粘土防膨剂

本文综述了采油中使用的两类粘土防膨剂,包括酸和盐、无机聚阳离子聚合物、阳离子活性剂、有机聚阳离子聚合物、有机硅烷、有机硅烷酯等。在这些粘土防膨剂中,含氮的有机聚阳离子聚合物,特别是在每个链节中含有两个或多个四价铵的聚合物,对抑制粘土膨胀特别有效,这种防膨剂还具有长效、耐酸、耐盐的特点。有机和无机粘土防膨剂复配使用,效果会更好。     

Self-assembly of mesoscopically ordered chromatic polydiacetylene/silica nanocomposites

Nature abounds with intricate composite architectures composed of hard and soft materials synergistically intertwined to provide both useful functionality and mechanical integrity. Recent synthetic efforts to mimic such natural designs have focused on nanocomposites, prepared mainly by slow procedures like monomer or polymer infiltration of inorganic nanostructures or sequential deposition. Here we report the self-assembly of conjugated polymer/silica nanocomposite films with hexagonal, cubic or lamellar mesoscopic order using polymerizable amphiphilic diacetylene molecules as both structure-directing agents and monomers. The self-assembly procedure is rapid and incorporates the organic monomers uniformly within a highly ordered, inorganic environment. Polymerization results in polydiacetylene/silica nanocomposites that are optically transparent and mechanically robust. Compared to ordered diacetylene-containing films prepared as Langmuir monolayers or by Langmuir-Blodgett deposition, the nanostructured inorganic host alters the diacetylene polymerization behaviour, and the resulting nanocomposite exhibits unusual chromatic changes in response to thermal, mechanical and chemical stimuli. The inorganic framework serves to protect, stabilize, and orient the polymer, and to mediate its function. The nanocomposite architecture also provides sufficient mechanical integrity to enable integration into devices and microsystems.     

Direct imaging of the pores and cages of three-dimensional mesoporous materials

Mesostructured composite materials, with features ranging from 20 to 500 A in size, are obtained by the kinetically controlled competitive assembly of organic and inorganic species into nanostructured domains. Short-range order is limited, and long-range order is determined by weak forces such as van der Waals or hydrogen-bonding. Three-dimensional mesoporous materials obtained by removing the organic phase are of particular interest for applications such as catalysis and chemical sensing or separation, for which structural features such as cavity shape, connectivity and ordered bimodal porosity are critical. But atomic-scale structural characterization by the usual diffraction techniques is challenging for these partially ordered materials because of the difficulty in obtaining large (> 10 microm) single crystals, and because large repeat spacings cause diffraction intensities to fall off rapidly with scattering angle so that only limited small-angle data are available. Here we present a general approach for the direct determination of three-dimensional mesoporous structures by electron microscopy. The structure solutions are obtained uniquely without pre-assumed models or parametrization. We report high-resolution details of cage and pore structures of periodically ordered mesoporous materials, which reveal a highly ordered dual micro- and mesoscale pore structure.     

表面活性剂与纳米SiO2作用下聚合铝的絮凝特性

在6NTU高岭土原水中,溶入低浓度溶解性有机物-阴离子表面活性剂(十二烷基硫酸钠,SDS),投加聚合铝PAC与新型水处理剂-纳米SiO2稳定分散液进行动态混凝实验与静止沉降实验.借助图像分析技术与分形理论,对SDS与纳米SiO2作用下PAC的絮凝特性与絮体分形结构的形态学特征进行研究.结果表明:存在SDS时,高岭土颗粒表面ζ电位增加.SDS在颗粒表面的吸附等温曲线符合Langmiur方程;PAC对无机颗粒的去除效果明显,但对SDS的表观去除率较低.SDS阻碍絮凝初絮体的形成.纳米SiO2使颗粒表面ζ电位增加,对无机颗粒处理效果较差,但对去除有机物有利.絮凝机理主要是吸附架桥;助凝剂纳米SiO2能促进PAC对无机颗粒与SDS絮凝,处理效果显著.悬浊液中絮体粒径大,有效质量密度增加,沉速加快,分维值下降.     

