β—glucuronidase基因在水稻植株中的表达

采用花粉管通道法，将带β－ｇｌｕｃｕｒｏｎｉｄａｓｅ（ＧＵＳ）基因的ｐＢＩ１２１质粒ＤＮＡ导入栽培稻农垦５８。用荧光法检测ＧＵＳ活性，证明ＧＵＳ基因在水稻转基因植株中得到表达。Ｄｏｔ ｂｌｏｔ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ的结果表明经花粉管通道途径导入的外源ＤＮＡ整合到了转基因植株的基因组中，本文还对转基因植株后代的各种变异进行了讨论。     

转基因马铃薯植株中外源基因PCR扩增和拷贝数测定

本文报道一种简便、快速、可靠，同时又适合大量转基因植株中外源基因测定的ＰＣＲ检测技术，同时改进了转基因植物中总ＤＮＡ提取方法，并且用窄缝转移杂交测定了转基因植株中外源基因拷贝数。     

基因枪法获得可育抗除草剂转基因小麦

用基因枪法对两个春小麦品种进行了遗传转化，获得１９株独立转化的，抗除草剂Ｂａｓｔａ的小麦植株，其中１５株自交可育，ＰＣＲ和ＤＮＡ印迹检测证实了该基因在转化植株中的表达，转基因及其表达已遗传到子三代，在已检测的７个转基因后代中，有４个植株其抗除草剂性状以单位点，显性性状的孟德尔方式遗传。     

外源基因1Dx5在转基因小麦后代中的表达

采用PCR和SDS-PAGE技术,分析研究了转基因小麦后代外源品质基因1Dx5的遗传分离及表达规律,结果显示:转基因小麦后代的遗传分离完全符合孟得尔遗传分离规律,转基因植株都达到了纯合状态,1Dx5基因在转基因植株中已经稳定整合并稳定遗传,并发现了超表达的差异表达现象,在转基因植株中没有发现基因沉默现象.     

表达雪花莲外源凝集素基因的油菜转基因植株的获得

利用农杆菌素LBA4404（pCAMBIA3300RG)转化优良甘蓝型油菜恢复系W723的下胚轴节段.pCAM-BIA3300RG含有Rssl启动子引导的雪花莲外源凝集素基因（gna）和CaMV-35S启动子引导的除草剂抗性基因（bar）。经过两轮除草剂（2.5mg/L bialaphos）筛选（两周/轮）,除草剂抗性再生芽被传入生根培养基中生根,对根系旺盛生长的植株中所含gna基因进行PCR分析,PCR分析证实了这些植株确为转基因植株,利用Western印迹法对随机选择的5株含gna基因的转基因植株的分析发现,其中4株表达了gna基因。目前正对这些表达gna基因的转基因植株进行后代遗传分离分析。     

陆地棉基因转移技术研究初报

应用农杆菌菌株Ａｔ４４０４携带抗卡那霉素基因，Ｇｕｓ基因以有Ｂ．Ｔ毒基因，对陆地棉４个不同栽培品种鲁棉６号，鲁棉１０２４，中棉１２，中棉１９的无菌苗下胚轴和茎尖分生组织区作基因导入的研究，获得转基因的棉花试管苗；在以胚轴作为转化体系的增减过程中，只有钱棉６号经过了愈伤组织发生，胚状体形成及植株再生途径。     

一个NBS-LRR蛋白质基因转化水稻及其超量表达

水稻Osxoc1334是一个编码NBS-LRR类蛋白质的基因,通过构建该基因的超量表达载体,并在农杆菌EHA105介导下转化中花11号水稻,最终获得6株再生水稻植株.对抗性愈伤组织和再生植株用GUS组织化学染色检测,结果抗性愈伤组织和6株再生水稻植株均可染上蓝色,而野生型植株不变色,用潮霉素磷酸转移酶基因的特异引物进行PCR鉴定,再生植株均可扩增到目标条带而野生型植株则不能,表明Osxoc1334基因已随T-DNA整合到再生水稻植株基因组中.采用半定量和荧光定量PCR分析转基因水稻的Osxoc1334基因表达,结果其中3株转基因植株的Osxoc1334基因平均相对表达量明显增强,其中1株为野生型植株的23.5倍.这为进一步鉴定该基因功能奠定了基础.     

