三种水稻转基因技术体系的比较研究

研究比较了外源基因导入水稻的三种技术体系,即ＰＥＧ介导法,基因枪法和农杆菌介导法．综合考虑转化频率、转化周期、转化难度和转化成本等因素,认为在水稻转基因研究中,最经济、有效和易行的技术体系是农杆菌介导法．     

麻疯树毒蛋白(curcin)基因转化水稻的研究

以粳稻(Japonica)品种日本晴与中花11号为材料,对影响农杆菌介导水稻转化体系的几个因素进行了研究,建立了农杆菌介导的有效水稻转化体系.在该体系中,首次使用浓度为10-4g/mL嘌呤合成抑制剂acivicin在转化前对水稻愈伤组织进行预处理,结果表明此法可有效提高GUS基因的瞬时表达率.同时,利用插入了麻疯树毒蛋白(curcin)基因的植物表达质粒pBI121-curcin,通过农杆菌介导转化水稻,获得了多株转基因植株.通过PCR鉴定,证实curcin基因已整合到水稻基因组中.     

利用基因枪法钭多个抗虫基因导入超级杂交水稻培矮—64S的研究

应用基因枪法对超级杂交水稻培矮－64S进行了转化,质粒载体pKC－3串联了三个抗虫基因,将其转化成熟胚诱导的愈伤组织,共获得33株转基因植株,分别对不同的基因进行PCR分析,结果表明,三个抗虫基因均已整合到水稻基因组。     

OsNHX1基因转化84K杨的研究

采用农杆菌介导的方法开展了水稻Na /H 逆向转运蛋白基因OsNHX1转化84K杨的研究.建立了84K杨的叶外植体高频再生系统,经诱导不定芽及诱导生根阶段卡那霉素连续筛选,获得了大量卡那霉素抗性转化植株.PCR检测和Southern杂交检测表明,OsNHX1基因已成功整合到84K杨基因组.耐盐实验表明,转基因植株能在200 mmol NaCl条件下正常生长.     

p5cs转化水稻细胞系的研究

用基因枪法将豆科植物mothbean（Vigna aconitifolia L．）中的△1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶（△1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthctase，PSCS）基因转化水稻。经PCR扩增和Southernblot分析，证实p5cs基因已整合到水稻细胞基因组中。用250mM NaCl胁迫处理后，发现转基因细胞的脯氨酸含量提高。同时转基因细胞的耐盐性比野生型增强。     

转基因技术及其在水稻育种中的研究进展

以载体介导、基因直接导入和种质系统3类基因转化体系分别介绍了常用的几种转基因技术—农杆菌转化法、基因枪法、PEG介导法、电击法、花粉管通道法和浸泡转化法的原理及其在水稻育种上的最新研究进展,比较了各种技术的特点。最后对转基因技术在水稻育种上的前景作了展望。     

人角质细胞生长因子-1在水稻中的表达

人角质细胞生长因子(Keratinocyte growth factor,KGF)在组织的损伤修复中起着重要的作用.植物细胞生物反应器是一种成本低、安全性好的蛋白生产系统.本研究将人KGF-1经农杆菌介导法转入水稻中,共获得38株抗性再生植株.Southern杂交和RT-PCR结果表明KGF-1基因整合入水稻基因组中且部分转化株中KGF-1基因得到转录.Western blotting检测结果显示有两株转化水稻中能够表达KGF-1.     

