中华乌塘鳢消化道内分泌细胞的鉴别与定位

应用链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶免疫细胞化学方法,对中华乌塘鳢消化道中的Som、5-HT、PP、VIP、SP和CT等内分泌细胞进行鉴别和定位.结果表明:Som细胞在贲门胃、中肠分布较多,食道与幽门胃较少.5-HT细胞在食道较为丰富,胃中次之,前肠较少.PP细胞仅分布于肠道,后肠居多,前肠、中肠较少.VIP细胞分布于食道及贲门胃,食道处较少.SP细胞在后肠较为丰富,前肠分布较少.CT细胞集中在胃部,前肠偶见,其余部位未发现.不同种类内分泌细胞的数量分布和形态特征存在一定的差异,本文对其可能的内分泌方式和功能进行了讨论.     

蛤蚧消化道嗜银细胞的分布及形态学观察

用龙桂开银浸法对蛤蚧消化道嗜银细胞的分布及形态作了观察，结果表明：蛤蚧消化道嗜银细胞在胃贲门部和幽门部分布密度大，胃体部密度小，呈“U”形分布；在十二指肠密度大，从空肠到回肠密度逐渐变稀；在大肠上、下段分布密，中段稀，也呈“U”形分布；从食道中段到下段密度中等，并呈递增分布．细胞颗粒被染成黑色、棕黑色，细胞形态多样，有锥体形、三角形、长梭形等。主要分布在黏膜上皮和腺上皮之间，在结缔组织里发现有少量的嗜银细胞，细胞充满嗜银颗粒，嗜银颗粒在细胞外有时可见到。     

锯缘青蟹消化系统内分泌细胞的免疫细胞化学定位

采用兔抗哺乳类Glu、SP、Gas、Pro、SOM、ACTH和PP等7种抗血清．应用链霉菌抗生物素蛋白一过氧化物酶免疫细胞化学技术，从锯缘青蟹的消化系统检测出前4种抗血清呈免疫阳性反应．Glu细胞分布于食道的皮腺、后肠肌层和肝胰腺．SP细胞位于后肠皮腺和肝胰腺．Gas细胞分布于食道和后肠的皮腺、贲门胃粘膜上皮以及肝胰腺．Pro细胞仅见于肝胰腺内．锯缘青蟹消化道粘膜上皮内分泌细胞少，这与脊椎动物内分泌细胞主要分布于消化道粘膜上皮的模式不同．肝胰腺具有4种内分泌细胞。提示了肝胰腺是锯缘青蟹体内重要的内分泌腺．     

牙鲆（Paralichthys olivaceus）消化道形态学及组织学研究

采用大体解剖及光镜技术研究了牙鲆消化道形态学和组织学,牙鲆消化道由口咽腔,食道,胃,小肠,幽门垂和直肠构成。牙鲆口咽腔较大,牙锥形,为颌齿,舌三角形,粘膜表面为复层扁平上皮,食道粘膜也衬着复层扁平上皮,在食道起始处存在少量味和较多的杯状细胞,由食道到胃,杯状细胞逐渐减少直至消失,肌肉也由横纹肌变成平滑肌,胃销膨大,弯曲呈J型,粘膜上皮为单层柱状上皮,贲门部,胃体和幽门部均有胃腺分布,尤以胃体处最多,小肠短,为体长的1／2左右。小肠上皮为具微绒毛的单层柱状上皮,幽门垂4个,无括约肌,组织结构与小肠相似,直肠粘膜上皮为假复层柱状上皮,粘膜上皮中散布着较多的杯状细胞,环肌比较发达,牙鲆的消化道组织特点表明,其消化过程的特性就是食物停留胃内的时间较短,因而牙鲆的进食间隙也较短。     

