氧离子注入对氧化钒薄膜电学特性影响的研究

采用直流磁控溅射方法在Si3N4/Si衬底上淀积了一层55nm的氧化钒薄膜,随后对氧化钒薄膜分别进行不同剂量的O+和Ar+注入.O+具有非常强的化学活性,能够钝化各种电子材料中的缺陷状态,而Ar+作为一种惰性离子,主要是作为一种对比来研究离子轰击对氧化钒的影响.利用四探针测试设备、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、拉曼分析(Raman)、傅里叶红外光谱分析(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)以及X射线衍射仪(XRD)等表征方法来分析离子注入前后氧化钒薄膜性质的变化.实验结果表明,低剂量的O+或Ar+注入都能够使氧化钒的电阻温度系数(TCR)值上升,TCR值分别达到了-2.57%/K或-2.51%/K.而高剂量的O+或Ar+注入反倒会使氧化钒的TCR值和方块电阻(Rsq)值急剧下降.分析发现低剂量O+注入前后薄膜的表面形貌和价键没有发生明显变化.研究表明低剂量O+注入后载流子跳跃导电的激活能上升了,从而导致TCR值上升.     

对向靶磁控溅射纳米氧化钒薄膜的热氧化处理

采用直流对向靶磁控溅射方法制备低价态纳米氧化钒薄膜,研究热氧化处理温度和时间对氧化钒薄膜的组分、结构和电阻温度特性的影响采用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、X射线衍射（XRD）和原子力显微镜（AFM）对氧化钒薄膜的组分、结晶结构和微观形貌进行分析,利用热敏感系统对薄膜的电阻温度特性进行测量．结果表明,经300～360℃热处理后,氧化钒薄膜的组分逐渐由V2O3和VO向VO2转变,薄膜由非晶态变为单斜金红石结构,具有金属半导体相变性能;增加热处理温度后,颗粒尺寸由20nm增大为100nm,薄膜表面变得致密,阻碍氧与低价态氧化钒的进一步反应,薄膜内VO2组分舍量的改变量不大;增加热处理时间后,薄膜内VO2组分的含量明显增加,相变幅度超过2个数量级.     

氧化钒薄膜的掺锆实验研究

以V2O5和Zr（NO3）4．5H2O为原料，采用无机溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺Zr^4＋的VOx（2≤X≤2．5）相变薄膜。通过对掺杂薄膜的物相组成、价态、相结构的XPS和XRD分析及电阻突变量级和电阻突变温度的测试，结果发现：所制备的掺杂薄膜其主要成分是VO2，所掺入的Zr与VOx完全互溶，但其中Zr的价态未发生改变。掺杂薄膜随Zr含量的增加其电阻突变温度下降．同时其电阻突变量级也随之降低。     

特型二氧化钒薄膜的制备及电阻温度系数的研究

采用真空蒸发真空退火的制备工艺,制备出了特定的VO2(B)型薄膜并给出了最佳制备条件,经X射线衍射(XRD)分析及电学参数测试,其电阻温度系数(TCR)值达到-3.4×10-2K-1,无相变和热滞现象.作者还讨论了薄膜电阻温度关系,及其电阻温度系数与晶粒大小、激活能等的关系.     

退火条件对氧化钒薄膜微观结构的影响

采用直流对向靶磁控溅射的方法在SiO2／Si衬底上制备了具有（001）择优取向的V2O5薄膜，利用X射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜和四探针测试方法对退火前后薄膜的表面形貌、物相组分和电阻温度系数进行了测量．结果表明：200℃衬底温度下溅射得到的薄膜为多晶V2O5，膜表面颗粒呈细长针状，经700℃、1h退火后，薄膜中VO2相成分增多，颗粒变为长方形柱状；退火后薄膜的电阻温度系数达到-3.2％／K，与薄膜的微结构和物相组分有很大关系：3h退火后．得到高纯度的V2O5薄膜．     

