NO分子的生物化学及其作用

在过去的几年里,NO分子是被广泛研究和最引人注目的无机小分子,1992年被评为“世界分子”．1998年,三位美国科学家因发现它的生理作用而荣获诺贝尔医学奖．NO作为“生物信息传递者”在人和其它动物的许多生理过程中起着非常重要的作用,其功能包括神经传导、血液凝固、血压控制及免疫系统中的作用等方面．     

B7-TNFR嵌合分子的构建及其在真核细胞中的表达

Ｂ７－ＣＤ２８／ＣＴＬＡ－４共刺激旁路在免疫应答中的Ｔ细胞激活中有重要功能，Ｂ７分子的肿瘤基因疗法是目前肿瘤基因治疗的热点和方向。ＴＮＦα能通过ＴＮＦＲ诱导细胞凋亡，直接杀伤肿瘤细胞。构建了由共刺激分子Ｂ７－１的细胞外区与ＴＮＦＲ Ｉ的越膜区和细胞内区组成的嵌合分子Ｂ７－ＴＮＦＲ，并在细胞表面得到了表达。这种分子可能从２个方面达到肿瘤治疗的目的；（１）增强肿瘤细胞激活机体免疫系统的能力；（２）诱导     

分子碎片共轭帽基团法研究蛋白质相互作用能

分子碎片共轭帽基团法（MFCC）是近年来发展的一种线性标度方法，在此基础上可以使用全体系量子力学方法来研究蛋白质体系的各种性质．本文采用该方法对蛋白质与小分子之间的相互作用能进行了研究．     

环糊精与三种药物包合过程的量子化学研究

采用密度泛函理论和半经验方法对幽门螺旋杆菌根除剂、乃富利、2-羟基-5-甲氧基苯乙酮三种药物分子与β-环糊精进行包合的整个过程进行量子化学研究。其结果表明，幽门螺旋杆菌根除剂分子与β-环糊精形成的小口端模型（从窄端进入）比大口端模型（从阔端进入）更为稳定，乃富利分子与β-环糊精形成的大口端模型（从阔端进入）比小口端模型（从窄端进入）更为稳定，而2-羟基-5-甲氧基苯乙酮与β-环糊精的形成的大口端模型（从阔端进入）要比小口端模型（从窄端进入）所形成的包合物更为稳定。包合过程的计算结果与其所对应的实验结论一致。     

生理药物动力学的研究进展

概述了药物动力学研究的内容及理论模型方法，说明了药物动力学研究的理论意义和实践意义，特别讨论了生理药物动力学模型（简称生理模型）的主要特征和优点，并探讨了生理药物动力学模型的今后发展方向及存在的问题，说明了生理药物动力学研究所具有十分重要的理论意义和实践意义。     

生化与细胞所为治疗银屑病找到新出路

3月3日，《美国国家科学院院刊》在线发表了中科院上海生科院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所丁建平课题组与第二军医大学郭亚军课题组的合作研究成果，该研究揭示了单克隆抗体药物Efalizumab（商品名Raptiva，Genentech／Xoma）治疗银屑病（牛皮癣）的分子基础。     

纳米技术在抗肿瘤药物靶向递释系统中的应用研究进展

 纳米载药技术已经在抗肿瘤药物递送领域受到广泛关注。纳米技术可以显著增加难溶性药物的生物利用度,改善药物释放与摄取行为,提高药物对肿瘤组织的靶向性,增加药物在肿瘤组织的分布与蓄积,降低药物对正常组织和细胞毒副作用,实现减毒增效。尽管如此,如何有效克服肿瘤生理屏障,进一步提高化疗药物的肿瘤特异性,实现肿瘤组织深度渗透和肿瘤细胞内可控释药仍然是开发抗肿瘤纳米药物亟需解决的重大挑战。从被动靶向、物理靶向、主动靶向和仿生靶向4个方面概述了纳米载药系统抗肿瘤药物在克服肿瘤屏障实现肿瘤靶向药物递送方面的研究进展。     

(1,3)-丁二烯环氧化反应理论研究

采用B3LYP密度泛函方法和DAM模型对（1，3）-丁二烯环氧化机理进行了研究。通过对分子态吸附氧环氧化（1，3）-丁二烯环氧化的理论计算，得到了该反应路径上的吸附态、中间产物、过渡态以及最终产物的能量、几何构型等，确定该反应分两步进行，反应能垒比较低，从理论上解释了银催化（1，3）-丁二烯环氧化较高选择性的原因。     

基于锌（II）-二甲基吡啶胺的靶向探针成像研究

锌（II）-二甲基吡啶胺（ZnDPA）作为小分子靶向基团,靶向凋亡或死亡细胞中的阴离子磷脂质膜——磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）.文章总结了ZnDPA与其他分子成像探针结合的体内成像,如荧光成像、磁共振成像（MRI）、光声成像（PAI）、正电子发射型计算机断层显像（PET）,并且结合药物分子成为诊疗一体化探针,在炎症、细菌感染、癌症等方面都有着广泛的应用.最后讨论并展望了ZnDPA小分子探针未来的发展趋势.     

海藻酸钠对甲基纤维素温敏水凝胶特性的影响

为改善“甲基纤维素聚乙二醇柠檬酸钠”三组分反向温敏凝胶体系的特性,向其中添加了海藻酸钠。通过粘度跟踪法考察了新体系在体温下的凝固特性,分析了凝胶配方、pH值对于凝固过程、凝胶强度的影响;研究了海藻酸钠的加入对小分子药物体外释放特性的影响。结果表明,海藻酸钠的加入提高了胶凝速度、凝胶强度及凝胶稳定性;体系在生理pH附近具有较快的胶凝速度和较好的凝胶强度;新体系对于小分子药物,尤其是亲水性强的小分子药物具有更好的控缓释特性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to