复肝灵抗鸭体内乙型肝炎病毒的实验研究

目的：观察复肝灵抗鸭乙型肝炎病毒（DHBV）的作用,为复肝灵的临床应用提供实验依据。方法：采用一日龄北京鸭30只,静脉注射雏鸭乙型肝炎病毒阳性血清建立鸭乙型肝炎病毒模型,然后随机分为复肝灵组、病毒对照组和拉米夫定组。复肝灵组分为0．5、1．0、2．0g／kg三个剂量组。给鸭口服复肝灵,1天2次,给药10天。然后分别在给药前、给药后5天、10天及停药3天后取血,测定鸭血清中DHBV—DNA水平并计算每组鸭用药后不同时间（T5、T10）和停药第3天（P3）血清DHBV-DNA的抑制率（％）,观察鸭血清鸭乙型肝炎病毒DNA（DHBV—DNA）的影响。病毒对照组以生理盐水代替药物;拉米夫定组给予口服拉米夫定。结果：复肝灵2．0g／kg组,给药后第5天,第10天鸭血清DHBV—DNA显著下降（P〈0．01）,停药后3天鸭血清DHBV—DNA下降明显（P〈0．05）,鸭血清DHBV—DNA水平抑制率则有显著升高;1．0g／kg组,给药后第10天和停药后3天鸭血清DHBV—DNA明显下降,鸭血清DHBV—DNA水平抑制率则有显著升高,与对照组差异显著（P〈0．01）,与拉米夫定组则无明显区别：0．5g／kg组则无明显变化。结论：大剂量组、中等剂量的复肝灵组在鸭体内有抗鸭乙型肝炎病毒作用。     

1 型鸭肝炎病毒强毒株在雏鸭体内分布情况研究

摘要: 目的 利用建立的 Taq 荧光定量 ＲT-PCＲ 检测方法研究鸭肝炎病毒( DHV-1) 强毒株在感染雏鸭体内早期的动态分布规律。方法 本研究采用鸭肝炎病毒强毒株人工感染 3 日龄雏鸭,利用已建立的 Taq 荧光定量 ＲT-PCＲ方法,对接种 24 h 内 DHV-1 强毒株感染雏鸭的组织脏器进行了定量检测。结果 接种后 4 h 即可在雏鸭心、肝、脑、肺、胰腺、回肠、盲肠、直肠、法氏囊和脾脏组织中检测到一定水平的病毒 ＲNA,随着病程发展,ＲNA 拷贝数持续升高,接种 24 h 后,肝脏中的病毒 ＲNA 拷贝数为最高,达到 108. 81 copies/g,心、肺、肾、脾次之,约 107copies /g。结论DHV-1 强毒在雏鸭的早期感染雏鸭的实质器官、免疫器官和消化系统等均具有广泛的嗜性。     

水飞蓟素对雏鸭人工感染鸭肝炎病毒疗效的观察

目的为了探索水飞蓟素对鸭病毒性肝炎的治疗效果。方法100只雏鸭分为5组,于11日龄接种鸭肝炎病毒。第1、2、3组腿肌接种5×104倍稀释的病毒尿囊液,并分别每天口服0、30、10 mg·kg^-1的水飞蓟素;第4组仅每天口服10 mg·kg^-1的水飞蓟素;第5组为空白对照组。试验期内正常喂食及饮水,于攻毒后的第5天足背静脉采血,分离血浆,比色法测定血浆谷-草转氨酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）活性水平。结果雏鸭人工感染病毒后,在96 h内死亡严重,适当剂量的水飞蓟素具有良好的保护作用。雏鸭感染病毒后血浆GOT活性增强、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）活性下降,口服水飞蓟素可明显改善这些效应。结论适当剂量的水飞蓟素可有效防止人工感染型鸭肝炎病毒导致的死亡,其机制可能与水飞蓟素的护肝作用和免疫调节作用有关。     

雏鸭混合感染基因A型和基因C型鸭甲肝病毒研究

研究了2013年四川地区某鸭场暴发的基因A型鸭甲肝病毒(DHAV-A)和基因C型鸭甲肝病毒(DHAV-C)的混合感染病例.疾病发生于20~25日龄雏鸭,发病率25%~30%,死亡率为20%~30%,临死前出现明显的神经症状,病死雏鸭肝脏肿大,出血.利用双重RT-PCR从病死雏鸭的肝脏组织中同时检测出DHAV-A和DHAV-C.这是四川省养鸭密集区第一次发现雏鸭混合感染DHAV-A和DHAV-C的情况.此外,对2009~2012年四川省各养鸭密集区鸭甲肝炎流行情况做了调查.一共从四川省养鸭密集区采集312份疑似鸭肝炎样本中检测出120份鸭甲型肝病毒性肝炎.其中基因C型鸭肝炎阳性率为75%,基因A型鸭肝炎仅为25%,未发现基因A型和基因C型混合感染情况.结果说明2009~2012年我省鸭病毒性肝炎以基因C型鸭甲肝病毒为优势病原.2013年,开始出现DHAV-A和DHAV-C混合感染病例.因此如何采取有效措施应对其危害,这应该引起养鸭界及相关部门的高度重视.     

