YUCCA基因家族在拟南芥胚胎发育过程中的表达模式研究

生长素作为重要的植物激素,在植物胚胎的形态建成和生长发育过程中起到关键的调控作用.依赖色氨酸的IPA途径是模式植物拟南芥中生长素合成的主要途径.以色氨酸为前体合成的IPA在YUCCA(YUC)的催化下生成IAA,这一过程也是生长素生物合成的限速步骤.拟南芥有11个YUC编码基因,目前对这11个YUC基因在植物胚胎发育过程中的表达模式还没有系统的研究.本文以Pro YUC:GUS(YUC1:GUS、YUC2:GUS、YUC4:GUS、YUC6:GUS、YUC8:GUS和YUC9:GUS)转基因植株为实验材料,观察在胚胎发育不同时期YUC基因的表达情况.结果表明:YUC1、YUC2和YUC4基因在拟南芥胚胎发育的后期(鱼雷期、拐杖期和成熟期)有极其微弱的表达;YUC6基因在拟南芥胚胎发育过程中没有表达;YUC8和YUC9在胚发育过程中有非常强的表达,其中YUC8主要在胚胎发育的三角胚时期、心形期和鱼雷期表达,而且在整个胚中表达,在拐杖期胚和成熟胚中YUC8特异在下胚轴和胚根中表达;YUC9在胚胎发育的球形期、三角胚时期和心形期有较强的表达,在胚发育的后期则在胚根有微弱的表达.这些结果表明拟南芥胚胎发育过程中存在生长素的本地合成,而且YUC8和YUC9是胚胎中参与生长素合成的主要基因.     

细胞的增殖与凋亡在胎肺支气管上皮细胞发育过程的观察

目的：观察不同发育阶段人胎肺支气管粘膜上皮细胞的凋亡,以及增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）的表达特征,并探讨细胞的凋亡与增殖在胎肺发育中的关系。方法：用原位核酸末端杂交,检测了１６～３２周人胎肺组织的凋亡细胞阳性表达率,用免疫细胞化学技术检测了同期人胎肺组织的ＰＣＮＡ阳性表达率。结果：人胎肺支气管粘膜上皮细胞在胎肺发育的早、中期（即假腺期和小管期）,细胞的凋亡与增殖均明显较晚期旺盛,而且两者均于胎肺发育的第２４周达到最高蜂,以后细胞的凋亡与增殖活动减弱;但凋亡与增殖细胞在不同发育时期定位有不同。结论：细胞的凋亡与增殖行为在胎肺支气管上皮细胞发育分化的整个过程中普遍存在,分工协作,对于胎肺的形态发生及功能完善共同起作用。     

中华眼镜蛇毒灌胃后的兔血清对人肺腺癌细胞株的影响

目的：了解中华眼镜蛇毒灌胃后的兔血清对人肺腺癌细胞的影响。方法：采用体外细胞培养的方法,观察蛇毒灌胃后的兔血清对人肺腺癌细胞及人胚肺成纤维细胞的细胞毒作用,对细胞生长及分裂数的影响。结果：蛇毒灌胃后的兔血清能够明显抑制肺腺癌细胞的生长,且其抑制效应随剂量的增加而增加,但该血清对正常人胚肺成纤维细胞的生长却没有明显影响。结论：中华眼镜蛇毒灌胃后的兔血清对肺腺癌细胞的生长有明显的抑制作用,且有高度的选择性。     

家蚕非编码RNA Bm-152功能初探

Bm-152是前期研究中发现的一个在家蚕丝腺中高表达的非编码RNA.采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对Bm-152在家蚕5龄到预蛹期不同发育天数丝腺中的表达谱进行检测.同时,在个体中过表达Bm-152,检测Bm-152可能参与的信号通路.结果显示,Bm-152在家蚕5龄幼虫丝腺发育过程中无明显的变化规律,但在吐丝第1天表达量较高,随后表达量又下降.通过在血淋巴中注射2μg piggyBac[A3-EGFP-A3-Bm-152]过表达载体,48h后发现Bm-152在丝腺组织中无明显过表达,但在非丝腺组织中可实现明显过表达,且表达量上调1.66倍;蜕皮激素信号通路基因Usp在非丝腺组织中上调1.95倍,E75A在非丝腺组织中上调2.26倍,保幼激素信号通路基因Met在非丝腺组织中上调1.79倍.表明非编码RNA Bm-152可能通过蜕皮激素和保幼激素信号通路参与家蚕发育,该结果为进一步探索Bm-152的功能提供了方向.     