Basta对水稻愈伤组织生长及分化的影响

通过研究除草剂 Ｂａｓｔａ对 ６个水稻品种愈伤组织的生长和分化的影响,发现 Ｂａｓｔａ对愈伤组织的生长和分化具有强烈的抑制作用;在此基础上,找到了合适的Ｂａｓｔａ筛选压,为以ｂａｒ基因作为选择标记基因的水稻遗传转化奠定了基础．     

影响根癌农杆菌转化水稻频率的因素研究

根癌农杆菌与来自水稻成熟种子的愈伤组织共培养,将外源基因导入水稻愈伤组织,并获得了转基因植株．通过比较影响根癌农杆菌转化频率的各种因素,表明在转化过程中酚类化合物和单糖的加入使农杆菌的转化频率提高了０．９％～１７．４％．在共培养时农杆菌的稀释方式也是影响农杆菌转化频率的重要因素     

花青素合成调节基因VlmybA2遗传转化水稻的研究

VlmybA2基因是从巨峰葡萄中分离出来的一个花青素合成调节基因。该基因通过编码myb相关转录因子,调节花青素合成途径中结构基因的表达。本研究采用农杆菌介导法将花青素合成调节基因VlmybA2转化水稻,研究该基因在水稻花青素合成途径中的作用。结果表明,转VlmybA2基因水稻根部出现红褐色条纹,而其他组织器官无明显表型差异。     

水稻同源重组型质粒载体的构建

根据同源重组机制,以水稻17S-5.8SrDNA 2.5 kb 同源片段和含有MT基因、Km r 基因的外源DNA片段构建了质粒载体pURKMT,并用电激法转化水稻愈伤组织,经Km 筛选,获得了对Km 抗性明显高于基础抗性的愈伤组织.经DNA斑点杂交检测,证实外源基因已整合到水稻基因组DNA中.     

花粉管通道法转基因技术在甜瓜品种河套蜜瓜上的应用

为建立甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)简便易行转化频率高的转基因技术,以甜瓜品种河套蜜瓜为受体材料,以含gus基因的植物双元表达载体pPZP221为外源基因供体,进行了花粉管通道法转基因研究.自交授粉后分别于1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10 h,切去柱头上端1/3部分,立即滴加质粒DNA溶液,果实成熟后收获转化种子.对T0代植株进行PCR检测,结果表明不同时间处理所得到的T0代植株均具有较高的转化频率,其中授粉后7 h滴加DNA溶液所获得的转化率为28.3%.对一部分PCR阳性的T0代植株基因组DNA进行Southern杂交分析,结果表明所有样品均出现特异性杂交条带,证明外源基因已整合到受体植物基因组中.     

叶片衰老抑制基因PSAG12-ipt转入籼稻不育系中A的研究

以质粒pSG516(ipt)为目的基因, pHQ9(hpt和gus)为选择/标记基因进行共转化,以PSD-1000-氦气基因枪介导,将ipt、hpt和gus基因转化到籼型不育系中A的核DNA中,得到了98个潮霉素抗性再生植株系.经过GUS基因组织化学染色检测、PCR检测以及Southern blot杂交分析,证实了叶片衰老抑制基因PSAG12-ipt已经整合到水稻基因组中.     

Studies of Improving the Frequency of Indica Rice Transformation by Biolistic Bombardment

In order to improve the frequency of indica rice transformation by biolistic bombardment,suitable culture conditions for embryonic calli,an optimal selection scheme for resistant calli and seedling,and optimum bombardment parameters a investigated by using 14 commercially important indica rice cultivars.The main results show that the CC medium with 36g/L mannitol is a scheme subculture medium in which the browning of indica rice calli can be mitigated significantly;The concentration of 30-40mg/L Hyg or 150-200mg/L G418 or 10-20mg/L Basta is suitable for selection of resistant calli;The transformation parameters of 100μg gold powder absorbing 0.2μg DNA per shot and 900 psi helium pressure and 6 cm bombardment distance and bombarded twice for each plate give the best result;Keeping the target calli on osmotic medium containing 60g/L mannitol from 12-24h before bombardment to 24-48h after it can increase the efficiencies of transformation.Furthermore,some transgenic indica rice plants are obtained using this optimized transformation system.     