南方鲇消化道组织形态学的研究

应用组织学技术，对鲇形目南方鲇的消化道组织结构进行了系统的研究。结果表明，食道、胃和肠壁内突形成明显的粘膜皱褶。食道壁肌肉层极厚，并为横纹肌；胃、肠壁的肌肉层为平滑肌，胃盲囊部、幽门部的肌肉层明显比贲门部厚，肠前段的环肌层较中段厚，后段的环肌层最厚。胃腺发达，贲门部的胃腺较厚，从盲囊部下段至幽门部，胃腺逐渐减少至消失。食道近胃贲门处，贲门部和胃幽门部的粘膜下层有丰富的致密结缔组织，且有众多分支伸入肌肉层，逐渐分支变细直达肌肉细胞之间，彼此联结成网状，该结构在鱼类消化道中尚未见报道。     

扬子鳄胚胎胃PAS反应观察

选取２３例扬子鳄胚胎，对其胃进行ＰＡＳ反应观察．胃表面上皮：第３０天时，上皮细胞表面出现薄层的ＰＡＳ反应阳性物质；第３４～６０天，阳性反应逐渐增强，并出现粘液保护层．胃腺：胃底腺，第４０天腺芽上皮出现ＰＡＳ反应阴性细胞，第４６～６０天胃底腺腺管基部上皮细胞呈阴性反应；幽门腺及贲门腺，第４０天时出现腺芽，腺芽细胞呈阳性反应；第４６～６０天幽门腺及贲门腺腺管基部出现阴性反应细胞．     

南方鲇胃肠道嗜银细胞的形态学及分布规律初探

应用组织化学技术Masson氏银浸法,对鲇形目鱼类南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis)胃肠道嗜银细胞进行了研究,结果表明,南方鲇的胃肠道嗜银细胞多为开放型,有梭形、角锥形、梨形、椭球形、楔形、蝌蚪形等形态,只分布于胃中,常以细胞群的形式存在于胃小凹底部胃上皮细胞之间和胃腺腺泡之间,从胃贲门部、胃盲囊部到幽门部,分布密度逐渐递减。     

梭鱼消化道的组织学

本主要论述梭鱼的食道，贲门胃，胃体，胃盲囊，幽门胃，幽门盲囊及肠的组织学特征。     

中华鳖消化系统的组织学研究

中华鳖消化系统主要由消化道和消化腺组成．消化道包括口咽腔（前部为口腔、后部为咽腔）、食道、胃、小肠、大肠；消化腺包括肝脏和胰脏．消化道管壁除口腔外，其余由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜层组成．不同部位的消化道管壁肌层厚度有差异，胃壁最厚，食道和小肠壁其次，大肠壁最薄．中华鳖口腔和食道上皮由两层细胞组成，底层为扁平不规则的基细胞，表层为长形的粘细胞，这部分上皮还特化成具水呼吸功能的绒毛突起；胃、小肠和大肠上皮均为单层柱状上皮．肝脏中贮脂细胞发达并含大量深色颗粒；胰脏泡心细胞和胰岛均不发达     

中华沙鳅消化道组织学结构研究

应用组织学、组织化学和扫描电镜技术对中华沙鳅消化道的显微结构及亚显微结构做了较详细的观察,结果表明:顶壁和底壁黏膜层均由复层扁平上皮组成.食道前段黏膜上皮为鳞状复层上皮,在上皮细胞之间分布着少量的味蕾和棒状细胞.食道后段黏膜由单层柱状上皮组成,细胞表面微绒毛发达,管腔面PAS反应呈阳性.食道腺丰富,食道肌肉比较发达,为内纵外环.胃呈"V"形,可分为贲门部、胃体和幽门部.黏膜为典型的单层柱状上皮,细胞表面极度粗糙,微绒毛非常发达.上皮细胞管腔面PAS反应呈强阳性.胃腺发达.肌肉层很发达,贲门部肌肉为内纵外环,胃体和幽门部为内环外纵,其间有大量斜肌.肠黏膜皱褶发达,黏膜表面平滑.在上皮细胞之间分散有大量的杯状细胞,杯状黏液细胞自前向后数量逐渐增多.黏膜上皮肠腔面PAS反应呈阴性,大部分杯状黏液细胞PAS反应呈阳性.肌肉层为内环外纵.肛门为复层扁平上皮.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.