AmphiSox1/2/3-like 基因的系统进化学分析和在文昌鱼胚胎发育中的表达

为了研究文昌鱼胚胎发育中神经管发育的分子机制和脊椎动物中枢神经系统的起源,我们筛选和分析了与佛罗里达文昌鱼AmphiSox1/2/3基因同源的青岛文昌鱼AmphiSox1/2/3-like基因,对其推测的氨基酸序列与17个脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的同源基因进行了系统的进化学分析,并利用胚胎整体原位杂交技术结合系列组织学切片技术,对该基因在青岛文昌鱼胚胎发育中的时空表达模式进行了系统的研究.AmphiSox1/2/3-like在原肠胚早中期开始在背部上胚层和预定神经外胚层中明显表达.在神经胚早期其表达定位于神经板.此后,表达区域位于形成中的神经管和胚胎中、后部分化中的神经管的两侧,其表达的水平从前向后逐渐下调和终止.此外,该基因在神经胚晚期和幼虫期的消化道壁中也有明显表达.研究结果显示,该基因与文昌鱼的神经分化和消化道分化密切相关.     

FGF8、SHH、FOXL2基因在鸡胚成纤维细胞中的调控作用研究

为了研究SHH、FGF8和FOXL2三个基因在鸡和鹌鹑杂交禽胚胎早期发育中的作用,分别构建鸡SHH、FGF8和FOXL2三个基因共9个RNA干扰载体,构建FGF8基因和SHH基因的过表达载体;将干扰载体和过表达载体分别转染鸡胚成纤维细胞。结果表明:FGF8基因通过MAPK信号通路影响杂交种胚胎早期发育;SHH基因通过Hedgehog信号通路影响杂交种胚胎早期发育;FOXL2基因通过调节DMRT1、SOX9和CYP19等基因的表达变化来影响杂交种胚胎早期发育。本研究可为进一步研究雌性杂交种胚胎早期死亡的原因奠定理论基础。     

人CSNK1A1基因两种转录变异体CK1αLS与CK1αS在细胞株中的表达

目的:分析CSNK1A1基因两种转录变异体CK1αLS和CK1αS在人正常细胞株和人肿瘤细胞株中的表达及在肿瘤发生发展中的作用.方法:RT-PCR法半定量检测不同细胞株中CSNK1A1基因的CK1αLS与CK1αS的mRNA表达水平.结果:36个细胞株中有32个细胞株存在CK1αLS与CK1αS的表达差异.在胚肾细胞2...     

新基因NtTKR及其同源物LeTKR的生物信息学分析

驱动蛋白是一类与微管结合的ATPase,在细胞内执行着多种功能.序列对比分析表明,烟草不同发育时期胚cDNA文库的差异筛选分离到的在叶和发育各时期胚中优势表达的驱动蛋白家族新成员NtTKR与番茄驱动蛋白LeTKR(AF242356.1)高度同源.运用生物信息学方法对二者编码产物的同源性、功能结构域特点和可能的翻译后修饰等进行了比较分析,结合目前已知的实验结果预测了该基因可能参与的生物学过程.这些分析和预测将对进一步实验证实NtTKR在烟草的形态发生及胚胎发生中的提供有益的指导.     

dDnmt2与dMBD2/3在果蝇不同发育时期的转录表达

为了深入了解果蝇DNA甲基化修饰系统及其相关基因的表达特点及功能,以黑腹果蝇Canton S品系为材料,应用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测分析不同发育时期果蝇dDnmt2与dMBD2/3基因的转录表达.结果表明:dDnmt2与dMBD2/3分别在6～9 h和0-3 h胚胎期表达量最高,在12～15 h和18～21 h胚胎、三龄幼虫、蛹、成虫期表达明显降低.果蝇dDnmt2和dMBD2/3基因的表达特点与果蝇不同发育时期基因组DNA甲基化水平相一致.     

珙桐AP2/ERF家族相关基因的克隆及功能鉴定

为探究AP2/ERF类转录因子在珙桐开花调控及花器官发育中的作用,本研究通过从实验室珙桐不同发育时期苞片和叶片的转录组数据中筛选出调控珙桐苞片发育相关AP2/ERF家族基因DiAP2-1、DiDREB-1和DiRAV-1,经过生物信息学分析、基因克隆及功能鉴定初步研究了目的基因在珙桐苞片发育过程中的调控机制.亚细胞定位实验显示DiAP2-1主要定位于细胞质,DiDREB-1和DiRAV-1主要定位于细胞核.对目的基因在珙桐中的表达模式分析发现DiAP2-1和DiRAV-1在苞片发育过程中表达量逐渐降低,DiDREB-1只在苞片第三时期高表达,推测DiDREB-1、DiRAV-1属于A类基因,DiAP2-1属于B类基因.表型实验显示DiDREB-1和DiRAV-1转基因拟南芥株系较野生型表现为明显的早花,DiAP2-1同源基因对应的拟南芥突变体与同一时期野生型拟南芥对比表现为花瓣减少且萼片大,角果呈短粗状且败育.对关键开花调控基因表达模式分析发现DiDREB-1和DiRAV-1异源表达后使其他促花因子表达量上调进而使拟南芥花期提前.以上结果表明,AP2/ERF类转录因子DiAP2-1、D...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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