枯草芽孢杆菌培养液水解鱼蛋白质制备蛋白胨的初步研究

对枯草芽孢杆菌胞外蛋白酶的产生条件及其培养液水解鱼蛋白质制备蛋白胨进行了初步研究．结果表明，适宜枯草芽孢杆菌产蛋白酶的培养基初始pH值7．0、培养温度30℃、250mL三角瓶中的装液量为60mL，培养时间为24h；用枯草芽孢杆菌培养液为蛋白酶源水解蛋白质时，应控制反应体系的温度为55℃，pH9．0，加入低浓度的Mg^2＋、Ca^2＋并去除Cu^2＋、Fe^3＋、Pb^2＋和Ag^＋，对枯草芽孢杆菌产酶有促进作用．用枯草芽孢杆菌培养液分别水解鳕鱼粉和罗非鱼，蛋白质制备蛋白胨的得率分别为13．95％和14．96％，与目前的工业水平基本相当．     

酶解鱿鱼蛋白的制备

探讨了中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、风味蛋白、酶菠萝蛋白酶以及复合蛋白酶对鱿鱼蛋白的酶解效果.实验结果表明,在相同水解条件下,复合酶对鱿鱼蛋白的水解效果优于单酶,确定了木瓜蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶为水解鱿鱼蛋白的适宜水解酶,两种酶量的比例为1:1,正交实验得出最佳水解条件为:温度50℃、pH7、时间8 h、加酶量6 000IU/g.     

蚝油酶水解条件的研究

对蚝油的酶水解工艺条件进行初步研究。结果表明：酶水解的最佳条件为酸性蛋白酶，酶水解温度５０℃，超始ｐＨ２．５，酶用量５０００ｕ／ｇ，酶水解时间４－５ｈ。     

超声波辅助酶解法制备香菇酱

在蛋白酶水解法制备香菇酱的工艺中,首先研究了超声波对原料进行细胞破碎处理的操作条件,采用正交实验设计对影响蛋白酶水解效果的条件进行了选择优化。结果表明,超声波处理的最佳功率为200W、最佳处理时间为30min,蛋白酶水解的最佳工艺条件为酶解温度40℃、pH值4．5、酶用量1％、酶解时间60min,在此工艺条件下香菇酱的氨基酸含量为0．88％。     

脱脂鲢肉酶解工艺技术研究

采用蒸煮法、脂肪酶法、乙醚法对鲢肉进行脱脂．并比较不同酶制剂对脱脂鲢肉的水解效果．试验结果表明。脂肪酶法的脱脂效果最好，其脱脂率为98．11％．根据水解度及感官品尝指标，从5种酶中优选出复合蛋白酶为脱脂鱼肉的最佳水解酶．并通过正交实验确定该酶的最佳水解工艺条件：pH6．5，温度55℃，酶最3000U／g．蛋白质，底物浓度（鱼肉：水）1：3．     

复酶水解鹅血工艺条件的优化

研究了中性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶对鹅血液的水解作用,并分析了酶用量、温度、时间、pH值等因素对鹅血酶水解的影响。结果表明,双酶水解效果较好,确定了其最适宜的酶解条件：中性蛋白酶,酶底物浓度比（E／S）为4000U／g,pH值为7．0,温度为55℃,时间为5h;木瓜蛋白酶,酶底物浓度比（E／S）为6000U／g,pH值为7．5,温度为50℃,时间为4h。     

酶法水解乳清蛋白过程的优化

以浓缩乳清蛋白为原料，选择碱性蛋白酶（Alcalase）水解乳清蛋白。分析了pH、温度、酶和底物比（E／S）和反应时间等因素对乳清蛋白水解的影响。通过响应面法分析，确定了碱性蛋白酶（Alcalase）酶解乳清蛋白的最佳水解条件为：pH8．5、反应温度55℃、酶和底物比0．05。水解3．0h，水解度为19．34％。     

pH渐变条件下双酶协同水解大豆蛋白

研究了在没有外加碱的pH渐变条件下．用枯草杆菌碱性蛋白酶(Alcalase 2．4L,酶活力2．4AU/g)和黑曲霉酸性蛋白酶(酶活力3000u／g)双酶协同水解从大豆蛋白制备寡肽(10个氨基酸以下的肽)水解物的可行性．考察了单酶单因素水解条件、双酶加入方式对大豆蛋白降解率和蛋白质水解度的影响,并在此基础上通过正交试验进一步优化出双酶一次性投料方案下水解大豆蛋白的最佳条件：水解温度为60℃．碱性蛋白酶加入量为每g蛋白15μL,酸性蛋白酶加入量为6％,底物浓度为40g／L,水解时间为18h．在上述最佳条件下,大豆蛋白的降解率可达76％,蛋白质的水解度可达26％,水解物中相对分子质量小于1350的寡肽达到了66％．结果表明,在不外加碱的条件下,采用双酶协同水解方法能够显著提高大豆蛋白降解率以及蛋白质水解度．     

胃蛋白酶水解红豆蛋白工艺研究

研究胃蛋白酶对红豆蛋白的水解工艺.考察酶浓度、pH、温度、水解时间等因素对红豆蛋白水解度的影响.结果表明:制备的胃蛋白酶能够较好地水解红豆蛋白,其最佳水解工艺为:温度40℃、酶浓度7U/g干蛋白、pH1.5、水解时间4h,其最佳水解度为30.97%.     

脂肪酶在去污应用中的研究

研究了脂肪酶对油酯污布除油率的影响。结果表明，脂肪酶Lip在含量为40－100u/mL，洗涤溶液pH为9．0，洗涤温度为20－40℃，洗涤时间为20－30min时去污效果最佳。Lip与AES，TX－10或Sav配伍使用有良好的配伍去污作用，而与LAS的配伍去污效果不佳。添加酶稳定剂可以保存酶在洗涤过程中的相对活性，增强脂肪酶的去污作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.