Deterioration Process of the Hybrid Films during Wear Test——Polyacrylate Emulsion Modified by Silica Particles

The hybrid materials are widely used in various fields for excellent performance. However, there are few researches studying their failure process. In order to prepare the hybrid materials with better performance, the failure process needs to be well studied. Two kinds of silica/polyacrylate films are successfully prepared to study the effect of organic-inorganic interaction on performance. The average diameter of silica particles is measured to be around 342 nm by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Wear test demonstrates the hybrid film, which is obtained by grafting polyacrylate onto silica particles, possesses more excellent properties than the one filled directly with silica particles. The stronger interaction between organic and inorganic components leads to a better distribution of inorganic particles within the polymer matrix. In this work, a model is presented to illustrate the deterioration process of the hybrid films, which allows us to further understand the hybrid materials.     

Biomimetic synthesis of ordered silica structures mediated by block copolypeptides

In biological systems such as diatoms and sponges, the formation of solid silica structures with precisely controlled morphologies is directed by proteins and polysaccharides and occurs in water at neutral pH and ambient temperature. Laboratory methods, in contrast, have to rely on extreme pH conditions and/or surfactants to induce the condensation of silica precursors into specific morphologies or patterned structures. This contrast in processing conditions and the growing demand for benign synthesis methods that minimize adverse environmental effects have spurred much interest in biomimetic approaches in materials science. The recent demonstration that silicatein-a protein found in the silica spicules of the sponge Tethya aurantia--can hydrolyse and condense the precursor molecule tetraethoxysilane to form silica structures with controlled shapes at ambient conditions seems particularly promising in this context. Here we describe synthetic cysteine-lysine block copolypeptides that mimic the properties of silicatein: the copolypeptides self-assemble into structured aggregates that hydrolyse tetraethoxysilane while simultaneously directing the formation of ordered silica morphologies. We find that oxidation of the cysteine sulphydryl groups, which is known to affect the assembly of the block copolypeptide, allows us to produce different structures: hard silica spheres and well-defined columns of amorphous silica are produced using the fully reduced and the oxidized forms of the copolymer, respectively.     

新型复合脂质体Cerasome稳定性的研究

合成了复合脂质N,N-二-十六烷基-N^α-6-（3-三乙氧硅烷基）丙基二甲胺基己酰基-L-丙氨酰胺（1）,其结构经薄层色谱（TLC）、^1 H核磁共振（NMR）及元素分析表征得以证实。将该脂质分散到水溶液中并进行超声,其头部将水解进而缩合形成表面具有陶瓷或硅覆盖的脂质体,因此将其命名为Cerasome。用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）作为添加的表面活性剂,采用荧光分光光度计通过测定脂质体的光散射强度,对Cerasome及作为对照的合成肽脂N,N-二-十六烷基-N^α-6-三甲胺基己酰基-L-丙氨酰胺（2）和磷脂酰胆碱（3）脂质体的稳定性进行了评价,结果Cerasome表现出了异常高的稳定性。     

用无机钛源合成Ti-HMS中孔分子筛

用无机配合剂稳定钛酰离子，以正硅酸乙酯为硅源，十二胺为模板剂，用多种无机钛源合成了中孔Ti-HMS型分子筛，采用XRD，低温N2吸附，FT-IR和UV-Vis等方法对合成的含钛分子筛进行了结构表征，以苯乙烯的H2O2氧化作为模型反应，考察了合成的Ti-HMS分子筛的催化性能，结果表明，钛原子已进入分子筛骨架，用TiCl4为钛源合成的Ti-HMS分子筛在960cm^-1处存在较强的红外吸收，并对苯乙烯的H2O2氧化表现出较高的催化活性。     

