噬菌体展示肽库技术淘选蚕丝纤维蛋白连结短肽的实验研究

采用噬菌体随机肽库展示技术研究与蚕丝纤维蛋白连结的功能性短肽的淘选方法.实验结果显示,淘选的与蚕丝纤维蛋白连结的功能性短肽都包含有一个相同的氨基酸残基序列QSWS.噬菌体与蚕丝蛋白的连结试验和合成肽与蚕丝蛋白的连结试验都证实了QSWS序列与蚕丝蛋白连结的重要性.随着对淘选方法进一步改进和优化,这些功能性短肽将有助于对蚕丝进行功能化改造,可拓宽蚕丝在生物材料领域中的应用.     

小鼠噬菌体抗体库的构建和N-肽结合单链抗体的筛选

成功构建一库容量为1.7×10⁸的小鼠噬菌体抗体库,并从中淘选出对N-肽有结合活性的单链抗体。首先从未免疫小鼠的脾脏中提取总RNA,分离出mRNA,经逆转录合成其总cDNA。随后通过PCR分别扩增出抗体重链和轻链可变区V_H、V_L的基因片断,再经重组PCR将两片断由一编码(Gly₄Ser)₃十五肽的接头连在一起,并克隆到噬菌质粒pCANTAB 5E中,电击转化大肠杆菌TG1。经辅助噬菌体M13KO7超感染回收全部重组噬菌体,此即噬菌体抗体库。N-肽是一种新发现的神经肽,其N端与阿片肽高度同源,可与阿片肽受体相互作用。对其研究可能有助于了解成瘾机制和有临床应用价值。将生物素化的N-肽与抗体库相互作用,用偶联有链霉亲和素的磁珠富集与N-肽结合的重组噬菌体,经四轮淘选,得到亲和力较高的单链抗体。     

肿瘤靶向多肽生物淘选技术研究进展

生物淘选肿瘤或癌细胞的各种特异性靶向多肽是探索肿瘤早期诊断和治疗方法的有效途径.特异性靶向多肽既可用于探测肿瘤细胞表型特征,又可将其与抗癌药物结合进行靶向治疗,同时还可作为体内肿瘤的成像制剂,用于肿瘤及肿瘤细胞微转移的早期探测.噬菌体展示肽库技术能够有效地进行生物淘选或识别出与癌或肿瘤细胞某一靶点连结的,具有特异性、高亲和性的多肽.近年来,利用体内或体外噬菌体展示肽库技术已成功地淘选或识别出一些癌细胞的靶向多肽.本文就这些方面的研究进展进行了简要阐述,重点介绍了癌或肿瘤细胞靶向多肽的体外和体内生物淘选最新技术和临床应用.     

从七肽噬菌体展示库中筛选蛋白质配基

为了研究噬菌体展示技术的应用，以溶菌酶为靶分子从七肽噬菌体展示库中筛选蛋白质的高亲和力噬菌体配体，所筛选的亲和力最高的噬菌体的ELISA检测值A405nm可达0．634．通过比较亲和性噬菌体外源插入肽的DNA序列，认为基元HWWW是肽段与酶分子发生亲和的必需序列．此外，由于靶分子和高亲和性展示肽的等电点分别为11．2和6．74，因此在亲和环境中携带异种电荷，利于亲和吸附的发生，而此时低亲和性展示肽与靶分子携带同种电荷，阻碍了亲和吸附．同时，高亲和性肽段HWWPAS和与其有较高同源性的肽段HWTWWNL都有适中的疏水性，这有利于肽与靶分子表面的疏水位点相互作用从而产生亲和吸附．     

尿激酶短肽抑制剂的初步研究

以尿激酶为目标蛋白, 在噬菌体表面展示六肽库中对尿激酶的短肽类抑制剂进行了三轮特异性筛选. 提高噬菌体与尿激酶的比例及缩短作用时间从而提高筛选压力后, 与尿激酶亲和结合的噬菌体得到富集. 通过对第三轮筛选到的重组噬菌体的DNA序列分析, 获得一组相对保守的肽序列. 相应的合成短肽 NEPKAN 和VSPKVL 对尿激酶的抑制常数分别为32.5 μmol/L和88.6 μmol/L.     

利用十二肽库筛选心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白特异性的亲和配体

采用噬菌体表面展示十二肽库对心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白（H FABP）特异性亲和配体进行筛选, 经3轮筛选及序列比对后得到一个酶联免疫测定分析 (ELISA)检测阳性特征序列： W P N H H M L H K R W P. 对此序列进行肽合成, 并标记上荧光标记物芘, 经高效液相纯化、 冻干及质谱确定其分子量后制成荧光肽探针检测急性心肌梗塞病人血样, 结果均呈阳性. 结果表明, 所获得的肽探针具有较好的临床应用效果.心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白; 噬菌体表面展示十二肽库; 亲和配体; 酶联免疫测定分析     

噬菌体展示肽库技术及其在分子病原细菌学研究中的应用

从噬菌体展示技术的基本原理、肽库的构建、噬菌体肽库的分类、噬菌体肽库的筛选方法等方面,综述了噬菌体展示肽库技术;从抗原表位研究、免疫诊断研究、基因疫苗研究、抗菌药物的靶向投递等方面,阐述了噬菌体展示肽库技术在分子病原细菌学中的应用;并对今后的研究方向进行了展望.     

抗癌胚抗原纳米抗体展示文库的构建与筛选

利用噬菌体展示技术进行纳米抗体库的构建和筛选,获得抗癌胚抗原(CEACAM5)的高亲和力、强特异性纳米抗体,为相关癌症诊断及靶向治疗的应用奠定基础。使用重组CEACAM5抗原免疫羊驼,分离免疫后羊驼的外周血淋巴细胞,提取总RNA后通过RT-PCR技术扩增羊驼重链抗体可变区(VHH)片段,构建纳米抗体文库。采用噬菌体展示技术和固相淘选方法,筛选得到强阳性克隆,经大肠杆菌表达和镍离子亲和层析获得纳米抗体,最终利用Biacore分析其亲和力和特异性。通过3轮的淘选,获得一株纳米抗体亲和力达到2.6×10-10mol·L-1,对同源性蛋白CEACAM-1、-3、-6、-8及肿瘤蛋白AFP均无交叉反应性。利用噬菌体展示技术成功获得了抗癌胚抗原(CEACAM5)的高亲和力、强特异性纳米抗体,可用于后续相关癌症诊断和靶向治疗。     

噬菌体展示肽技术及其应用

综述了噬菌体展示肽技术的基本原理，肽库构建和筛选的基本方法以及噬菌体展示肽库的应用现状和前景。     

在肽库中筛选β2糖蛋白Ⅰ的小肽配体

以β2GPⅠ为目标分子, 在噬菌体表面展示肽库中进行亲和性筛选, 经过4轮筛选后, 噬菌体的收率从2.4×10-5%提高到1.1×10-3%. 随机挑取噬菌体克隆, 测定其与β2GPⅠ的结合活性, 选取其中结合力较强的克隆进行DNA序列测定, 得到一组保守序列(YFSAF), 经与人凝血酶受体前体序列(271～278)比较, 发现它们具有明显的相似性. 经竞争性ELISA分析实验, 含有该序列的噬菌体克隆能够抑制β2GPⅠ与抗磷脂抗体的结合, 抑制率可达20%左右.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.