免防御素NP—1基因转化百合的研究

本研究以百合鳞片为外植体，用叶盘法将兔防御素ＮＰ－１基因导入百合中，经培养获得再生植株，通过抗生素筛选和ＰＣＲ分析，证帝为转基因植株，同时，地农杆菌转化过程中的一些影响因素进行了探讨。     

陆地棉基因转移技术研究初报

应用农杆菌菌株Ａｔ４４０４携带抗卡那霉素基因（氨基葡萄糖磷酸转移酶）、Ｇｕｓ基因（葡萄糖苷酸酶）以及Ｂ．Ｔ毒蛋白基因，对陆地棉４个不同栽培品种鲁棉６号、鲁棉１０２４、中棉１２、中棉１９的无菌苗下胚轴和茎尖分生组织区作基因导入的研究，获得转基因的棉花试管苗．在以胚轴作为转化体系的培养过程中，只有鲁棉６号经过了愈伤组织发生、胚状体形成及植株再生途径．若以３～５ｄ的无菌苗芽顶端分生组织作为转化体系，经转化的茎尖分生组织培养在无激素或低浓度激素的ＭＳ培养基上，则可较容易地从多个品种中获得转基因的再生植株．以此方法进行基因转移，时间短、方法简便、不受品种来源及基因型的限制．这一技术将有利于提高棉花转基因植株的成活率     

BYDVCP基因转化小麦原生质体及转基因植株再生

用原生质体融合技术与ＰＥＧ介导的直接转基因方法相结合，使高频率分裂的小麦济南１７７悬浮细胞系原生质体与具有分化能力的小麦济南１７７胚性愈伤组织原生质体融合，形成具有分裂和分化能力的融合细胞；同时，利用ＰＥＧ对原生质体的直接转基因作用，将带有抗病基因的质粒Ｐ＾ｐｐ１５与带有抗性选择标记基因的质粒Ｐ＾ＢｌＡｅｔＳＮ导入融合细胞中。经抗性筛选获得抗潮霉素的阳性克隆并再生植株。对再生植株作ＰＣＲ检测表明，     

农杆菌介导GNA基因对水稻的遗传转化

在ｐＣＡＭＢＩＡ３３００质粒中插入带有ＲＳｓ－１启动子的ＧＮＡ基因,并利用农杆菌介导的遗传转化将其导入水稻的微不定芽受体,得到了再生植株。ＰＣＲ,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ的检测结果初步证明ＧＮＡ基因已经整合到水稻的基因组中并得到表达。     

Using specific secondary metabolites as markers to evaluate allelopathic potentials of rice varieties and individual plants

It is a key of the breeding of allelopathic rice cultivars to evaluate and screen few accessions with allelopathic traits from numerous rice accessions and individual plants. Rice varieties and individual plants with allelopathic traits demonstrated their allelopathic effects by producing and releasing specific secondary metabolites into environment. Therefore, using specific secondary metabolites as markers, the allelopathic potentials of rice varieties and individual plants could be evaluated by HPLC. The allelopathic potentials of 3000 rice accessions and some individual plants of F3 and F4 were evaluated by this method in 1 a. If these accessions and plants were evaluated by the traditional method in the field, it would take more than 10 a, furthermore, the breeding process of allelopathic rice cultivars would be directed and monitored by this method. Isolation and structural identification of specific secondary metabolites was done by LC/MS coupling ¹H and ¹³C NMR. It revealed that allelochemicals of rice tissue were glucosides of resorcinol, flavone and hydroxamic acid, and were not well-known phenolic and fatty acids in previous studies. However, these glucosides could degrade immediately into sugar, phenolic and fatty acids under microbial and acidic medium when they released into the environment.     

Introduction of antisense waxy gene into main parent lines of indica hybrid rice

Amylose content in rice endosperm is one of thekey determinants of rice eating and cooking quality, and thepoor quality of indica hybrid rice is closely related to thehigh amylose level in rice grains. In order to improve thegrain quality of the indica hybrid rice by genetic engineering,an antisense fragment of rice waxy gene, driven by theintroduced into three major parent lines of indica hybrid rice,all contain a high amylose level in the grains, via Agrobacte-rium, and more than 100 hygromycin-resistant plants wereregenerated. The analysis of PCR amplification and South-ern blots indicated that the T-DNA containing the antisensewaxy gene had been integrated into the genome of transgenicrice plants. Most of the primary transgenic rice plants grewnormally, and the mature seeds from these transgenic plantswere performed for analysis of the amylose content. Theresults showed that the amylose content in the endosperm ofsome grains was reduced and the lowest reached 7.02% inone homozygous transgenic line, 72.4% lower than that ofthe wild type. The influence of the altered amylose contenton the gelatinization temperature and gel consistency wasalso observed in several homozygous transgenic rice plants.     

Introduction of antisensewaxy gene into main parent lines ofindica hybrid rice

Amylose content in rice endosperm is one of the key determinants of rice eating and cooking quality, and the poor quality ofindica hybrid rice is closely related to the high amylose level in rice grains. In order to improve the grain quality of theindica hybrid rice by genetic engineering, an antisense fragment of ricewaxy gene, driven by the 5′-franking sequences of the ricewaxy gene, was successfully introduced into three major parent lines ofindica hybrid rice, all contain a high amylose level in the grains, viaAgrobacterium, and more than 100 hygromycinresistant plants were regenerated. The analysis of PCR amplification and Southern blots indicated that the T-DNA containing the antisensewaxy gene had been integrated into the genome of transgenic rice plants. Most of the primary transgenic rice plants grew normally, and the mature seeds from these transgenic plants were performed for analysis of the amylose content. The results showed that the amylose content in the endosperm of some grains was reduced and the lowest reached 7.02% in one homozygous transgenic line, 72.4% lower than that of the wild type. The influence of the altered amylose content on the gelatinization temperature and gel consistency was also observed in several homozygous transgenic rice plants. The two authors contributed equally to this work.     