Synthesis and characterization of chiral mesoporous silica

Chirality is widely expressed in organic materials, perhaps most notably in biological molecules such as DNA, and in proteins, owing to the homochirality of their components (d-sugars and l-amino acids). But the occurrence of large-scale chiral pores in inorganic materials is rare. Although some progress has been made in strategies to synthesize helical and chiral zeolite-like materials, the synthesis of enantiomerically pure mesoporous materials is a challenge that remains unsolved. Here we report the surfactant-templated synthesis of ordered chiral mesoporous silica, together with a general approach for the structural analysis of chiral mesoporous crystals by electron microscopy. The material that we have synthesized has a twisted hexagonal rod-like morphology, with diameter 130-180 nm and length 1-6 micro m. Transmission electron microscopy combined with computer simulations confirm the presence of hexagonally ordered chiral channels of 2.2 nm diameter winding around the central axis of the rods. Our findings could lead to new uses for mesoporous silica and other chiral pore materials in, for example, catalysis and separation media, where both shape selectivity and enantioselectivity can be applied to the manufacturing of enantiomerically pure chemicals and pharmaceuticals.     

生物质基纳米二氧化硅的表面改性研究

成功实现了水相低温条件下稻壳纳米SiO2的表面改性.十六醇与纳米SiO2表面形成化学键合,十六醇的疏水性烷基链朝外排列改变了SiO2表面性质,由亲水表面变为疏水表面.表面改性操作在pH为8~10、90℃水溶液的条件下反应,120℃烘箱中干燥就可以达到.该方法避免了以往使用昂贵的硅烷偶联剂或者在高温有机溶剂环境下进行的缺点,有很好的工业大规模生产的前景.通过对反应条件的考察,提出了二氧化硅和十六醇反应的机理,对目前很多的无机物粉体表面改性机理具有一定的指导意义.     

Characteristic mechanical properties and complex ordered structures in metal films on liquid substrates

It is well known that the nature of the substrate plays a significant role in the growth mechanism, micro- structure, surface morphology and physical property of thin film systems. Because the metal film systems de- posited on solid substrates generally p…     

Alq3掺杂SiO2凝胶的制备及其光谱性质

采用改进工艺制备了Alq3/SiO2复合凝胶材料，研究了其荧光光谱性质，结果表明二聚物和多聚物是导致Alq3发光谱线红移的主要原因。     

电纺丝技术构建纳米结构材料

电纺丝技术是一种简单可行的制备一维纳米材料的方法.近年来.利用此技术已经制备了大量的有机聚合物、无机氧化物和陶瓷纳米纤维膜及各种纳米复合纤维膜.通过改进电纺设备和控制电纺参数,可以实现对纤维的二级结构调控.电纺纤维膜在催化剂载体、过滤和吸附、生物和医药、电子与光学器件、传感器等方面有着极大的应用潜力.     

高浓度味精废水预处理试验

采用絮凝法对味精高浓度有机废水进行了絮凝烧杯试验,讨论了絮凝剂的选择、投加量、pH值以及与有机高分子絮凝剂配合使用对絮凝效果的影响.研究结果表明:以自制的新型无机高分子絮凝剂聚硅硫酸铁(PFSS),用于万县高浓度味精废水处理表现出优良的絮凝性能,PFSS的最佳投药量为20 mg/L,最适pH值为7.5～8.0,在此条件下复合无机高分子絮凝剂PFSS对味精废水的CODcr去除率远远高于PFS和PAC,可达68%以上;浊度去除率为89.7%.此外,有机高分子絮凝剂的加入对PFSS的絮凝处理效果有增强作用.     

苯基表面改性MSU-x型介孔分子筛的合成与表征

在中性条件下以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚非离子表面活性剂C15H31O(CH2CH2O)9H(A(EO)9)为模板剂,用苯基三甲氧基硅烷(PTMS)与正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)共水解缩聚合成了苯基官能化的MSU-x介孔分子筛(Ph-MSU-x).用红外光谱(FT-IR)、小角X射线衍射(SAXRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)和氮气吸附-脱附等分析手段对样品进行了表征.结果表明,苯基已成功键合至介孔孔道表面,并保持了MSU-x介孔分子筛三维立体交叉排列的蠕虫状孔道结构,且改性后的Ph-MSU-x具有较强的疏水性、较高的热稳定性以及较大的比表面积、孔容和较窄的孔径分布.     