Gln 对鸭瘟感染鸭十二指肠免疫调节相关基因表达量的影响

摘要: 目的 为谷氨酰胺( Glutamine,Gln) 在正常鸭及鸭瘟( Duck plague,DP) 模型中对肠道功能及作用途径的研究提供依据。方法 280 只无特定病原体( Specific pathogen free,SPF) 7 日龄雏鸭随机分为 8 组,四组梯度剂量每天灌喂 Gln( 0、0. 5、1、2 g / kg 饲 料) 6d,及另四组灌喂同等梯度剂量 Gln 6 d,于 第 一 天 灌 喂 30 min 后 攻 0. 2 mL2000TCID50 鸭瘟病毒,观察 Gln 对正常雏鸭的免疫促进作用及攻毒鸭免疫应激的缓解作用。测定 Toll 样受体 4( Toll-like receptor 4,TLＲ4) 通路基因表达量。结果 Gln 显著提高正常组 TLＲ4 通路 mＲNA 表达量( P ＜ 0. 05) ,显著降低攻毒组表达量( P ＜ 0. 05) 。结论 Gln 通过 TLＲ4 通路提高正常雏鸭肠道的免疫力,降低鸭瘟病毒( Duck plague virus,DPV) 造成的肠道免疫损伤。     

鸭病毒性肝炎的诊断与治疗研究进展

鸭病毒性肝炎是雏鸭的一种高致死、高度传播的病毒性疾病,并常和其他病毒、细菌混合感染,雏鸭一旦感染,可在鸭群中迅速传播,且病死率高,使养殖户遭受严重的经济损失.文章简要概述了鸭病毒性肝炎综合诊断方法,包括流行病学,病原检测和治疗的研究情况.     

高免蛋黄抗体中和雏鸭肝炎病毒(DHV)的效价测定

用鸭胚测定半数致死量并进行中和试验，测定了用雏鸭肝炎病毒(Ⅰ型)免疫蛋鸭收获的鸭蛋所制成的蛋黄抗体的滴度．结果表明，雏鸭肝炎病毒(Ⅰ型)的半数致死量为3．50，该毒株的高免蛋黄抗体以1：532稀释可保护50％的鸭胚免于死亡；病毒对照组全部死亡；空白对照组全部存活．该雏鸭病毒性肝炎高免蛋黄抗体滴度较高，可用于预防和治疗雏鸭病毒性肝炎。     

鸭疫里氏杆菌疫苗在雏鸭体内诱导细胞免疫的动态研究

本试验选用1日龄仙湖鸭48只,随机均分为6组,其中1～5组为试验组,第6组为对照组.各试验组按不同的免疫次数、首免龄期、接种剂量,用鸭疫里氏杆菌油乳剂灭活疫苗分别作免疫接种,对照组不作接种.各试验组（包括对照组）在免疫前及免疫后每周采血一次,涂片,用酸性α-醋酸荼酯酶（ANAE）反应方法进行染色,用油镜检测计算T、B淋巴细胞百分比值.研究结果表明：无论是2日龄、7日龄或14日龄首免,首次免疫1周后,雏鸭体内都能产生相应的免疫应答,但2日龄免疫应答能力弱,7日龄较强,14日龄最强.两次免疫的细胞免疫效果比一次免疫效果明显.     

拉米夫定与原儿茶酸药物组合体内抗鸭乙肝病毒研究

实验动物为感染过鸭乙型肝炎病毒(DHBV)的雏鸭,抗病毒阳性对照药为阿昔洛韦(100.0 mg/kg),保肝护肝阳性对照药为门冬氨酸鸟氨酸(简称门鸟,5.0 g/kg),研究在不同的给药剂量及不同的给药时间的条件下,原儿茶酸(PA)与拉米夫定(3TC)药物组合(1∶1,质量分数)在体内的抗病毒作用与保肝护肝作用的量-效关系及时-效关系.实验结果表明,3TC/PA体内抗DHBV的最佳给药剂量为50.0 mg/kg,一方面其抗病毒效果优于阳性对照阿昔洛韦,另一方面保肝护肝效果优于阳性对照门鸟.1     

鸭病毒性肝炎综合防制措施的研究

肉鸭养殖场采取严格消毒、隔离饲养、加强种鸭免疫和雏鸭免疫、利用血清或抗体对雏鸭被动预防、药物预防等综合防制措施,对选定养殖户的养殖跟踪表明,在20日龄的鸭病毒性肝炎发生率从60%降低到20%。对来自非免疫种鸭和免疫种鸭的雏鸭群分别采用雏鸭疫苗接种、免疫血清注射和喂中药“鸭肝灵”,结果表明,疫苗的免疫接种是防制DVH所必须的,且与中草药“鸭肝灵”配合应用防制效果明显;注射血清能起到一定的防制作用,但其效价维持的时间较短,至少要经过两次注射才可能起到有效的保护作用。而对来自规则免疫种鸭的健康雏鸭其母源抗体有一定的保护作用,对预防DHV的早期感染起关键的作用,但保护不到15日龄,最早需在5日龄进行首免,15日龄才能达到有效的保护作用,同时饲喂中药“鸭肝灵”保护效果明显。无论雏鸭的母源抗体如何,隔离饲养、严格消毒,疫苗免疫(首免时间依种鸭免疫情况而定),并同时饲喂中药“鸭肝灵”保护效果明显。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to