水热反应工艺条件对纳米ZnO薄膜微观形貌的影响

为获得具有良好形貌、分布均匀的纳米ZnO薄膜及粉体,以柠檬酸为导向剂,采用水热合成法在高纯钛片表面制备了纳米ZnO薄膜,并同时获得了Zn O粉体,采用XRD、FT-IR和SEM对其进行了表征分析,探究了水热反应工艺条件对纳米Zn O薄膜及同时制备粉体的微观形貌的影响.研究结果表明,提高填充率使水热体系内压力增大,组成ZnO薄膜的颗粒及同时制备的粉体增大,产物分散程度改善;升高反应温度使水热体系压力增大,Zn~(2+)的过饱和度增加,晶体析出速度增大;延长水热反应时间使ZnO颗粒的取向性增强,Zn O颗粒由不规则堆积转变为纳米片有序组装的棒状,随着反应继续进行,纳米片组装的Zn O棒状向球形转化.     

ZnO/WO_3纳米片薄膜的光电催化性能研究

采用水热法在不锈钢基底上制备WO3纳米片阵列,然后将其浸渍于不同浓度Zn(NO_3)_2溶液中以负载ZnO纳米颗粒,从而制备出ZnO/WO_3纳米片薄膜。采用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和电化学阻抗图谱(EIS)等方法对ZnO/WO_3复合薄膜的形貌、结构、物相组成和光电性能等进行分析,重点考察了薄膜电极对亚甲基蓝(MB)的光电催化降解性能。结果表明,WO_3纳米片均匀垂直于基底生长,Zn元素以ZnO颗粒的形式分布在WO_3表面;ZnO的引入促进了WO_3中产生的光生电子-空穴对的分离,从而使ZnO/WO_3复合薄膜表现出比纯WO_3薄膜更优异的光电性能和光电催化活性;在Zn(NO_3)_2浸渍液浓度为20mmol/L时,所制ZnO/WO_3复合薄膜具有最佳的光电催化性能,在MB溶液初始浓度为10mg/L、外加偏压为0.8V、光照1h的条件下,采用该样品对MB的降解率达96.5%,并且复合薄膜具有良好的循环稳定性,在重复使用5次后,对MB的光电催化降解效率没有明显降低,有望在实际污水处理中得到应用。     

V、Mn掺杂ZnO薄膜的掺杂特性及制备工艺研究

本文采用溶胶一凝肢法制备掺杂Mn的ZaO薄膜,井直流磁控溅射V掺杂的ZnO薄膜,研究Mn、V掺杂浓度以及制备工艺对于ZnO薄膜微观组织和电学性能的影响。研究发现,溶胶一凝胶法制备ZnO薄膜,最佳熟处理温度为450℃前烘和700℃退火处理结合。掺杂ZnO薄膜结构显示,Mn、V离子部分替代Zn离子进入ZnO晶格的内部。Mn掺杂ZnO薄膜浓度约为1％时,或V元素掺杂浓度为2％时,ZnO薄膜中的（002）晶向的衍射峰最强,显示出一定的C轴择优生长性。     

掺杂对纳米ZnO薄膜结构的影响

采用真空蒸发法和热氧化制备纳米ZnO薄膜,分析掺杂对薄膜结构的影响。实验发现,掺入一定比例的In,可以得到沿c轴择优取向的纳米ZnO薄膜,薄膜结晶度有所下降,影响薄膜沿c轴的择优取向。掺Sb可以得到沿c轴择优取向的纳米ZnO薄膜掺。Bi可以改善结晶度,获得强烈沿c轴的择优取向的薄膜。实验发现随In含量的增加,薄膜晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,随Sb含量的增加,晶粒尺寸逐渐增加,而Bi含量的变化对晶粒尺寸基本没有影响。     

热蒸发分解法制备多晶氧化锌薄膜以及性能分析

以Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O为蒸发源,利用热蒸发分解法在Si衬底上沉积了多晶ZnO薄膜.使用多种分析测试手段(XRD,SEM,PL,霍尔效应)对不同的衬底温度下得到的ZnO薄膜的物理性质及结构特征进行分析表征.ZnO薄膜为六角纤锌矿结构,但在高角度时可以观察到衍射峰的分裂,表明ZnO薄膜中结构的非均一性.所得到的ZnO薄膜在蓝光波段具有强烈的受激发射.霍尔效应测量显示在衬底温度低于480℃时,薄膜为空穴导电(p-type),而高于480℃时,为电子导电(n-type).在不同衬底温度下,薄膜表面具有不同形貌特征.还探讨了对于ZnO薄膜的热蒸发分解法的成膜机理.     