两性离子交换有机聚合物包覆硅球整体柱的制备及评价

利用甲基丙烯酸和2-二甲基乙基胺甲基丙烯酸酯为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,环己醇、甲醇和水为三元致孔剂,在内径为250μm石英毛细管内原位聚合制备了1种有机聚合物包覆硅球两性离子交换整体柱.通过对单体总浓度、致孔剂的组成和聚合反应时间的调节控制有机聚合物对硅球的包覆,并通过扫描电镜图和压力对流速关系曲线,确定了整体柱的最佳制备条件.最佳条件为单体总浓度T=25%、c=30%,致孔剂组成是环己醇∶甲醇∶水的体积比为8∶1∶1,反应时间为5h.从整体固定相的微观结构、抗压性、溶胀性、柱效和交换容量等方面对整体柱进行评价,认为该整体柱具有较好的抗压性、较高的柱效、较大的交换容量和很强的抗溶胀性.在此基础上,利用长度为4cm的整体柱在6min内分离了一组无机阴离子,在9min内分离了一组有机胺类阳离子.     

Gate-induced superconductivity in a solution-processed organic polymer film

The electrical and optical properties of conjugated polymers have received considerable attention in the context of potentially low-cost replacements for conventional metals and inorganic semiconductors. Charge transport in these organic materials has been characterized in both the doped-metallic and the semiconducting state, but superconductivity has not hitherto been observed in these polymers. Here we report a distinct metal-insulator transition and metallic levels of conductivity in a polymer field-effect transistor. The active material is solution-cast regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene), which forms relatively well ordered films owing to self-organization, and which yields a high charge carrier mobility (0.05-0.1 cm2 V(-1) s(-1)) at room temperature. At temperatures below approximately 2.35 K with sheet carrier densities exceeding 2.5 x 10(14) cm(-2), the polythiophene film becomes superconducting. The appearance of superconductivity seems to be closely related to the self-assembly properties of the polymer, as the introduction of additional disorder is found to suppress superconductivity. Our findings therefore demonstrate the feasibility of tuning the electrical properties of conjugated polymers over the largest range possible-from insulating to superconducting.     

有机化白炭黑与异戊二烯共聚合的研究

甲基丙烯酰(3-三甲基硅烷)丙酯(MPS)对白炭黑进行有机化改性,得到有机化程度适当的两亲性有机化白炭黑。在高浓度乳液聚合体系中,选用氧化-还原引发剂界面引发,将聚异戊二烯分子链成功接枝在有机化白炭黑表面,制备出有机化白炭黑-聚异戊二烯的无机-有机共聚粒子。研究了有机化改性的反应条件和共聚合体系,并用傅立叶红外光谱仪、透射电子显微镜、能谱分析和热失重分析对产物进行了表征。结果表明,当MPS与白炭黑投料质量比为17∶100时,白炭黑的有机化程度适当,呈现两亲性;共聚粒子中聚异戊二烯的接枝率大约为19%。     

One-Pot Synthesis of Mesoporous Hollow Silica Nanospheres(MHSNS) by Templating Calcium Carbonate

Mesoporous hollow silica nanospheres(MHSNS) with an average diameter of 100 nm and wall thickness of approximately 10 nm were synthesized via core-shell structure of CaCO3@SiO2 by a one-pot route. Hollow silica nanospheres with mesoporous shell were obtained by dissolving CaCO3 in HCl dilute solution. The characterization of as-prepared hollow products by BET indicates that MHSNS have a specific surface area of 865 m2/g and a narrow pore size of 3.78 nm.     

复配混凝剂在洗浴废水回用技术中的应用

通过研究各种混凝剂的混凝效果 ,选择了聚合氯化铝铁和聚丙烯酰胺连用处理大连地区洗浴废水 .浊度的去除率为 99.2 %、洗涤剂含量降至 0 .3mg/L以下 ,可达到废水回用的指标要求 .通过测定各种混凝剂对洗浴废水的浊度和洗涤剂含量去处率 ,得出了混凝剂的最佳投加量 .在此基础之上 ,对各种混凝剂的混凝效果进行了评定