烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

关于n维情形的Menelaus定理与Ceva定理

利用度量几何的理论与方法，研究了n维欧氏空间旷中n维单形的Menelaus定理与Ceva定理问题，建立了n维情形的Menelaus定理与Ceva定理，作为其特例得到三角形的Menelaus定理与Ceva定理。     

微分学中值定理的证明及其应用

微分学中值定理是微分学中的重要的基本定理,它一般包括三个定理:罗尔(Rolle)定理,拉格朗日(Lagrange)中值定理与柯西(Cauchy)中值定理.在证明后两个定理时,通常的教科书是采用构造一个辅助函数,使它满足罗尔定理的条件,利用罗尔定理的结论来证明的.在本文中,将对微分学中值定理给出新的证法,然后归纳介绍微分学中值定理的几种推广形式及一些常见的应用.     

微分中值定理的证明及推广

基于拉格朗日中值定理与柯西中值定理的基本原理,构建了罗尔定理不同系数的辅助函数,用这些辅助函数重新证明了拉格朗日中值定理和柯西中值定理,并且推广了微分中值定理.     

外-扰动与属性合取收缩规律挖掘-分离

利用函数 P-集合模型与它的动态特性和规律特征，给出函数 P-集合的结构与规律扰动、扰动恢复概念、扰动度量，利用这些概念得到外-扰动与属性合取收缩定理、属性合取收缩与外-扰动规律挖掘-分离定理、外-扰动与规律挖掘辨识定理和不变性定理。     

抽象凸空间的KKM型定理及其应用

作者比较了FC-空间,GFC-空间与Park提出的抽象凸空间,在抽象凸空间证明了关于KKM(X,Y)簇的一个KKM型定理,利用此定理建立了新的截口定理及重合点定理,并由此得到不动点定理与极大元的存在性定理.     

基于PBL和CBT的Lusin定理的证明及其应用教学

研究了基于PBL和CBT的Lusin定理的证明及其应用教学。在实际教学过程中,通过构造问题,提出猜想,证明猜想形成Lusin定理,给出应用Lusin定理证明的例子,构建了Problem-driven-Conjecture-Theorem-Cases of applying theorem教学范畴。学生能更好地知道Lusin定理的来源,理解Lusin定理的结论及其推广结论,掌握Lusin定理证明的思想方法和技巧。     

一个收缩映像不动点定理与Banach不动点定理的等价性

由一个收缩映像的不动点定理导出Ｂａｎａｃｈ压缩映像原理，并证明了在局部紧的度量空间中，这个不动点定理与Ｂａｎａｃｈ压缩映像原理在本质上是等价的     

中心投影与平行投影椭圆对应关系的研究

根据同素性、从属性和等简比、等交比的特性,研究了透视对应中空间圆与投影椭圆之间的特性和变化规律,得出了同族变化定理、视角交比相关定理、等交比定理、平行二重直线对应线段的等简比定理、双心几何定理、透视椭圆定理,建立了中心投影和平行投影之间的几何对应关系,解决了透视椭圆的作图问题.     

无穷时滞RFDE解的存在性及其对初始函数的可微性

本文建立了无穷时滞RFDE解的存在性定理,改进了文[2]之定理1,并建立了无穷时滞RFDE解对初始函数的可微性定理,完善了无穷时滞RFDE解的基本理论。同时,有界时滞RFDE作为无穷时滞RFDE之特殊情形,本文的结果改进了文[3]关于有界时滞RFDE解的存在性定理(p37),并对文[3]关于有界时滞RFDE解对初始函数可微性定理(pp46-47)给出一严密证明,纠正了文[3]中一个易忽视的证明错误。     

直角投影定理逆定理的研究与推论

通过对《画法几何学》中直角投影定理的逆定理的研究,得出:“若垂直相交的两直线在某一投影面上投影成直角,则该两直线至少有一条直线平行于该投影面”的推论。此推论使得直角投影定理自身更趋于完整,同时,对垂直相交两直线的判断和作图也有一定帮助。