PheAB基因在棒状杆菌染色体上的整合

改造大肠杆菌质粒ｐＬＣＸ３１,切除其中的ｘｙｌＥ基因得到大肠杆菌质粒ｐＪＬ０１．将源于大肠杆菌分枝酸变位酶－预苯酸脱水酶基因２．３ｋｂ ＢａｍＨＩ片段克隆到大肠杆菌质粒ｐＪＬ０１中启动子Ｐ３２的下降,构建成质粒ｐＪＬ０２。再在ｐＪＬ０２的ＨｉｎｄⅢ位点接入棒状杆菌染色体的ＨｉｎｄⅢ消化的随机片段,构建成带不同棒状杆菌染色体片段而不带棒状杆菌自主复制顺序的棒状杆菌整合质粒ｐＪＬ０３。     

用基因枪法将AGP基因导入水稻的初步研究

以水稻成熟种子的愈伤组织为受体，采用基因枪法将AGP基因导入水稻细胞，通过组织培养和抗性筛选，得到了转基因植株，转基因植株总DNA的PCR分析初步表明，目的基因已整合到水稻的基因组中。     

白藜芦醇合酶基因的克隆及对毕赤酵母的转化

目的建立白藜芦醇合酶基因的毕赤酵母表达系统。方法通过PCR、限制性内切酶消化、连接、电激等方法,构建表达载体,转化毕赤酵母GS115。结果从葡萄基因组DNA中扩增得到了 1 200 bp目的基因,并克隆至pBS-T栽体;成功构建了表达载体pPIC3．5K／RS;目的基因成功整合进毕赤酵母GS115基因组中。测序及PCR鉴定证明,白藜芦醇合酶基因的毕赤酵母表达系统建立成功。结论所得方法无需高质量的RNA,从而降低了试验条件,达到了快速简便的目的。     

Introduction of antisense waxy gene into main parent lines of indica hybrid rice

Amylose content in rice endosperm is one of thekey determinants of rice eating and cooking quality, and thepoor quality of indica hybrid rice is closely related to thehigh amylose level in rice grains. In order to improve thegrain quality of the indica hybrid rice by genetic engineering,an antisense fragment of rice waxy gene, driven by theintroduced into three major parent lines of indica hybrid rice,all contain a high amylose level in the grains, via Agrobacte-rium, and more than 100 hygromycin-resistant plants wereregenerated. The analysis of PCR amplification and South-ern blots indicated that the T-DNA containing the antisensewaxy gene had been integrated into the genome of transgenicrice plants. Most of the primary transgenic rice plants grewnormally, and the mature seeds from these transgenic plantswere performed for analysis of the amylose content. Theresults showed that the amylose content in the endosperm ofsome grains was reduced and the lowest reached 7.02% inone homozygous transgenic line, 72.4% lower than that ofthe wild type. The influence of the altered amylose contenton the gelatinization temperature and gel consistency wasalso observed in several homozygous transgenic rice plants.     

Ubi1 intron-mediated enhancement of the expression of Bt cry1Ah gene in transgenic maize (Zea mays L.)

The cry1Ah gene was one of novel insecticidal genes cloned from Bacillus thuringiensis isolate BT8. Two plant expression vectors containing cry1Ah gene were constructed. The first intron of maize ubiqutin1 gene was inserted between the maize Ubiquitin promoter and cry1Ah gene in one of the plant expressing vectors (pUUOAH). The two vectors were introduced into maize immature embryonic calli by microprojectile bombardment, and the reproductively plants were acquired. PCR and Southern blot analysis showed that foreign genes had been integrated into maize genome and inherited to the next generation stably. The ELISA assay to T1 and T2 generation plants showed that the expression of Cry1Ah protein in the construct containing the ubi1 intron (pUUOAH) was 20% higher than that of the intronless construct (pUOAH). Bioassay results showed that the transgenic maize harboring cry1Ah gene had high resistance to the Asian corn borers and the insecticidal activity of the transgenic maize containing the ubi1 intron was higher than that of the intronless construct. These results indicated that the maize ubi1 intron can enhance the expression of the Bt cry1Ah gene in transgenic maize efficiently