Production of bacterial blight resistant lines from somatic hybridization between Oryza sativa L. and Oryza meyeriana L

Novel bacterial blight (BB) resistance gene(s) for rice was (were) introduced into a cultivated japonica rice variety Oryza sativa (cv. 8411), via somatic hybridization using the wild rice Oryza meyeriana as the donor of the resistance gene(s). Twenty-nine progenies of somatically hybridized plants were obtained. Seven somatically hybridized plants and their parents were used for AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) analysis using 8 primer pairs. Results confirmed that these plants were somatic hybrids containing the characteristic bands of both parents. The morphology of the regenerated rice showed characters of both O.sativa and O.meyeriana. Two somatic hybrids showed highest BB resistance and the other 8 plants showed moderate resistance. The new germplasms with highest resistance have been used in the rice breeding program for the improvement of bacterial blight resistance.     

尖镰胞菌细胞色素P450 55a1基因超表达载体的构建和水稻日本晴遗传转化

要将细胞色素P450 55a1基因克隆到镰刀菌素植物超表达载体pCAMBIA1302中,构建了pCAMBIA1302-cyp55a1-gfp1植物超表达载体,以水稻日本晴为遗传转化的受体对象,通过农杆菌介导侵染方法进行了遗传转化.结果表明：成功构建了细胞色素P450 55a1基因超表达载体,获得了多个细胞色素P450 55a1基因超表达的阳性植株,并以RT-PCR技术分析了阳性植株中细胞色素P450 55a1基因的表达水平.     

褐飞虱喂养试验显示表达GNA的转基因水稻纯系抗褐飞虱

利用基因枪法将含有3个不同基因（hpt,gus和gna）的质粒pWRG1515和pRSSGNA1共同转化粳稻品种鄂晚5号成熟胚诱导的愈伤组织。共再生出35株独立转基因植株。PCR／Southern印迹法分析发现,83％的转基因植株含有所有3个外源基因。Western印迹法分析发现79％的含gna基因的转基因植株以不同水平表达GNA。遗传分析证实外源基因在转基因植株后代中以孟德尔方式遗传。从其R1代亲本为孟德尔3：1方式遗传的R2代中,鉴定出2个含有所有3个外源基因的独立转基因植株纯系。这些纯系具有相似的外源基因表达量。褐飞虱喂养试验表明,这些纯系对褐飞虱具有显著的抑制作用。这些褐飞虱抗性提高的转基因纯系将应用于水稻抗虫育种中。实验证明,通过遗传转化和筛选可获得含在农业上有应用价值基因的转基因水稻纯系。     

野生稻的种质资源抗性研究概述

野生稻资源中潜存着大量的抗真菌性、细菌性病害资源,因其长期处在野生状态,经受各种自然灾害和不良环境的选择,从而具有很强的抗逆特性,其中研究得最多的特性就是耐寒性。综述了野生稻在抗病、虫、草害及抗逆性等方面的种质资源研究应用现状,指出从野生稻活体中提取抗原载入受体植物使受体植物产生抗性,从而达到抗逆目的的方法,但在技术上还需继续完善。     

Transgenic rice homozygous lines expressing GNA showed enhanced resistance to rice brown planthopper

Mature seed-derived calli from two elite Chinese japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Eyi 105 and Ewan 5 were co-transformed with two plasmids, pWRG1515 and pRSSGNA1, containing the selectable marker hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hpt), the reporter β-glucuronidase gene (gusA) and the snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) lectin gene (gna) via particle bombardment. 61 independent transgenic rice plants were regenerated from 329 bombarded calli. 79% transgenic plants contained all the three genes, revealed by PCR/Southern blot analysis. Western blot analysis revealed that 36 out of 48 gna-containing transgenic plants expressed GNA (75%) at various levels with the highest expression being approximately 0.5% of total soluble protein. Genetic analysis confirmed Mendelian segregation of transgenes in progeny. From the R2 generations whose R1 parent plants showing 3:1 Mendelian segregation patterns, we identified five independent homozygous lines containing and expressing all the three transgenes. Insect bioassay and feeding tests showed that these homozygous lines had significant inhibition to rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH) by decreasing BPH survival and overall fecundity, retarding BPH development and declining BPH feeding. These BPH-resistant lines have been incorporated into rice insect resistance breeding program. This is the first report that homozygous transgenic rice lines expressing GNA, developed by genetic transformation and through genetic analysis-based selection, conferred enhanced resistance to BPH, one of the most damaging insect pests in rice.