表达胰岛素的毕赤酵母生长动力学及诱导策略

对本实验室构建的一株重组巴斯德毕赤酵母基因工程菌的生长及诱导进行了研究,结果表明生长阶段菌体的生长与限制性基质甘油残留浓度的关系符合Monod关系式,细胞最大生长比速率为0.204h^-1,饱和常数为24.3g/L。经参数推导得理论最大细胞对甘油得率为0.497g/g,以及菌体生长维持系数为0.007g/g·h,后者说明此株工程菌有高密度发酵的潜力。诱导阶段补加酵母提取物、大豆蛋白胨和微量元素能有效提高目的蛋白产量。在发酵罐上罐试验中,目的蛋白产量达256mg/L,蛋白产量是摇瓶发酵蛋白产量的5倍多。     

不同比生长速率对毕赤酵母发酵生产植酸酶的影响

不同比生长速率控制条件下毕赤酵母代谢流流向不同,从而导致产酶量的不同。为了得到毕赤酵母发酵生产植酸酶的最适比生长速率,对毕赤酵母工程菌50 L发酵生产植酸酶的工艺条件进行了研究。结果表明,通过调节甲醇的流加速度,控制菌体比生长速率为0.02 h^-1,发酵结束时,植酸酶酶活17 445 U/mL,比对照提高69.7 %,该比生长速率对发酵生产植酸酶最有利。     

巴氏毕赤酵母SMD1168表达人溶菌酶的发酵条件

研究用毕赤酵母SMD1168菌株(MutS,HIS4+)表达人溶菌酶(HLZ)的发酵条件。此菌株具有对胞外分泌的外源蛋白不降解、对反应器氧传递效率的限制不敏感的特性,有利于在常规反应器条件下的过程放大。在培养基中添加复合维生素,在流加甲醇溶液中添加山梨醇或甘露醇可维持细胞正常的生长和代谢,并表达高活性的HLZ。采用恒溶解氧的方式流加甘油溶液以提高细胞密度,在一段时间内使细胞处于碳源半饥饿状态后,使用恒速流加甲醇溶液诱导HLZ表达。HLZ的体积生成速率达到9.6mg/(L·h)左右,上清液中HLZ的含量约为1.6g/L,发酵周期为110h。     

发酵抑制物对树干毕赤酵母戊糖发酵的影响

研究了常见发酵抑制物(甲酸、醋酸和乙醇)对树干毕赤酵母(Pichia stipitis)P2生长和发酵木糖的影响.结果表明:树干毕赤酵母P2具有良好的抗发酵抑制物能力.当发酵液中含有4.0 g/L的醋酸时,树干毕赤酵母P2生长和发酵木糖情况良好;当发酵液中含有5.0g/L的甲酸时,树干毕赤酵母P2对木糖的利用率降低,但对酵母生长的影响并不明显;另外,树干毕赤酵母P2耐受乙醇的浓度约为40.0 g/L.     

优化甲硫氨酸补料策略提高重组毕赤酵母G12-CBS合成S-腺苷甲硫氨酸

重组毕赤酵母G12-CBS经代谢工程改造,可高效表达重组S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)合成酶,并弱化了SAM转化途径的关键酶β-胱硫醚合成酶,是一株优良的SAM高产菌。为了利用G12-CBS高效合成SAM,需对前体(甲硫氨酸)的补料策略进行优化。首先在摇瓶中考察了不同甲硫氨酸(L-Methionine,L-Met)添加量对于G12-CBS的影响,发现每24hL-Met补加量超过3mg/mL时,会影响重组菌生长和SAM合成。在15L发酵罐中优化L-Met的补料速率,当外源补料速率为0.4g/(L·h)时SAM产量最高,分别比补料速率为0.2g/(L·h)和0.6g/(L·h)时提高22.2%和31.8%,达到13.01g/L,比出发菌最高产量提高54%。代谢物及酶活测定的结果表明,较低的L-Met补料速率(0.2g/(L·h))导致前体供应不足而影响SAM合成,过高的补料速率(0.6g/(L·h))可能会抑制三羧酸循环,并且影响氮源的摄取和利用,从而导致菌体生长和产物合成受到抑制。     