聚氨酯／石墨烯纳米复合物的制备、力学及温度-电阻率行为研究

采用改进的hummers法,并以NaBH4还原制得还原石墨烯（RGO）．以蓖麻油（CO）和2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯（2,4-TDI）为原料合成蓖麻油基聚氨酯预聚体．利用原位聚合法将聚氨酯预聚体与还原石墨烯反应（不完全还原）,制得不同石墨烯含量的聚氨酯／石墨烯纳米复合物．采用x线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、拉曼光谱、热重分析以及力学和热-电阻特性测试对复合物薄膜的结构和性能进行研究．实验结果显示聚氨酯／石墨烯复合物薄膜具有优良的热力学性能,特别是当石墨烯质量分数为1．5％时,聚氨酯／石墨烯纳米复合物出现正的电阻率-温度效应（PTC效应）．     

氧化钒簿膜电极在锂充电电池中的应用(英文)

鉴于氧化钒是应用于锂充电电池的最有希望的电极材料之一，采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积法（ＰＥＣＶＤ）和激光溅射沉积法（ＰＬＤ），制备了不同的氧化钒薄膜，并研究了它们的电化学性质。这些薄膜具备较高的充放电容量和优良的充放电稳定性。晶体和非晶体的Ｖ２Ｏ５薄膜都可以用ＰＬＤ方法在２００℃和不同的气氛下制备。这些薄膜的充电容量可达３８０ｍＡ·ｈ／ｇ。所制备的最稳定的薄膜是用ＰＥＣＶＤ方法得到的。这些薄膜的Ｏ／Ｖ比很接近Ｖ６Ｏ１３（厚度约为０．５ｕｍ）。它们的放电容量可达４０８ｍＡ．ｈ／ｇ或１２６５ｍＡｈ／ｃｍ３，其能量密度可达９６０．３Ｗ．ｈ／ｋｇ。即使经过４４００次的充放电后，这些薄膜的放电容量仍基本不变。因此，ＰＥＣＶＤ方法及其用它所制备的氧化钒薄膜将是锂充电电池工业很有希望的一种选择。     

多孔氧化铝的整流特性研究

在温度0℃下，采用阳极氧化法分别在15％wt的硫酸水溶液、0．3mol／L的草酸水溶液和0．3mol／L的磷酸水溶液中制备了多孔氧化铝薄膜．电压分别为18V、40V和90V，氧化时间是1h．利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对多孔氧化铝薄膜的结构形貌进行了表征，测量了Al／Al2O3界面的电流电压（I-U）特性曲线，并对多孔铝整流特性的机理进行了分析，很好地解释了交流电沉积的原因．随着科技的发展，人类将通过利用多孔铝的整流特性制备出各种各样的性能优良的材料和器件．     

制备条件对钙钛矿型BaZrO3储存NOx能力的影响

采用改进的柠檬酸络合溶胶-凝胶法制备了钙钛矿型BaZrO3催化剂,考察了焙烧温度、吸附温度及SO2浓度对BaZrO3样品富氧条件下的NOx储存性能（NSC）的影响;对其储存的NO2进行程序升温脱附（TPD-MS）测试,并通过BET比表面测定、X射线衍射等方法研究了催化剂的结构及其对性能的影响．结果表明：750℃下焙烧的BaZrO3的比表面积为84．0m^2／g;900℃下焙烧的BaZrO3的烧结程度较高;BaZrO3是主要的NOx吸附中心,750℃焙烧制得的BaZrO3的NSC比900℃焙烧制得的高;BaZrO3样品储存NOx的最佳温度在400℃左右．     

退火条件对氧化钒薄膜电学性能的影响

文中采用射频反应溅射法制备氧化钒薄膜,并用三段式控温退火炉对薄膜进行快速升降温退火处理.文中重点就退火条件对氧化钒薄膜的电学性能的影响进行了研究.研究结果表明:退火时间和退火温度均对薄膜电学性能有较大影响,考虑到氧化钒薄膜热敏性能要求,兼顾微测辐射热计制备工艺(即微电子机械系统(简称MEMS)工艺)要求,退火时间约1～...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.