考虑荷载类型及结构参数的轨道交通U形梁剪力滞效应

针对U形梁属于开口构件,其剪力滞效应不能直接套用成熟的闭口箱梁剪力滞效应的计算方法,研究了轨道交通U形简支梁的剪力滞效应。以青岛某地铁为背景,分别建立空间实体有限元模型和平面杆系模型。研究了3种不同类型荷载作用下U形梁剪力滞效应的纵横向分布规律;分析了4种结构参数变化下U形梁的剪力滞系数变化情况;计算了U形梁的有效宽度并与中国现行规范比较。研究结果表明：列车荷载是影响U形梁剪力滞系数纵向分布的主要因素,列车车轮作用位置处剪力滞效应明显;在一期恒载和二期恒载分别作用下均呈现出简支梁跨中区段剪力滞效应较小,支座区段剪力滞效应明显的规律。在剪力滞效应的横向分布中,3种荷载分别作用下U形梁道床板处的剪力滞效应均较腹板位置处明显。影响U形梁剪力滞效应增大的主要结构因素是梁高和底板宽度,其中梁高的影响显著,增加底板厚度能有效降低U形梁的剪力滞系数,而改变腹板厚度对剪力滞系数的影响甚微。目前中国规范为考虑桥梁剪力滞效应而采用的箱梁有效宽度计算不适用轨道交通U形梁,在考虑荷载类型和结构参数影响的基础上,建立的U形梁有效宽度修正计算公式与有限元模拟结果吻合良好。研究成果可为实际工程中U形梁的应力计算与钢...     

集中荷载和均布荷载下T形简支梁不同截面的剪力滞效应

对有机玻璃T形简支梁进行两点集中加载和均布加载,研究T形简支梁不同截面的剪力滞效应,分析正、负剪力滞的产生原因和传递机理.试验结果表明:T形简支梁支座位置存在明显的负剪力滞效应,且随着荷载的增加,负剪力滞效应增强,远离支座截面则为明显的正剪力滞现象,有效翼缘宽度为正;集中荷载作用时,剪力滞效应随着荷载的增加而逐渐减弱,均布荷载作用时,剪力滞效应随着荷载的增加先逐渐增强,后逐渐减弱;剪力滞效应主要集中在腹板对应的翼板处,向两侧逐渐减弱,且不可简单地根据剪力滞系数推断剪力滞效应的正负.     

双层均布荷载作用下混凝土悬臂箱梁抗弯性能试验研究

对大比例混凝土悬臂箱梁在弹性范围内的抗弯性能进行试验研究与分析,重点研究该混凝土悬臂箱梁的悬臂部分在双层均布荷载或单层均布荷载作用下,其荷载-挠度曲线、顶板纵向应变的横向分布情况以及顶板剪力滞系数的横向分布情况.研究结果表明：双层均布荷载或单层均布荷载作用下,支座截面处存在正剪力滞现象,离支座1/2悬臂长度截面处存在负剪力滞现象;荷载量级的增加对剪力滞系数没有影响;该混凝土悬臂箱梁在顶板均布加载作用下产生的剪力滞效应相对于其在顶板、底板同时均布加载作用下产生的剪力滞效应较为明显.     

双层荷载简支箱梁的剪力滞效应试验研究

通过对比例尺为1∶6的单箱三室双层交通混凝土简支箱梁模型进行试验研究,对其在上层荷载、下层荷载、上下层荷载三种不同工况的双层均布荷载作用下的剪力滞效应进行分析.结果表明:均布荷载作用下,箱梁跨中截面与1/4跨截面顶板均呈现出正剪力滞现象;在弹性工作阶段双层交通混凝土简支箱梁剪力滞效应与荷载作用大小无关,与荷载作用位置有关;荷载作用在底板引起的箱梁剪力滞效应比荷载作用在顶板引起的剪力滞效应要小;当把作用在箱梁顶板的荷载转移一部分作用到底板时,会减小箱梁的剪力滞效应.     

