羊毛的变性及变性羊毛阳离子染料染色

羊毛经阴离子型活性变性剂处理后，纤维侧基上被引入阴离子型基因，具有和腈纶纤维类似的结构。因而，变性羊毛能够用阳离子染料染色。增大变性剂的分子量、共轭双键数及相对疏水性，变性羊毛用阳离子染料染色时上染速率和上染率均可显著地增大，染色牢度也大为改善，但对酸性染料产生防染作用。从变性羊毛的红外吸收光谱图上可看到，在波数为１１５０～１２６０ｃｍ－１、１０１０～１０８０ｃｍ－１和６００—７００ｃｍ－１处均出现磺酸基的特征吸收峰。变性剂和羊毛间形成共价结合成为纤维侧基的一部分。变性羊毛表面的电性能有较大变化，但其物理机械性能如减溶解度、弹性、断裂强度等基本不受影响。     

电晕处理对毛织物表面性能的影响

对羊毛织物的表面进行了电晕处理，用XPS和SEM研究了处理前后纤维袁面化学结构及物理结构的变化，探讨羊毛的润湿性、表面静电性能和对植物染料染色性能的变化．结果表明，经电晕处理后，羊毛表面舍氧量增多，表面漫润性得到改善，增加了纤维表面的亲水性；此外，电晕处理导致鳞片表层胱氨酸的部分二硫键氧化断裂，改善了对植物染料黄连的染色性能，表现为上染速度提高，但上染率变化不大．     

硅片力学行为与表面损伤

研究了硅片力学行为与表面损伤的关系．结果表明，Ｍ２０金刚砂研磨使硅片表面产生损伤和微小裂纹，研磨硅片在常温工艺中容易破碎，机械强度较低；在高温工艺中容易弯曲或翘曲，抗形变能力差．研磨后化腐３０μｍ左右可使强度提高１倍多，达到材质固有强度，高温弯曲度变化降到磨片的１／４～１／３．研磨片表面７～８μｍ的微腐也可使强度提高到材质强度的７０％～８０％，弯曲度变化降到磨片的１／２～２／３．     

全毛针织绒线绞纱防毡缩及其染色工艺

论述了全毛针织绒线绞纱氯化一树脂防缩法．用二氯异氰脲酸盐作为释氯剂，阳离子自交联非硅聚合物为树脂，通过释氯剂的不同用量及处理浴的ｐＨ值和温度变化，研究全毛针织绒线的处理效果．得出采用３％释氯剂滴加（处理浴ｐＨ值为４．５、温度为３０℃）和３％树脂进行绞纱防缩处理，防缩效果达到了国际羊毛局机可洗的标准．选用适当的染料（兰纳素和兰纳洒脱染料），试验释氯剂对色变的影响；对不同的颜色，根据释氯剂对其影响程度的大小，采用不同的处理顺序（先氯化处理后染色或先染色后氯化处理）．对先氯化处理的全毛针织绒线染色性能的研究结果表明，适当地提高染浴的ｐＨ值，降低染浴的始染温度，必要附加入适当的释酸剂控制染浴的ｐＨ值，有利于染色的均匀．防缩后的全毛针织绒线的色牢度符合国际羊毛局机可洗的色牢度要求．     

改善羊毛对酸性染料吸附性能的研究

用阳离子剂对羊毛做变性处理后，可在羊毛中引入阳离子基，提高它在酸性液中的阳荷性，增加染座，增强对匀染性酸性染料的吸附能力，从而提高羊毛的上染率和染色牢度．试验结果表明，匀染性酸性染料对变性羊毛的染色深度和湿处理牢度在一定程度上均有提高．但碱性阳离子变性处理液对羊毛有一定损伤，需进一步研究改善措施．     

天然抗氧化剂Isoverbascoside对人胃腺癌细胞生长和超微结构的影响

ＭＧｃ８０－３细胞经２０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ抗氧化剂ｌｓｏｖｅｒｂａｓｃｏｓｉｄｅ处理后，细胞生长曲线与分裂指数显著下降，倍增时间延长，生长抑制率达５７．８％．电镜观察结果表明：ｌｓｏｖｅｒｂａｓｃｏｓｉｄｅ处理的细胞，核质比例下降，核形规则，核仁体积缩小，数量减少，核内异染色质减少；线粒体形态结构典型；细胞表面微绒毛减少等显著变化．说明天然抗氧化剂Ｉｓｏｖｅｒｂａｓｃｏｓｉｄｅ改变了ＭＧｃ８Ｏ－３细胞的恶性表型特征，具有明显的诱导分化作用．     

高温热湿处理羊毛纤维的微观结构与性能研究

本文研究了羊毛纤维经高温蒸汽及高温水煮处理后的吸湿性能与拉伸性能的变化．采用扫描电子显微镜及X射线衍射仪，分析了羊毛纤维经高温热湿处理后微观结构形态及结晶度．结果表明，经不同温度及时间的蒸汽、水煮处理后，羊毛纤维的吸湿性能出现不规律的变化，而纤维的拉仲强力及伸长则降低；经高温热湿处理后，羊毛纤维的鳞片遭到破坏，纤维结晶指数下降．     

羊毛表面性状的微观研究

借助扫描电镜和透射电镜对洗净澳毛的表面微观结构进行研究。并通过对其鳞片细胞的红外吸收光谱图的化学结构分析。建立了比较完整的羊毛纤维表面微观物理结构和化学结构模型。经过变性处理后，羊毛纤维表面性状结构发生了预期变化。进一步证明了毛纱上浆率低的根本原因是表面疏水性物质的存在。     

乌拉圭羊毛理化性能及其可纺性的研究

着重研究乌拉圭细羊毛和半细羊毛在化学组成、形态结构、纺纱工艺性能和染色性能等方面的特点，并与相当细度的美利奴羊毛有关性能相对比．分析了ＭＩＣ２２．６、ＭＩＣ２６．８、ＭＩＣ２８．８三种毛条的纤维长度和细度分布特性，制定出可纺纱支的纱线规格和相应的加工工艺路线．结果表明，乌拉圭羊毛表面鳞片密度低并紧贴毛干，使羊毛明亮光泽；乌拉圭羊毛强力大，初始模量高，卷曲弹性率较低，表面光滑，摩擦系数小；乌拉圭羊毛含有较少的自由氨基，上染比较缓慢．根据其特性，作者认为乌拉圭羊毛加工过程中需特别注意和毛油剂种类的选择，同时宜采用较低的单纱和股线捻系数，设计色泽鲜艳、要求保形性能好的产品．     

超声波对羊毛纤维表面形态与内部结晶的影响

羊毛表面的鳞片层由于疏水性强,是羊毛上染的初始壁障,羊毛内部皮质层的规整堆砌结构也影响染料在羊毛内部的渗透与扩散.采用扫描电镜和X-射线衍射技术分别观察和测试了超声波作用下羊毛表面形态以及内部结晶度的变化.结果发现,经超声波处理后,羊毛表面鳞片被刻蚀,边缘破损；羊毛表面有无定形物碎片沉积以及波纹状条痕；鳞片倾角增大,鳞片交叠处有无定形物析出；此外,羊毛结晶度有一定程度下降,可以推测,这些现象和结果有利于初始上染壁障的削弱以及纤维内部透染的改善,从而提高羊毛的染色性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-