应用膜技术分离当归浸取液中的阿魏酸

研究了运用膜分离法从当归水浸取液中分离、纯化有效成分阿魏酸并进行浓缩的新工艺.首先,研究超滤法的可操作性.其次,对比研究超滤法和传统的醇沉法纯化当归水浸取液的处理效果,定量检测阿魏酸的回收率和杂质去除率.最后,为进一步提高阿魏酸浓度,分别选用纳滤膜和反渗透膜进行浓缩,并考察了操作压力和pH值对截留率的影响.实验结果表明:经过高速离心预处理后,超滤当归水提液的渗透通量变化不大,可用于当归水提液的纯化操作;超滤法的回收率和杂质去除率均高于醇沉法,说明新的超滤膜分离法在当归纯化效果方面优于醇沉法;纳滤膜对阿魏酸几乎没有截留效果,反渗透适用于浓缩阿魏酸,提高pH值可以提高截留率,本实验条件下pH=9～10,压力2.5 MPa时反渗透获得最高的截留率.     

金针菇粗多糖组成及其抗氧化活性的探究

实验采用热水提取金针菇鲜品,提取液用超滤膜超滤后的截留液冻干得金针菇粗多糖,测定金针菇粗多糖抗氧化性能和滤过液中氨基酸含量.利用羟基自由基法、超氧离子自由基法、DPPH法检测提取物的清除自由基能力.结果表明金针菇粗多糖具有很好的抗氧化活性,且抗氧化活性基本随浓度升高先升高后下降.金针菇粗多糖的红外光谱测定表明是以葡聚糖为主的多糖.超滤膜的滤过液浓缩冻干后得到金针菇汤粉,氨基酸测定仪测定金针菇汤粉氨基酸的含量,为金针菇营养价值的开发提供实验依据.     

优化红花桑寄生多糖提取工艺的研究

采用水提醇沉法从红花桑寄生叶中提取多糖.在单因素实验的基础上,分别对影响红花桑寄生多糖水提的4个主要因素——料液比、提取时间、提取温度、提取次数和影响乙醇沉淀多糖的3个主要因素——乙醇体积分数、静置时间、浓缩倍数,设计了L9(34)4因素3水平正交实验,以多糖得率为指标,采用方差分析对结果进行统计分析,结果表明提取次数和乙醇体积分数对得率影响最大.确立了水提红花桑寄生多糖的最佳工艺条件为:提取次数3次,提取温度95℃,料液比为1∶25,提取时间2h;最佳醇沉条件为:浓缩倍数1倍,乙醇体积分数80%,静置时间24h.     

TiO2吸附及超滤法部分纯化果菠萝蛋白酶的研究

果汁量4％的TiO2作为吸附剂,能够吸附菠萝榨汁中96％的果菠萝蛋白酶活力,然后以0．4MpH6．6的柠檬酸缓冲液可有效地进行洗脱,洗脱液先用截留值2万的超滤膜超滤,流出液再用截留值为5万的超滤膜超滤,最后所得截留液中果菠萝蛋白酶比活力达911单位／毫克蛋白,活力回收率为54％,纯化倍数7．9,蛋白质溶液浓缩10倍．     

TiO2吸附及超滤法部分纯化果菠萝蛋白酶的研究

果汁量4％的TiO2作为吸附剂,能够吸附菠萝榨汁中96％的果菠萝蛋白酶力,然后以0．4MpH6.6的柠檬酸缓冲液可有效地进行洗脱,洗脱洗先用截留值2万的超滤膜超滤,流出液再用截留值为5万的超滤膜超滤,最后所得截留液中果菠萝蛋白酶比活力达911单位／毫克蛋白,活力回收率为54％,纯化倍数7．9,蛋白质溶液浓缩10倍。     

超滤膜分离纯化山麦冬多糖的研究

采用不同孔径的超滤膜对山麦冬多糖提取液进行超滤分离,并用苯酚-硫酸比色法和福林-酚试剂显色法分别测定各超滤液多糖和蛋白的含量.结果表明不同相对分子量范围的多糖在山麦冬总糖中的含量分别为:相对分子量在30 000以上的含量为50.3%,30 000~10 000之间的含量为19.6%,10 000~1 000之间的含量为13.8%,分子量小于1 000的低聚糖和单糖含量为16.3%;各级多糖干物质纯度均大于90%;超滤膜可截留大部分蛋白质.超滤是一种很好的分离纯化山麦冬多糖的方法.     

超滤法纯化酸枣仁提取物的工艺研究

用超滤法研究纯化酸枣仁提取物的最佳工艺.以总皂苷透过率和浸膏得率为评价指标进行正交实验设计,对操作压力(A)、滤膜的分子截流值(B)、药液浓度(C)、料液温度(D) 4个因素进行优选.结果表明,优选工艺为A1B1C2D2, 即操作压力为10 Pa,滤膜的分子截流值为1 000 u,料液浓度为100 g·L-1,料液温度为30 ℃时纯化效果最好.采用此工艺纯化酸枣仁中总皂苷的工艺操作简单可靠,纯化效率高.     

超滤-纳滤技术在金毛狗脊黄酮分离纯化中的应用

通过动态提取-超滤-纳滤操作分离金毛狗脊中的总黄酮。以去离子水为溶剂,在十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的辅助下动态循环提取金毛狗脊黄酮,并通过超滤去除大分子杂质,再用纳滤对料液进行浓缩。优化的工艺条件为:超滤操作压力0.14 MPa,温度45℃,溶液p H 6,操作时间90 min,此时超滤回收率61.30%,截留率18.52%;纳滤操作压力0.4 MPa,温度45℃,溶液p H 6,操作时间90 min,此时料液浓度提高2.190倍,纳滤回收率68.29%,截留率53.92%。与大孔树脂纯化实验相比,文中采用的分离方法能节省操作时间、提高操作效率,同时能有效提高总黄酮的浓度。     

超滤去除螺旋藻自身生长抑制物最佳工艺研究

采用不同截留分子量的超滤膜去除螺旋藻回用培养液中的生长抑制物,考虑微滤预处理、操作压力、料液温度、料液pH、转速对超滤膜通量的影响,在此基础上通过正交实验确定微滤预处理后超滤的最佳去除工艺,最后通过测定清洗前后膜的水通量变化确定最佳清洗方法.结果表明,100kDa的超滤膜对回用培养液中的抑制物有显著去除效果,去除抑制物的最佳工艺参数为超滤压力0.2MPa、搅拌转速450r/min、料液pH 9、料液温度35℃;最佳清洗方法为35℃温水清洗0.5h,此条件下膜通量恢复率达94%.     

超滤对大蒜粗多糖中蛋白质的脱除效果

研究了超滤对大蒜粗多糖中蛋白质的脱除效果．选择截留相对分子质量为10000的超滤膜（MWCO）,并研究了超滤次数、操作压力、样品浓度和膜的清洗方式对超滤效果的影响．结果表明：利用该超滤膜来脱除大蒜粗多糖中蛋白质的最佳条件为：大蒜多糖的质量浓度20mg／mL,压力27．58kPa,超滤3次．该条件下大蒜多糖通过率达到92．1％,蛋白质含量由O．5％降低到了0．05％．超滤膜使用后,不经清洗,再次使用,大蒜多糖的通过率为74．7％,为原通过率的78．1％;经蒸馏水一Na0H溶液一蒸馏水混合清洗后,大蒜多糖的通过率为93．2％,恢复到原通过率的97．5％．结论：采用超滤法可以脱除大蒜粗多糖中的蛋白质．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.