曲线箱梁剪力滞效应及其影响因素

为研究曲线箱梁的剪力滞效应,以薄壁曲梁的理论位移为基础,利用箱梁剪力滞分析的纵向位移函数,同时考虑弯扭耦合作用、曲率半径沿梁宽的变化和荷载横向分布等因素的影响,应用变分法推导了曲线箱梁剪力滞效应的弹性控制微分方程.不同荷载作用下结构反应的分析表明,依据该方法所得结果与实验值吻合较好,进一步验证了曲率半径和中心角对曲线箱梁的剪力滞效应的重要影响.     

有机玻璃直线连续箱梁试验研究

对有机玻璃2跨直线连续箱梁进行了弹性阶段试验,对连续箱梁在均布荷载与集中荷载下的应变变化规律以及剪力滞效应进行了初步研究.研究结果表明:均布荷载与集中荷载下剪力滞效应较显著,不同的荷载形式产生不同的剪力滞效应.     

波形钢腹板斜拉桥主梁剪力滞效应研究

以某波形钢腹板斜拉桥为工程背景,建立实体有限元模型及杆系模型,在有限元计算分析的基础上,对主要施工阶段及成桥阶段关键截面的剪力滞进行分析。通过分析发现:主梁施工过程中剪力滞效应较明显,其中斜拉索锚固区的剪力滞系数最大,内腹板的剪力滞系数大于中腹板及外腹板的剪力滞系数;与施工过程相比,成桥阶段的剪力滞效应不太明显且底板剪力滞效应弱于顶板。针对主梁剪力滞效应的特点,应充分考虑该类主梁剪力滞效应的影响,建议在运用杆系分析程序对该类型箱梁总体设计时,应考虑设置剪力滞效应的影响,尤其是集中荷载作用位置。     

混凝土薄壁箱梁剪力滞效应的空间分析

通过对预应力混凝土薄壁箱梁剪力滞效应的理论分析,重点阐述了有限元法理论在剪力滞分析中应用,介绍了规范考虑剪力滞效应的有效分布宽度方法.利用一实际混凝土箱梁桥进行有限元建模计算,对于箱梁在受到不同荷载作用时表现的剪力滞效应进行了分析,指出箱梁在对称荷载作用情况下仍然表现出剪力滞效应.通过箱梁有限元模型计算指出了初等梁理论...     

翼板横向位移对箱梁剪力滞效应的影响

为了揭示翼板横向位移对箱梁剪力滞效应的影响,在箱梁全截面上引入能充分反映剪力滞翘曲特性的中性轴修正系数,选取剪力滞效应引起的附加挠度为广义位移,从翼板剪切变形与附加挠度的几何关系入手,定义了箱梁的翼板横向位移模式,运用能量变分法建立了考虑翼板横向位移影响的箱梁剪力滞效应解析理论.简支和连续箱梁算例分析表明:考虑翼板横向...     

变截面箱梁桥悬臂施工过程剪力滞效应

为了研究剪力滞效应对变截面箱梁桥悬臂施工过程的影响,以某新建(48+80+48)m变截面预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥为工程背景,通过理论分析、数值模拟和现场试验的手段,对变截面箱梁桥悬臂施工过程中的剪力滞效应进行了研究。研究发现：变截面箱梁桥在施工阶段的自重荷载作用下,翼板出现负剪力滞效应,剪力滞效应在固定端最小,且随离固定端距离的增大而增大。在整个施工阶段,0号块截面和1号块截面的剪力滞效应变化规律基本一致,均在箱梁顶板位置出现负剪力滞,箱梁底板位置出现正剪力滞,随着施工的进行,剪力滞效应逐渐减小。梁体的合龙对底板的剪力滞效应影响较明显,其中0号块截面和1号块截面的底板剪力滞出现了由正剪力滞变成负剪力滞的现象。随着施工的进行,0号块截面顶板和腹板交接处的剪力滞系数逐渐增大,在底板和腹板交接处剪力滞系数逐渐减小,1号块梁端截面顶板和腹板交接处、底板和腹板交接处剪力滞系数逐渐减小。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.