红霉素发酵生产后期的调控研究

采用FUS-50L（A）生物反应器对红霉素发酵生产过程进行调控，在后期按优化方案向发酵液中补入混合物X，可使最终发酵液的生物效价和红霉素A组分的相对百分含量分别由对照样品的6089u／mL、81．16％提高至条件样品的8316u／mL、89．78％．同时，通过多尺度参数分析，阐明了红霉素发酵生产后期优化控制的重要性．     

红霉素高产变株F1-57的选育及发酵工艺研究

通过红霉素耐前体物的筛选，选到了一株红霉素的高产变株F1—57，其发酵水平较亲株提高10％以上．通过培养基正交试验及正丙醇的耐受性试验得到了一个优化工艺，使F1—57的发酵水平有了进一步的提高。     

蜂房芽孢杆菌利用蔗渣发酵产木聚糖酶的研究

优化了蜂房芽孢杆菌利用蔗渣发酵产木聚糖酶的工艺条件，并考察木聚糖酶发酵的动力学过程，结果表明在优化工艺条件下发酵45h，蜂房芽孢杆菌产木聚糖酶活性最高可达7447IU/mL，比优化前提高94%。     

以纯烷烃为基质的石油发酵体系动力学分析

石油发酵体系动力学的研究是石油发酵过程工业化及工艺条件优化之基础。本文首先系统地介绍了以纯烷烃为基质的石油发酵体系中菌体生长的动力学模型，然后对该体系的动力学作了全面的分析，在此基础上提出了石油发酵体系动力学研究的一些初步想法。     

特制摇瓶用于测定菌种发酵动力学的研究

通过设计特殊摇瓶，以啤酒酵母为实验对象，对其发酵动力学进行了研究。得出：啤酒酵母在麦芽汁培养基，２５℃，２２０ｒ／ｍｉｎ，接种量１０％时细胞生长动力学为：基质消耗动力学方程式为并对不同工艺条件下所得动力学方程作了比较。     

发酵过程多水平问题及其生物反应器装置技术研究

回顾了发酵过程优化与放大所依据的基本思想和方法,认为采用以动力学为基础的最佳工艺控制点为依据的静态操作方法,实质上只是化学工程宏观动力学概念在发酵工程上的延伸,往往忽视细胞代谢流的存在。以细胞代谢流的分析与控制为核心的生物反应工程学的观点,通过实验研究,提出了基于参数相关的发酵过程多水平问题研究的优化技术和发酵过程多参数调整的放大技术。随着过程传感技术和计算机技术的发展,设计了一种定型为FUS50L（A）的新概念生物反应器。这种新型生物反应器是以物料流检测为手段,过程优化与放大为目标,成功地应用在青霉素、红霉素、金霉素、肌苷、鸟苷发酵和Pichia酵母表达系统的基因工程人血清白蛋白（rhSA）、疟疾疫苗等高密度高表达培养,大幅度提高发酵水平,并直接放大到几百升,甚至100 m3以上生产规模发酵罐。     

红霉素摇瓶发酵实验工艺条件

主要研究了红霉素摇瓶发酵工艺条件对发酵水平的影响,通过正交实验得到了优化的发酵温度为：前期温度３５℃,中期温度３１℃,后期温度。同时,得到优化的前期和中期Ｐ 为６．８。利用均匀设计,得出了优化补料配主,使效价提高约３．８％,同时得到了效价与各基质浓度的回归方程。     

红霉素发酵过程前期参数相关分析及调控

对红霉素发酵过程前期调控策略进行了研究,从宏观代谢流的变化着手,对表征细胞代谢特征的参数进行了相关分析,对发酵前期的摄氧率(OUR)、二氧化碳释放率(CER)及呼吸商(RQ)相关变化及红霉素发酵前期CER与pH的变化进行了分析,确定了合适的调控方式,在工业规模发酵罐上通过控制发酵过程前期补糖速率等措施,使发酵平均水平从原来的4500u／mL提高到了6000u／mL。     

玉米生粉酒精发酵的研究

利用无蒸煮工艺，探讨玉米生粉酒精发酵的最佳工艺条件：原料加水比为１∶２．５，α－淀粉酶用量为１０μ／ｇ原料，糖化酶用量为４００μ／ｇ原料，青霉素用量为１６００μ／Ｌ。在３０℃，ｐＨ４．２条件下，２１４１菌株发酵１２０ｈ后，酒精度达９．６％，残还原糖０．２２％，淀粉利用率８２．５４％     

基于体积溶氧系数的柠檬酸清液发酵工艺优化

为实现柠檬酸发酵过程的节能减排、清洁化生产、清液发酵替代传统的带渣发酵工艺,以柠檬酸带渣发酵过程的体积溶氧系数(KLa)为基础,对清液发酵的工艺参数进行优化.通过实验发现:在相同的发酵参数下,清液发酵的KLa水平高于带渣发酵.优化后的清液发酵工艺表明:转速为800 r/min,通气量下降12.5％达到0.126m3/h时,柠檬酸发酵终质量浓度为135g/L,转化率达到80％,比原有清液工艺提高了4％,比带渣发酵工艺提高了1.4％.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-