热蒸发制备Zn/ZnO薄膜的实验研究

本文采用低真空热蒸发技术,以锌作为蒸发源,通过调节蒸发时间,蒸发温度,真空度等工艺参数,在玻璃基底上获得薄膜样品,再对薄膜进行退火处理。实验结果表明:采用低真空蒸发镀膜法可以制备得到取向很好的Zn(002)单晶薄膜,薄膜样品在450℃真空条件下做退火处理后,进一步提高金属锌膜薄膜单晶性;样品经300℃大气下退火处理后,可得取向(101)的强织构ZnO结构。     

Cu衬底上ZnO纳米结构及其光催化性能分析

采用两步电化学沉积法在Cu衬底上沉积得到ZnO纳米结构薄膜。用X-射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对其结构及形貌进行表征,发现先在Cu衬底上沉积一层Zn致密膜,更有利于在其表面上得到附着力强、形貌较好的ZnO纳米结构膜。系统考察了沉积温度和沉积时间等工艺参数对ZnO纳米结构的影响。结果表明,沉积温度和沉积时间对晶体结构和形貌有显著影响,通过对工艺进行适宜控制可以得到结晶性良好的六方纤锌矿型ZnO纳米结构膜。以罗丹明B为目标有机污染物,分析了ZnO膜的光催化性能,表明所制备的ZnO膜可以作为光催化剂,其光催化效率可达到72.4%。     

Zn基ZnO纳米棒阵列的制备和发光特性

N2H4.H2O水热体系中,在Zn基底上制备出了ZnO纳米棒薄膜。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)及发致发光谱(PL)等分析测试手段,研究了ZnO薄膜的形貌结构和发光特性。结果表明,预处理工艺不同,Zn基底表面状态不同,ZnO薄膜形貌也不同。在经预氧化形核的Zn基底上易于制备ZnO纳米棒薄膜。在单一取向的Zn基面上,易于制备ZnO纳米棒阵列。PL测试分析表明,ZnO纳米棒有强的近带边紫外光发射峰和弱的缺陷发射峰。阵列棒本征发射峰强度最高、缺陷峰最弱,反映了该ZnO纳米棒结晶质量高。     

电化学自组装法制备透明ZnO薄膜及性能研究

以低浓度的Zn(NO3)2为电解液、KCl为支持电解质,采用电沉积自组装法在氧化铟锡(ITO)玻璃基片上成功制备了尺寸可控、性能优异、具有强的C轴择优取向生长的纳米柱ZnO薄膜;并进一步获得了六方晶体纳米结构的ZnO薄膜的优化沉积工艺.同时,结合X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜测试(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外吸收光谱(UV-vis)等测试手段对薄膜的形貌、晶形及光学性能进行了系统表征.结果表明,制备的ZnO薄膜为六方纤锌矿结构,且沿[002]方向的择优生长趋势明显、物相纯正;该薄膜的透射率最大值可达75%,禁带宽度接近于3.28 eV.     

沉积电位对ZnO薄膜结构及光电性能的影响

以硝酸锌溶液为电解液,采用电化学沉积方法,在导电玻璃(ITO)上制备ZnO薄膜.使用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对制备的ZnO薄膜结构和形貌进行表征,并研究薄膜的光电性能.结果表明,通过该方法制备的ZnO具有标准的六方纤锌矿纳米柱状结构,沉积电位为-0.75、-0.80、-0.85 V时,制备的ZnO纳米柱的直径分别为250、400、500 nm,禁带宽度分别为3.12、3.27、3.29 eV,光电流密度分别为1.18、1.07、0.89μA.cm-2.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-