类人胶原蛋白基因工程菌诱导后比生长速率优化

目的优化类人胶原蛋白基因工程菌高温诱导后的比生长速率。方法通过分析不同比生长速率下发酵液中菌体浓度、类人胶原蛋白浓度、细胞得率系数(YX/S)、产物得率系数(YP/S)的变化,确定诱导后的最佳比生长速率。结果当比生长速率为0.04～0.05h-1,细胞浓度和类人胶原蛋白的浓度分别可达69.5g/L(DCW)和13.8g/L。结论诱导后的比生长速率对细胞生长、类人胶原蛋白的合成均产生显著性影响。     

猪胃蛋白酶原A在毕赤酵母中的高效表达及其分离纯化

尝试利用毕赤酵母(pichia pastoris)表达体系大量生产制备猪胃蛋白酶,用化学的方法合成猪胃蛋白酶原A基因,并构建表达载体pGAPZα-pepsinogen;利用化学转化技术,将该基因整合到巴斯德毕赤酵母x-33菌株的染色体上.经过发酵,三角摇瓶培养条件下获得的猪胃蛋白酶原A总酶活达5 250U/L.发酵液上清经过DEAE离子交换色谱和Sephacryl S-200分子筛色谱分离,活化酶原后测定其比活达到52 800 U/g.     

Pseudomonas putida KT2442制备中长链聚羟基烷酸酯

初步探讨了利用Pseudomonas putida KT2442制备中长链聚羟基烷酸酯(MCL-PHAs)的工艺,考察了不同碳源对菌体生长和产物合成的影响.在2.5 L发酵罐上采用高密度细胞培养制备以油酸为碳源,细胞干重达120g/L,MCL-PHAs质量浓度达40g/L,产物质量分数为34%,生产速率为0.965 g·L-1·h-1;以玉米油水解物为碳源,细胞干重达105g/L,MCL-PHAs达28g/L,产物质量分数为26.5%,生产速率为0.667 g·L-1·h-1.以玉米油水解物为碳源所得细胞浓度、产物浓度与以油酸为碳源所得结果比较接近,有利于降低生产成本.     

培养温度对多拷贝毕赤酵母猪胰岛素前体的分泌表达和生理特性影响(英文)

研究了培养温度对多拷贝毕赤酵母分泌表达猪胰岛素前体(PIP)的生理特性的影响。将多拷贝重组菌A2(12拷贝)和A3(18拷贝)分别在25℃和30℃培养,25℃培养时PIP表达水平分别比30℃培养时提高了40%和32%,而A3细胞的存活率提高了20%。对A3细胞内相关蛋白折叠和氧化程度的KAR2,PDI1,GLR和TRR1基因转录水平分析发现,相比30℃培养25℃培养时减少了16%~35%,这表明多拷贝重组A3菌株在低温培养时比高温培养在蛋白折叠和氧化协廹响应有明显的减缓效应,从而导致外源蛋白表达提高了40%。     

优选发酵毕赤酵母与酿酒酵母混合发酵的葡萄酒酿造应用潜力

实验基于主要发酵副产物的生成含量评价优选发酵毕赤酵母与酿酒酵母混合发酵对葡萄酒质量的影响。采用优选发酵毕赤酵母Z9Y-3和商业酿酒酵母F33设计同时和顺序两种接种方式启动模拟葡萄汁的酒精发酵,以酿酒酵母和发酵毕赤酵母单菌株发酵为对照。琥珀酸和乳酸利用高效液相色谱法测定,甘油采用高碘酸钠氧化法分析,挥发酸采用水蒸气蒸馏法测定。结果显示,优选菌株参与下的发酵没有显著影响酒精发酵的进程,但在发酵过程中发酵毕赤酵母生长速率低于酿酒酵母。与酿酒酵母纯发酵相比,混合发酵提高了甘油的含量,降低了挥发酸的含量,其中顺序接种的发酵过程中酿酒酵母活菌数最高,发酵毕赤酵母存活期最长(7d),发酵过程中甘油累积量最高(2.7g/L),挥发酸含量最低(0.2g/L)。不同发酵处理中,琥珀酸和乳酸含量均呈现先增后降的趋势,但其最终含量变化不显著。综上可得,优选发酵毕赤酵母和酿酒酵母的混合发酵具有应用于葡萄酒酿造的应用潜力。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.