)

采用磁控溅射工艺在玻璃衬底上沉积镓掺杂氧化物透明导电薄膜样品,通过X-射线衍射仪的测试表征及其定量分析研究了薄膜样品的结晶性质和微观结构性能.结果表明,所沉积的样品均为六角纤锌矿型的多晶结构并具有(002)择优取向生长特性,其晶格常数、晶面间距和Zn-O键长等参数与标准值一致.当膜厚为570 nm时,薄膜样品的(002)织构系数和晶体尺寸最大、晶格应变和位错密度最小,具有最好的晶体质量和微观结构性能.     

电子密度对PCVD制备SnO_2导电薄膜的影响

利用双探针测得了管式射频等离子体反应器内电子密度的轴向和角向分布,并制得了SnO_2透明导电薄膜.实验表明,薄膜的沉积速率、电学性能及结晶形态受等离子体电子密度的影响较大.在电子密度高的地方,薄膜沉积速率快,薄膜电阻低,其薄膜的晶粒也均匀细微密集.     

沉积温度影响有机太阳能电池阳极薄膜结晶性能

采用射频磁控溅射工艺,以氧化锌铝（AZO）陶瓷靶作为靶材,通过优化工艺参数在玻璃基板上制备了具有c轴择优取向的AZO透明导电薄膜.基于X射线衍射（XRD）测试表征,研究了沉积温度对薄膜结晶性能的影响.实验结果表明：AZO薄膜的结晶性能与沉积温度密切相关,较低温度时,随着沉积温度的升高,薄膜的结晶性能得到提高,但是沉积温度进一步升高时却有所变差.当沉积温度为400℃时,AZO薄膜的结晶性能最佳,c轴取向良好,晶粒尺寸接近40 nm.     

等离子体增强化学气相沉积法制备类 金刚石薄膜研究综述

类金刚石薄膜由于其独特的物理化学特性,使得该薄膜在光学、电学、机械、医学、航空航天等领域得到了广泛应用。等离子体增强化学气相沉积(plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, PECVD)制备类金刚石是近几十年兴起的新的制备类金刚石薄膜的方法,因其对沉积温度要求低,对基底友好,同时还具有沉积速率快和无转移生长的优势,获得了越来越多的研究者关注。详细介绍了类金刚石薄膜优异的特性,阐述了在等离子化学气相沉积条件下,不同沉积条件对沉积类金刚石薄膜结构特性的影响。衬底的选择直接影响着沉积类金刚石薄膜的性能,不同的衬底直接决定着生成类金刚石结构中sp³相的数量和质量;沉积参数是最为常见的控制条件,对沉积薄膜的总体效果影响也是最大的,改变沉积参数,沉积薄膜的表面将会变得更加光滑致密;常用的掺杂元素是硅和氮,掺杂元素的引入往往是为了降低沉积薄膜的内应力,提高与衬底间的结合力,延长使用寿命等;由于很难直接在金属上沉积类金刚石薄膜,所以常通过制备复合层来改善沉积效果。最后对类金刚石薄膜的发展以及今后研究方向进行了展望。     

激光频率对用PLD法生长氧化锌薄膜特性的影响

用脉冲激光沉积法(PLD)在硅(100)衬底上制备了c轴取向的高质量的ZnO薄膜.分析了不同激光频率下薄膜的结晶状况,通过对薄膜的PL谱的测试,分析了不同激光频率下薄膜的发光特性状况,同时进行了薄膜结构的测试.结果显示:激光频率为3 Hz的样品结晶质量较高,具有很高的c轴择优取向,同时发光性能达到相对优化.     

MPCVD金刚石薄膜形貌与晶向

以甲烷、氢气做为气源,利用微波等离子气相沉积的方法在硅片上沉积金刚石薄膜。研究了不同浓度的甲烷对金刚石薄膜形貌和晶向的影响。结果表明:当甲烷浓度为2.44%时,金刚石薄膜晶粒尺寸小,晶形较差,晶面取向以(111)、(220)面为主;甲烷浓度为0.50%时,金刚石薄膜晶粒尺寸较大,晶粒棱角分明,晶面取向以(111)面为主。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-